Televerket (Sweden)

Televerketwas aSwedish State authorityacting as astate-owned corporation(public enterprise), responsible for telecommunications inSwedenfrom 1853 until 1993. Originally it was namedKongl. Elektriska Telegraf-Werket(literally: Royal Electric Telegraph Agency), which was founded in 1853. Its name changed toKongl. Telegrafverketin 1871,Kungl. Telegrafverketin 1903, the prefixKungl.(an abbreviation of "Kunglig", "Kungliga"; English:Royal) was dropped in 1946 and the name was further modernised toTeleverketin 1953. Televerket continued on with its telecommunications monopoly untilcorporatisationin 1993, when it was renamedTelia,now part ofTelia Company.

The "Rikstelefon" brandmark of Televerket telephones

History

19th Century

Kongliga Elektriska Telegraf-Werketwas founded in 1853 when the first electric telegraph line was established betweenStockholmandUppsala,and was the government agency for telegraph services. From 1871 the company was known asKongl. Telegrafverket.The first telephone network in Sweden opened in 1880, as a result of an initiative by former Telegrafverket employees.As telecommunication technology changed, Telegrafverket expanded to include telephone services, but entered the early telephone industry in Sweden as a latecomer. Through securing a national monopoly on long distance telephone lines, it was able with time to control and take over the local networks of quickly growing private telephone companies. Its network, brandedRikstelefon,was supplied with telephones produced by Swedish telephone manufacturersEricsson.

20th Century

AVolvo 245 GLstation wagonfrom 1988 in its distinctive hi-vis orange livery used as a service vehicle by Televerket and Telia. The blue cheatline was later added to the exterior in the early-1990s after the corporatisation of Televerket into Telia.

While the telecommunications industry in Sweden has always been ostensibly open, Telegrafverket effectively monopolised the market with its purchase of the telephone company Stockholms Allmänna in 1918. When Telegrafverket was renamed Televerket in 1953, the parent company and its subsidiaries had ade factonational monopoly because no other companies had the financial or technical resources to compete.Televerket also pioneered mobile telephony in Sweden; it launched Sweden's firstmanual radiotelephoneservice, MTA(Mobiltelefonisystem A)in 1956, which was later succeeded by MTB (1962–1983) andMTD(1971–1987). On 1 October 1981, Televerket launched the first fully automatic (1G) mobile phone network in the world, calledNordic Mobile Telephone(NMT), which eventually superseded the manual MTA, MTB and MTD networks.

From 1980 onwards Televerket's de facto monopoly was eroded with increasing governmentliberalisation of the industry,as well as early attempts by private companies, most notably and successfully at that period of time byKinnevik AB,to dismantle said state-sanctioned telecommunications monopoly through its companyComvik.From 1980 theRiksdagenabled legislation that opened the market to allow competitor's telephones to be connected to the network.In 1988 Televerket's subsidiary company Teli, responsible for the design and manufacture of telephones, ceased production.Also that same year, the administration ofSwedish television licences,which had until then also been handled by Televerket, was shifted toRadiotjänst i Kiruna AB.

In accordance with the deregulation decision of theRiksdagand its Telecommunications Act of 1 July 1993, Televerket was corporatised asTelia AB,thus makingSwedenthe firstEuropeancountry to deregulate itstelecom market.

Televerket in the 21st Century

Telegrafverket and Televerket telephones remain highly collectible, and there is now a market for reconditioned phones that can connect to modern networks. Telia has since merged with theFinnishSonera,and is now known asTelia Company.

Some Standard Televerket Phones

Sheet metal telephone 1894

Bakelite telephone 1931-1947

Bakelite telephone manufactured c. 1957

Dialog 1962-1972

Diavox 1978-1989

Company Director Generals

• Carl Akrell, 1853-1862
• Pehr Brändström, 1862-1874
• Daniel Nordlander,1874-1890
• Erik Storckenfeldt, 1890-1902
• Mauritz Sahlin, 1902-1904
• Arvid Lindman,1904-1907
• Herman Rydin, 1907-1927
• Adolf Hamilton, 1928-1938
• Helge Ericson, 1939-1942
• Håkan Sterky, 1942-1965
• Bertil Bjurel, 1966-1977
• Tony Hagström, 1977-1993

See also

• Stoppa sabbet
• History of the Internet in Sweden
• Swedish telephone plugs & sockets

External links

• Telia
• TeliaSonera
• The Swedish Televerket's logotype(quite large file-size)