Wikipedia

The Independent

This article is about the British newspaper. For other uses, seeThe Independent (disambiguation).
"Independent on Sunday" redirects here. For similar names, seeSunday Independent."Independent newspaper" redirects here. The term may also refer to the form ofindependent media.

The Independentis a Britishonline newspaper.It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed theIndy,it began as abroadsheetand changed totabloidformat in 2003.[4]The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition.[5]

The Independent
border
Homepage ofThe Independentin July 2021
TypePrint newspaper (1986–2016)
Online only newspaper (2016–present)
Format
Owner(s)Evgeny Lebedev(41%)[1][2]
Sultan Muhammad Abuljadayel (30%)[1][2]
Justin Byam Shaw (26%)[2]
Minor shareholders (3%)[2]
PublisherIndependent Digital News & Media Ltd
EditorGeordie Greig
Founded7 October 1986;37 years ago(1986-10-07)
Political alignmentLiberalism[3]
Ceased publication26 March 2016 (print)
HeadquartersAlphabeta Building, 14–18 Finsbury Square, EC2A 1AH,London
Sister newspapersThe Independent on Sunday(1990–2016)
i(2010–2013)
Online onlyindy100(2013–present)
ISSN1741-9743
OCLCnumber185201487
Websiteindependent.co.ukEdit this at Wikidata

The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004British Press Awards.The Independentwon the Brand of the Year Award in The Drum Awards for Online Media 2023.[6]

History

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1980s

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Launched in 1986, the first issue ofThe Independentwas published on 7 October inbroadsheetformat.[7][8]It was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created byAndreas Whittam Smith,Stephen GloverandMatthew Symonds.All three partners were former journalists atThe Daily Telegraphwho had left the paper towards the end ofLord Hartwell's ownership.Marcus Sieffwas the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper.[9]

The paper was created at a time of a fundamental change in British newspaper publishing.Rupert Murdochwas challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in theWapping dispute.Consequently, production costs could be reduced which created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdoch's move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside.The Independentattracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his company's new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging bothThe Guardianfor centre-left readers andThe Timesas the newspaper of record,The Independentreached a circulation of more than 400,000 by 1989. Competing in a moribund market,The Independentsparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years, a price war in the market sector.[citation needed]

1990s

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WhenThe IndependentlaunchedThe Independent on Sundayin 1990, sales were less than anticipated, partly due to the launch of theSunday Correspondentfour months prior, although this direct rival closed at the end of November 1990. Some aspects of production merged with the main paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff. In the 1990s,The Independentwas faced with price cutting by the Murdoch titles, and started an advertising campaign accusingThe TimesandThe Daily Telegraphof reflecting the views of their proprietors, Rupert Murdoch andConrad Black.It featured spoofs of the other papers'mastheadswith the wordsThe Rupert MurdochorThe Conrad Black,withThe Independentbelow the main title.[citation needed]

Newspaper Publishing had financial problems. A number of other media companies were interested in the paper.Tony O'Reilly's media group andMirror Group Newspapers(MGN) had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994. In March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into O'Reilly'sIndependent News & Media(43%),MGN(43%), andPrisa(publisher ofEl País) (12%).[10]

In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, O'Reilly bought the other shares of the company for £30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News,Andrew Marrwas appointed editor ofThe Independent,andRosie Boycottbecame editor ofThe Independent on Sunday.Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, partly as a result of a limited promotional budget. Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book,My Trade.[11]

The newspaper was owned byTony O'Reilly's IrishIndependent News & Mediafrom 1997 until it was sold toAlexander Lebedevin 2010.[12]

Boycott left in April 1998 to join theDaily Express,and Marr left in May 1998, later becoming theBBC's political editor.Simon Kelnerwas appointed as the editor. By this time, the circulation had fallen below 200,000. Independent News spent heavily to increase circulation, and the paper went through several redesigns. While circulation increased, it did not approach the level which had been achieved in 1989, or restore profitability. Job cuts and financial controls reduced the morale of journalists and the quality of the product.[13]

2000s

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Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995 and formerly a key figure atThe Sunday Times,replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. By mid-2004, the newspaper was losing £5 million per year. A gradual improvement meant that by 2006, circulation was at a nine-year high.[13]

In November 2008, following further staff cuts, production was moved to Northcliffe House, in Kensington High Street, the headquarters ofAssociated Newspapers.[14]The two newspaper groups' editorial, management and commercial operations remained separate, but they shared services including security, information technology, switchboard and payroll.[citation needed]

2010s

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On 25 March 2010, Independent News & Media sold the newspaper to a new company owned by the family ofRussian oligarchAlexander Lebedevfor a nominal £1 fee and £9.25 million over the next 10 months, choosing this option over closingThe IndependentandThe Independent on Sunday,which would have cost £28 million and £40 million respectively, due to long-term contracts. Alexander's son Evgeny became chairman of the new company, with Alexander becoming a board director.[12][15]In 2009, Lebedev had bought a controlling stake in theLondon Evening Standard.Two weeks later, editorRoger Altonresigned.[16]

In July 2011,The Independent's columnistJohann Hariwas stripped of theOrwell Prizehe had won in 2008 after claims, to which Hari later admitted,[17]of plagiarism and inaccuracy.[18]In January 2012,Chris Blackhurst,editor ofThe Independent,told theLeveson inquirythat the scandal had "severely damaged" the newspaper's reputation. He nevertheless told the inquiry that Hari would return as a columnist in "four to five weeks".[19]Hari later announced that he would not return toThe Independent.[20]Jonathan ForemancontrastedThe Independent's reaction to the scandal unfavourably with the reaction of American newspapers to similar incidents such as theJayson Blaircase, which led to resignations of editors, "deep soul-searching", and "new standards of exactitude being imposed".[21]The historianGuy Walterssuggested that Hari's fabrications had been an open secret among the newspaper's staff and that their internal inquiry was a "facesaving exercise".[22]

The IndependentandThe Independent on Sundayendorsed "Remain" in theBrexit referendum.[23]In March 2016,The Independentdecided to close its print edition and become anonline newspaper;the last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016.The Independent on Sundaypublished its last print edition on 20 March 2016 and was closed following that.[8][24]

In 2017,Sultan Muhammad Abuljadayelbought a 30% stake inThe Independent.[25]

Content

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Format and design

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The Independentbegan publishing as a broadsheet, in a series of celebrated designs. The final version was designed by Carroll, Dempsey and Thirkell following a commission byNicholas Garlandwho, along withAlexander Chancellor,was unhappy with designs produced by Raymond Hawkey and Michael McGuiness – on seeing the proposed designs, Chancellor had said "I thought we were joining a serious paper". The first edition was designed and implemented by Michael Crozier, who was Executive Editor, Design and Picture, from pre-launch in 1986 to 1994.[26]

From September 2003, the paper was produced in both broadsheet and tabloid-sized versions, with the same content in each. The tabloid edition was termed "compact" to distance itself from the more sensationalist reporting style usually associated with "tabloid" newspapers in the UK,[27]preferring to remain focused on hard news (similarly to the tabloid-size edition ofThe Times.)[28]After launching in theLondon areaand then inNorth West England,[29]the smaller format appeared gradually throughout the UK. Soon afterwards, Rupert Murdoch'sTimesfollowed suit, introducing its own tabloid-sized version.[30]Prior to these changes,The Independenthad a daily circulation of around 217,500,[citation needed]the lowest of any major national British daily, a figure that climbed by 15% as of March 2004 (to 250,000).[citation needed]Throughout much of 2006, circulation stagnated at a quarter of a million. On 14 May 2004,The Independentproduced its last weekday broadsheet, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition in January.[citation needed]The Independent on Sundaypublished its last simultaneous broadsheet on 9 October 2005, and thereafter followed a compact design until the print edition was discontinued.[citation needed]

On 12 April 2005,The Independentredesigned its layout to a more European feel, similar to France'sLibération.The redesign was carried out by a Barcelona-based design studio. The weekday second section was subsumed within the main paper, double-page feature articles became common in the main news sections, and there were revisions to the front and back covers.[31]A new second section, "Extra", was introduced on 25 April 2006. It is similar toThe Guardian's "G2" andThe Times's "Times2", containing features, reportage and games, includingsudoku.In June 2007,The Independent on Sundayconsolidated its content into a news section which included sports and business, and a magazine focusing on life and culture.[32]On 23 September 2008, the main newspaper became full-colour, and "Extra" was replaced by an "Independent Life Supplement" focusing on different themes each day.[33]

Three weeks after the acquisition of the paper byAlexander LebedevandEvgeny Lebedevin 2010, the paper was relaunched with another redesign on 20 April. The new format featured smaller headlines and a new pullout "Viewspaper" section, which contained the paper's comment and feature articles.[34]

Front pages

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Following the 2003 switch in format,The Independentbecame known for its unorthodox and campaigning front pages, which frequently relied on images, graphics or lists rather than traditional headlines and written news content. For example, following the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, it used its front page to urge its readers to donate to its appeal fund, and following the publication of theHutton Reportinto the death of British government scientistDavid Kelly,its front page simply carried the word "Whitewash?"[35]In 2003, the paper's editor, Simon Kelner, was named "Editor of the Year" at theWhat the Papers Sayawards, partly in recognition of, according to the judges, his "often arresting and imaginative front-page designs".[36]In 2008, as he was stepping down as editor, he stated that it was possible to "overdo the formula" and that the style of the paper's front pages perhaps needed "reinvention".[37]Under the subsequent editorship ofChris Blackhurst,the campaigning, poster-style front pages were scaled back in favour of more conventional news stories.[38]

Sections

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The weekday, Saturday and Sunday editions ofThe Independentall included supplements and pull-out subsections:

Daily (Monday to Friday)The Independent:

  • "Monday Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports of the previous weekend's sporting events.

Saturday'sThe Independent:

  • "Saturday Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports looking ahead to the weekend's sporting events.
  • "Radar": A compact, primarilylistings magazine,including television schedules, film and DVD reviews and events listings for the coming week. It also includes a round-up of the "50 best" items in a particular category. For example, over the Christmas period there are weekly supplements of "Gifts for him" and "Gifts for her".
  • "Traveller": Contains travel articles and advertisements.
  • "The Independent Magazine": A features magazine including sections on food, interiors and fashion.

The Independent on Sunday:

  • "Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports of Saturday's sporting events.
  • "The New Review": A features magazine.
  • "Arts & Books": A culture supplement.
  • "Rainbow List"An annually-updated list, first published in 2000, then as the" Pink List ", of the most famous and influential people who have declared themselves lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.[39][40]

Online presence

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On 23 January 2008,The Independentrelaunched its online edition.[41][42]The relaunched site introduced a new look, better access to the blog service, priority on image and video content, and additional areas of the site including art, architecture, fashion, gadgets and health. The paper launchedpodcastprogrammes such as "The Independent Music Radio Show", "The Independent Travel Guides", "The Independent Sailing Podcasts", and "The Independent Video Travel Guides". Since 2009, the website has carried short video news bulletins provided by theAl Jazeera Englishnews channel.[43]

In 2014,The Independentlaunched a sister website,i100,a "shareable" journalism site with similarities toRedditandUpworthy.[44]

Political views

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The Independentis generally described ascentrist,[45]centre-left,[46][47]liberal,[3]andliberal-left.[48]When the paper was established in 1986, the founders intended its political stance to reflect the centre of the British political spectrum and thought that it would attract readers primarily fromThe TimesandThe Daily Telegraph.It has been seen as leaning to the left-wing of the political spectrum, making it more a competitor toThe Guardian;however,The Independenttends to take a liberal, pro-market stance on economic issues.[49]TheIndependent on Sundayreferred to itself as a "proudly liberal newspaper".[50]

The paper has highlighted what it refers to aswar crimesbeing committed by pro-government forces in theDarfurregion of Sudan.[51]The paper has been a strong supporter ofelectoral reform.[52]In 1997,The Independent on Sundaylaunched a campaign for the decriminalisation of cannabis. Ten years later, it reversed itself, arguing that skunk, the cannabis strain "smoked by the majority of young Britons" in 2007, had become "25 times stronger thanresinsold a decade ago ".[53]The paper's opinion on theBritish monarchyhas sometimes been described asrepublican,[54]though it officially identifies as reformist, wishing for a reformed monarchy that "reflects the nation over which it reigns and which is accountable to the people for its activities".[55]Originally, it avoided royal stories, Whittam Smith later saying he thought the British press was "unduly besotted" with the Royal Family and that a newspaper could "manage without" stories about the monarchy.[56]

In 2007,Alan Rusbridger,editor ofThe Guardian,said ofThe Independent:"The emphasis on views, not news, means that the reporting is rather thin, and it loses impact on the front page the more you do that".[57]In a 12 June 2007 speech, British Prime MinisterTony BlaircalledThe Independenta "viewspaper", saying it "was started as an antidote to the idea of journalism as views not news. That was why it was called the Independent. Today it is avowedly a viewspaper not merely a newspaper".[58]The Independentcriticised Blair's comments the following day;[59][60]it later changed format to include a "Viewspaper" insert in the centre of the regular newspaper, designed to feature most of the opinion columns and arts reviews. A leader published on the day of the2008 London mayoral electioncompared the candidates and said that, if the newspaper had a vote, it would vote first for theGreen Partycandidate,Siân Berry,noting the similarity between her priorities and those ofThe Independent,and secondly, with "rather heavy heart", for the incumbent,Ken Livingstone.[61]

AnIpsos MORIpoll estimated that in the2010 United Kingdom general election,44% of regular readers votedLiberal Democrat,32% votedLabour,[62]and 14% votedConservative,compared to 23%, 29%, and 36%, respectively, of the overall electorate.[63]On the eve of the 2010 general election,The Independentsupported the Liberal Democrats, arguing that "they are longstanding and convincing champions of civil liberties, sound economics, international co-operation on the great global challenges and, of course, fundamental electoral reform. These are all principles that this newspaper has long held dear."[52]Before the2015 United Kingdom general election,The Independent on Sundaydesisted from advising its readers how to vote, writing that "this does not mean that we are a bloodless, value-free news-sheet. We have always been committed to social justice", but the paper recognised that it was up the readers to "make up [their] own mind about whether you agree with us or not". Rather than support a particular party, the paper urged all its reader to vote as "a responsibility of common citizenship".[64]On 4 May 2015, the weekday version ofThe Independentsaid that a continuation of the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition after the general election would be a positive outcome.[65]

At the end of July 2018,The Independentled a campaign they called the "Final Say", achange.orgpetition by former editorChristian Broughton,for a binding referendum on theBrexitdeal between the UK and the European Union.[66]As of October 2018,Independent Arabiais owned and managed by Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG), a major publishing organisation with close ties to the Saudi royal family, and further news websites ofThe Independentin Persian, Turkish and Urdu run by the same company are planned.[67][needs update]In the2024 United Kingdom general election,The Independentendorsed theLabour Party.[68]

Personnel

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Editors

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The Independent:

1986:Andreas Whittam Smith
1994:Ian Hargreaves
1995:Charles Wilson
1996:Andrew Marr
1998:Rosie Boycott
1998:Andrew MarrandRosie Boycott
1998:Simon Kelner
2008:Roger Alton
2010:Simon Kelner
2011:Chris Blackhurst[69]
2013:Amol Rajan[70]
2016:Christian Broughton[71]
2023:Geordie Greig[72]

The Independent on Sunday:

1990:Stephen Glover
1991:Ian Jack
1995:Peter Wilby
1996:Rosie Boycott
1998:Kim Fletcher
1999:Janet Street-Porter
2002:Tristan Davies
2008:John Mullin
2013:Lisa Markwell

There have also been various guest editors over the years, such asElton Johnon 1 December 2010,The Body Shop'sAnita Roddickon 19 June 2003 andU2'sBonoin 2006.[73][74][75]

Writers and columnists

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Predominantly inThe Independent
This is adynamic listand may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing itemswithreliable sources.
PredominantlyThe Independent on Sunday
This is adynamic listand may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing itemswithreliable sources.

Photographers

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Longford Prize

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The Independentsponsors theLongford Prize,in memory ofLord Longford.[77]

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Independent on Sunday
TypeSunday newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
PublisherIndependent Print Limited
EditorLisa Markwell[78]
Founded1990;34 years ago(1990)
Ceased publication20 March 2016(2016-03-20)
Circulation155,661[79]
Sister newspapers
  • The Independent
  • i(2010–2013)
  • indy100
ISSN0958-1723
OCLCnumber500339994

The Independent on Sunday

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The Independent on Sunday(IoS) was the Sunday sister newspaper ofThe Independent.It ceased to exist in 2016, the last edition being published on 20 March.[24]

Thei

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Main article:i (newspaper)

In October 2010, thei,a compact sister newspaper, was launched. Theiis a separate newspaper but uses some of the same material. It was later sold to regional newspaper companyJohnston Press,becoming that publisher's flagship national newspaper.

Indy100

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The online news site indy100 was announced byThe Independentin February 2016, to be written by journalists but with stories selected by 'upvotes' from readers.[80]

The (RED) Independent

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The Independentsupported U2 lead singer Bono'sProduct REDbrand by creatingThe (RED) Independent,an occasional edition that gave half the day's proceeds to the charity.[81]The first edition was in May 2006. Edited by Bono, it drew high sales.[82]

A September 2006 edition ofThe (RED) Independent,designed by fashion designerGiorgio Armani,drew controversy due to its cover shot, showing modelKate Mossinblackfacefor an article about AIDS in Africa.[83]

Awards and nominations

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The Independentwas awarded "National Newspaper of the Year" for 2003[84][85]and theIndependent on Sundaywas awarded "Front Page of the Year" for 2014's "Here is the news, not the propaganda", printed on 5 October 2014.[84]

In January 2013,The Independentwas nominated for the Responsible Media of the Year award at theBritish Muslim Awards.[86]

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The Independentis regularly referenced in theApple TV+comedyTed Lassoas the employer of recurring character Trent Crimm (James Lance), a sceptical reporter who is very critical of Ted's coaching but touched by his compassion.[87]

See also

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References

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  2. ^abcdRajan, Amol (29 July 2017)."Is the Independent still independent?".BBC News.Archivedfrom the original on 25 October 2022.Retrieved21 June2018.
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