Wikipedia

The Sound of Silence

For other uses, seeThe Sound of Silence (disambiguation).

"The Sound of Silence"(originally"The Sounds of Silence") is a song by the Americanfolk rockduoSimon & Garfunkel,written byPaul Simon.The duo's studio audition of the song led to a record deal withColumbia Records,and the originalacousticversion was recorded in March 1964 atColumbia's 7th Avenue Recording Studiosin New York City for their debut album,Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.,released that October to disappointing sales. An overdubbed electric remix was released the following year and went to number one on the Billboard singles chart.

"The Sound of Silence"
Side-A label of the 1965 U.S. vinyl single
SinglebySimon & Garfunkel
from the albumWednesday Morning, 3 A.M.andSounds of Silence
B-side"We've Got a Groovy Thing Goin'"
ReleasedOctober 19, 1964 (original acoustic version) September 12, 1965(1965-09-12)(overdubbed electric version)
RecordedMarch 10, 1964
StudioColumbia 7th Ave,New York City
GenreFolk rock[1]
Length3:05
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)Paul Simon
Producer(s)Tom Wilson
Simon & Garfunkelsingles chronology
"The Sound of Silence"
(1964) 		"Homeward Bound"
(1966)
Audio
"The Sound of Silence"onYouTube
Alternative release
Artwork for the original 1966 German vinyl single
Artwork for the original 1966 German vinyl single

In 1965, the song began to attract airplay at radio stations inBostonand throughoutFlorida.The growing airplay ledTom Wilson,the song's producer, toremixthe track,overdubbingelectric instruments and drums. This remixed version was released as a single in September 1965. Simon & Garfunkel were not informed of the song's remix until after its release. The remix hit No. 1 on theBillboardHot 100for the week ending January 1, 1966, leading the duo to reunite and hastily record their second album, which Columbia titledSounds of Silencein an attempt to capitalize on the song's success. The remixed single version of the song was included on this follow-up album. Later, it was featured in the 1967 filmThe Graduateand was included on the film'ssoundtrack album.It was additionally released on theMrs. RobinsonEPin 1968, along with three other songs from the film: "Mrs. Robinson","April Come She Will",and"Scarborough Fair/Canticle".

"The Sound of Silence" was a top-ten hit in multiple countries worldwide, among them Australia, Austria, West Germany, Japan and the Netherlands. Since its release, the song was included in later compilations, beginning with the 1972 compilation albumSimon and Garfunkel's Greatest Hits.[2]

Background

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Origin and original recording

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Paul Simon,the song's composer,c. 1966

Simon and Garfunkel had become interested in folk music and the growingcounterculture movementseparately in the early 1960s. Having performed together previously under the name Tom and Jerry in the late 1950s, their partnership had dissolved by the time they began attending college. In 1963, they regrouped and began performing Simon's original compositions locally inQueens.They billed themselves "Kane & Garr", after old recording pseudonyms, and signed up forGerde's Folk City,aGreenwich Villageclub that hosted Monday night performances.[3]In September 1963, the duo's performances caught the attention ofColumbia RecordsproducerTom Wilson,a young African-American jazz musician who was also helping to guideBob Dylan's transition from folk to rock.[4][3][5]Simon convinced Wilson to let him and his partner have a studio audition; their performance of "The Sound of Silence" got the duo signed to Columbia.[6]

The song's origin and basis are unclear, with some thinking that the song commented on theassassination of John F. Kennedy,as the song was recorded three months after the assassination, although Simon & Garfunkel had performed the song live as Kane & Garr two months before the assassination.[7]Simon wrote "The Sound of Silence" when he was 21 years old,[8][9]later explaining that the song was written in his bathroom, where he turned off the lights to better concentrate.[5]"The main thing about playing the guitar, though, was that I was able to sit by myself and play and dream. And I was always happy doing that. I used to go off in the bathroom, because the bathroom had tiles, so it was a slightecho chamber.I'd turn on the faucet so that water would run (I like that sound, it's very soothing to me) and I'd play. In the dark. 'Hello darkness, my old friend / I've come to talk with you again.' "[10]According to Garfunkel, the song was first developed in November 1963, but Simon took three months to perfect the lyrics, which were entirely written on February 19, 1964.[11]Garfunkel, introducing the song at a live performance (with Simon) inHaarlem(Netherlands), in June 1966, summed up the song's meaning as "the inability of people to communicate with each other, and not particularly internationally but especially emotionally, so that what you see around you is people who are unable to love each other."[5]

Garfunkel's college roommate,Sandy Greenberg,wrote in his memoir that the song reflected the strong bond of friendship between Simon and Garfunkel, who had adopted the epithet "Darkness" to empathise with Greenberg's sudden-onset blindness.[12]

To promote the release of their debut album,Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.,released on October 19, 1964,[13]the duo performed again at Folk City, as well as two shows at theGaslight Café,which went over poorly.Dave Van Ronk,a folk singer, was at the performances, and noted that several in the audience regarded their music as a joke.[14]"'Sounds of Silence' actually became a running joke: for a while there, it was only necessary to start singing 'Hello darkness, my old friend... ' and everybody would crack up. "[15]Wednesday Morning, 3 AMsold only 3,000 copies upon its October release, and its dismal sales led Simon to move to London.[16]While there, he recorded a solo album,The Paul Simon Songbook(1965), which features a rendition of the song, titled "TheSoundof Silence "(instead of" TheSoundsof Silence ", as onWednesday Morning, 3 A.M.).[17]

The original recording of the song is inD♯ minor,using the chords D♯m, C♯, B and F♯. Simon plays a guitar with acapoon the sixth fret, using the shapes for Am, G, F and C chords. He provides the lower vocals for harmony while Garfunkel sings the melody.[18]The vocal span goes from C♯3 to F♯4 in the song.[19]

Remix

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The song's heavy airplay inCocoa Beach,Florida, alerted Columbia to release the single.

Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.had been a commercial failure before producerTom Wilsonwas alerted that radio stations had begun to play "The Sound of Silence" in spring 1965. A late-night disc jockey atWBZin Boston began to spin "The Sound of Silence", where it found a college student audience.[20]Those atHarvardandTufts Universityresponded well, and the song made its way down the east coast pretty much "overnight", "all the way to Cocoa Beach, Florida, where it caught the students coming down forspring break."[20]A promotional executive for Columbia went to give away free albums of new artists, and beach-goers were interested only in the artists behind "The Sound of Silence". He phoned the home office in New York, alerting them of its appeal.[21]An alternate version of the story states that Wilson attended Columbia's July 1965 convention inMiami,where the head of the local sales branch raved about the song's airplay.[22]

Folk rock was beginning to make waves on pop radio, with songs such asthe Byrds' "Mr. Tambourine Man"charting high.[23]Wilson listened to the song several times, thinking it too soft for a wide release.[20]He had strong feelings about editing the song with explicit rock overtones.[24]As stated by Geoffrey Himes, "If Columbia Records producer Tom Wilson hadn't taken the initiative, without the singers' knowledge, to dub a rock rhythm section over their folk rendition, the song never would have become a cultural touchstone—a generation's shorthand foralienation."[25]Wilson had also experimented the previous December with overdubbing an electric band over acoustic tracks byBob Dylan;these recordings were never officially released, as Dylan and Wilson opted to record new tracks with a live band for what would become the albumBringing It All Back Home.

On June 15, 1965, following sessions for Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone",Wilson retained guitaristAl Gorgoniand drummerBobby Greggfrom the Dylan sessions, adding guitaristVinnie Belland bassistBob Bushnell.[26]Thetempoon the original recording was uneven, making it difficult for the musicians to keep the song in time.[23]EngineerRoy Haleeemployed a heavy echo on the remix, which was a common trait of the Byrds' hits.[23]The single was first provided to collegeFMrock stations, and a commercial single release followed on September 13, 1965.[22]The lack of consultation with Simon and Garfunkel on the remix was because, although the duo was still contracted to Columbia Records, the duo was no longer a "working entity".[23][27]It was not unusual for producers to add instruments or vocals to previous releases and re-release them as new products.[citation needed]

In the fall of 1965, Simon was in Denmark, performing at small clubs, and picked up a copy ofBillboard,as he had routinely done for several years.[22]Upon seeing "The Sound of Silence" in theBillboardHot 100,he bought a copy ofCashboxand saw the same thing. Several days later, Garfunkel excitedly called Simon to inform him of the single's growing success.[22]A copy of the7-inch singlearrived in the mail the next day, and according to friendAl Stewart,"Paul washorrifiedwhen he first heard it... [when the] rhythm section slowed down at one point so that Paul and Artie's voices could catch up. "[24]Garfunkel was far less concerned about the remix, feeling conditioned to the process of trying to create ahit single:"It's interesting, I suppose it might do something, It might sell," he told Wilson.[28]

Lyrics

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The lyrics of the song are written in five stanzas of seven lines each. Each stanza begins with a couplet describing the setting of the scene, followed by a couplet driving the action forward and another couplet expressing the climactic thought of the verse, and closes with a one-line refrain referring to "the sound of silence". This structure is supported by a melodic contour, where the first and second lines are paired with the arpeggio A-C-E-D and a repeat a step lower, respectively. The arpeggio is then stretched to become C-E-G-A-G and repeated twice in the second couplet. For the last three lines, the contour then leaps from C to the higher A, rises to the higher C, and then falls back to the A before singing the stretched arpeggio in reverse and finally retreating to the lower A.[18]The progress of the lyrics through its five stanzas places the singer into an incrementally increasing tension with an increasingly ambiguous "sound of silence". The irony of using the word "sound" to describe silence in the title lyrics suggests a paradoxical symbolism being used by the singer, which the lyrics of the fourth stanza eventually identifies as "silence like a cancer grows". The "sound of silence" is symbolically taken also to denote the cultural alienation associated with much of the 1960s.[25]

The first stanza presents the singer as taking some relative solace in the peacefulness he associates with "darkness" which is submerged "within" the ambiguous sound of silence.[29]The second stanza has the effect of breaking into the silence with "the flash of a neon light" which leaves the singer "touched" by the enduring ambiguity of the sound of silence. In the third stanza, a "naked light" emerges as a vision of 10,000 people all caught within their own solitude and alienation without any one of them daring to "disturb" the recurring sound of silence.

In the fourth stanza, the singer proclaims in a declarative voice that "silence like a cancer grows," though his words "like silent raindrops fell" without ever being heard against the by now cancerous sound of silence. The fifth stanza appears to culminate with the urgency raised by the declarative voice in the fourth stanza through the apparent triumph of a false "neon god". The false neon god is only challenged when a "sign flashed out its warning" that only the words of the indigent written on "subway walls and tenement halls" could still "whisper" their truth against the recurring and ambiguous form of "the sound of silence".[5]The song has no lyrical bridge or change of key, and was written without any lyrical intro or outro.

Personnel

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(electricoverdubs) personnel

Charts performance

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Charts history

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"The Sound of Silence" first broke in Boston, where it became one of the top-selling singles in early November 1965;[22][30]it spread toMiamiandWashington, D.C.two weeks later, reaching number one in Boston and debuting on theBillboardHot 100.[31]

Throughout the month of January 1966 "The Sound of Silence" had a one-on-one battle withthe Beatles' "We Can Work It Out"for the number one spot on theBillboardHot 100."The Sound of Silence" was number one for the weeks of January 1 and 22 and number two for the intervening two weeks. "We Can Work It Out" held the top spot for the weeks of January 8, 15, and 29, and it was number two for the two weeks that "The Sound of Silence" was number one. Overall, "The Sound of Silence" spent 14 weeks on theBillboardchart.[32]

In the wake of the song's success, Simon promptly returned to the United States to record a new Simon & Garfunkel album at Columbia's request. He later described his experiences learning the song went to number one, a story he repeated in numerous interviews:[33]

I had come back to New York, and I was staying in my old room at my parents' house. Artie was living at his parents' house, too. I remember Artie and I were sitting there in my car one night, parked on a street inQueens,and the announcer [on the radio] said, "Number one, Simon & Garfunkel." And Artie said to me, "That Simon & Garfunkel, they must be having a great time." Because there we were on a street corner [in my car in] Queens, smoking ajoint.We didn't know what to do with ourselves.[34]

For his part, Garfunkel had a different memory of the song's success:

We were in L.A. Our manager called us at the hotel we were staying at. We were both in the same room. We must have bunked in the same room in those days. I picked up the phone. He said, 'Well, congratulations. Next week you will go from five to one inBillboard.' It was fun. I remember pulling open the curtains and letting the brilliant sun come into this very red room, and then orderingroom service.That was good.[33][35]

A cover byPeaches & Herbreached #88 inCanada,July 24, 1971.[36]

Weekly charts

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Certifications

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Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[58] Gold 75,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[59] Platinum 90,000‡
Germany (BVMI)[60] Gold 250,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[61] 2× Platinum 60,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[62] Platinum 60,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[63] Platinum 600,000‡
United States (RIAA)[64] Gold 1,000,000^

^Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Cover by the Bachelors

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The cover by the Irish groupthe Bachelorswas released in 1966. Simon and Garfunkel's version did not chart in either the UK or Ireland, losing out to the Bachelors cover version, whose version peaked at number three in the UK and number nine in Ireland.

Chart performance

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Disturbed version

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"The Sound of Silence"
SinglebyDisturbed
from the albumImmortalized
ReleasedDecember 7, 2015(2015-12-07)
Recorded2015
StudioThe Hideout Recording Studio
Las Vegas,Nevada
GenreSymphonic rock
Length4:08
LabelReprise
Songwriter(s)Paul Simon
Producer(s)Kevin Churko
Disturbedsingles chronology
"The Light"
(2015) 		"The Sound of Silence"
(2015) 		"Open Your Eyes"
(2016)
Music video
"The Sound of Silence"onYouTube

51 years after its original release, a cover version of "The Sound of Silence" was released by Americanheavy metalbandDisturbedon December 7, 2015.[67][68]A music video was also released.[69]Their cover hit number one on theBillboardHard Rock Digital Songs[70]andMainstream Rockcharts,[71]and is their highest-charting song on the Hot 100,[72]peaking at number 42. It is also their highest-charting single in Australia, peaking at number four.David Draimansings it in the key of F♯m. His vocal span goes from F#2 to A4 inscientific pitch notation.[73]

In April 2016, Paul Simon endorsed the cover.[74]Additionally, on April 1, Simon sent Draiman an email praising Disturbed's performance of the rendition on American talk showConan.Simon wrote, "Really powerful performance onConanthe other day. First time I'd seen you do it live. Nice. Thanks. "Draiman responded," Mr. Simon, I am honored beyond words. We only hoped to pay homage and honor to the brilliance of one of the greatest songwriters of all time. Your compliment means the world to me/us and we are eternally grateful. "[75]As of September 2017, the single had sold over 1.5 million digital downloads[76]and had been streamed over 54 million times, estimatedNielsen Music.[77]As of September 2024, the music video has over 1 billion views onYouTube,while the live performance onConanhas over 154 million, making it the most watched YouTube video from the show.[78][79]

Accolades

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Region Year Publication Accolade Rank
United States 2015 Loudwire 20 Best Rock Songs of 2016[80] 1
10 Best Rock Videos of 2016[81] 2

Certifications

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Certifications for "The Sound of Silence" by Disturbed
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[201] 8× Platinum 560,000‡
Austria (IFPIAustria)[202] Platinum 30,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[203] Diamond 800,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[204] Platinum 90,000‡
Germany (BVMI)[205] Diamond 1,000,000‡
Italy (FIMI)[206] Platinum 50,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[207] 5× Platinum 150,000‡
Norway (IFPINorway)[208] 2× Platinum 120,000‡
Poland (ZPAV)[209] 2× Diamond 500,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[210] Gold 30,000‡
Sweden (GLF)[211] 2× Platinum 80,000‡
Switzerland (IFPISwitzerland)[212] Gold 15,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[213] 2× Platinum 1,200,000‡
United States (RIAA)[214] 8× Platinum 8,000,000‡

‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Certifications for "The Sound of Silence" (Cyril Remix) by Disturbed
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Belgium (BEA)[215] Platinum 40,000‡
Canada (Music Canada)[216] Platinum 80,000‡
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[217] 2× Platinum 180,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[218] Gold 15,000‡
Portugal (AFP)[219] Gold 5,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[220] Platinum 60,000‡
Switzerland (IFPISwitzerland)[221] Platinum 30,000‡

‡Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Paul Simon solo versions

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"The Sound of Silence"
Singleby Paul Simon
from the albumPaul Simon in Concert: Live Rhymin'
Released1974(1974)
GenreFolk rock
Length4:21
LabelColumbia Records
Songwriter(s)Paul Simon
Producer(s)Paul Simon
Paul Simon singles chronology
"Take Me to the Mardi Gras"
(1974) 		"The Sound of Silence"
(1974) 		"Gone at Last"
(1975)

Paul Simonreleased a solo acoustic version of "The Sound of Silence" in the spring of 1974. His version reached No. 84 in Canada[51]and No. 97 on the USCash Boxchart.[47]It was also a minor Adult Contemporary hit (US No. 50, Canada No. 42).[52][50]

Simon had previously recorded a solo acoustic version of the song on his debut solo albumThe Paul Simon Songbook,released in 1965 in the UK only, and not widely available in the U.S. until its release as part of a retrospective box set in the 1980s.

Legacy

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In 1999,BMInamed "The Sound of Silence" as the 18th most-performed song of the 20th century.[222]In 2004, it was ranked No. 156 onRolling Stone'slist of the500 Greatest Songs of All Time,one of the duo's three songs on the list. The song is now considered "the quintessential folk rock release".[223]

In 2004, the song was inducted into theGrammy Hall of Fame.[224]

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When directorMike NicholsandSam O'Steenwere editing the 1967 filmThe Graduate,they initially timed some scenes to this song, intending to substitute original music for the scenes. However, they eventually concluded that an adequate substitute could not be found and decided to purchase the rights for the song for the soundtrack. This was an unusual decision, as the song had charted more than a year earlier, and recycling established music for film was not commonly done at the time.[225]

The Canadian bandRushalluded to the song lyrics in the last lines of their 1980 song "The Spirit of Radio".[226]

In 2017, the song re-emerged on Billboard's Hot Rock Songs Chart at no. 6, due to its use in aYouTubevideo andmemeinvolvingBen Affleck's facial expression during an interview about his filmBatman v Superman,dubbed "Sad Affleck."[227]

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Bibliography

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