Wikipedia

Tram-train

This article is abouttramssharing tracks with main-line railways. "Tram-train" can also refer to a train of two or more coupled trams operating on a regular tramway.
"Train-tram" redirects here. For the Siemens-Duewag train-tram, seeRegioSprinter.

Atram-trainis a type oflight railvehicle that both meets the standards of a light rail system, and also national mainline standards. Tramcars are adapted to be capable of running on streets like an urban tramway but also be permitted operation alongside mainlinetrains.This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.[1]

A tram-train on street
Stadtbahnstreet running,inHeilbronn
A tram-train on railway
Stadtbahnon main-line railway
A tram-train on street
Kassel RegioTramdual voltage DC/ACAlstom RegioCitadisnext to aKVGBombardier Flexity Classictram at Königsplatz
A tram-train on railway
Kassel RegioTramdual mode diesel/electricAlstom RegioCitadisapproachingWolfhagenusing diesel power, on main-line railway
A tram-train on street
A "DUO"Combinoon theNordhausenurban tramway, where it is electrically powered via overhead wires.
A tram-train at a railway station
A "DUO"Combinoat Ilfeld station on theHSBrural railway, where it is powered by an onboard diesel engine.
A tram-train on street
Atram-train in Rome,Italy
A tram-train on street
Atram-train in Sassari,Italy

The modern tram-train concept was pioneered by the German city ofKarlsruhein the late 1980s,[2]resulting in the creation of theKarlsruhe Stadtbahn.This concept is often referred to as theKarlsruhe model,[1]and it has since been adopted in other cities such asMulhousein France[1]and inKassel,NordhausenandSaarbrückenin Germany.[2]

An inversion of the concept is atrain-tram– a mainline train adapted to run on-street in an urban tramway, also known as theZwickau Model.

Technology

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The tram-train often is a type ofinterurban[3]— that is, they link separate towns or cities, according to George W. Hilton and John F. Due's definition.[4]

Most tram-trains arestandard gauge,which facilitates sharing track with main-line trains. Exceptions includeAlicante TramandNordhausen,which aremetre gauge.

Tram-train vehicles are dual-equipped to suit the needs of both tram and train operating modes, with support for multiple electrification voltages if required and safety equipment such astrain stopsand other railway signalling equipment. The Karlsruhe andSaarbrückensystems use "PZB"or" Indusi "automatic train protection,so that if the driver passes a signal at a stop the emergency brakes are applied.

History

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The idea is not new; in the early 20th century,interurban streetcarlines often operated on dedicated rights-of-way between towns, while running on street trackage in town. The first interurban to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway inOhio,which opened in 1889. In 1924, inHobart,Australia, sharing of tracks between trams and trains was proposed.[5]

The difference between modern tram-trains and the older interurban and radial railways is that tram-trains are built to meet mainline railway standards, rather than ignoring them. An exception is the United States'River LineinNew Jersey,which runs along freight tracks with time separation; passenger trains run by day, and freight by night.

Existing systems

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Asia

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Japan

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Europe

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Austria

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Denmark

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France

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Germany

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Hungary

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Italy

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Netherlands

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Portugal

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Spain

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United Kingdom

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North America

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Proposed systems

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Africa

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Asia

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Europe

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Oceania

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South America

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Vehicles

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Models of tram designed for tram-train operation include:

Train-tram

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TheZwickau Modelhas main-line lightweight diesel tram-trains running through urban streets.

Europe

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North America

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See also

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References

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  1. ^abcd"Tram-train: Making new connections".tautonline.com.Tramways & Urban Transit.Retrieved28 January2022.
  2. ^ab"Uk tram-train: Learning lessons".tautonline.com.Tramways & Urban Transit.Retrieved28 January2022.
  3. ^"UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Hessen > Kassel Tram / Straßenbahn".
  4. ^Hilton, George Woodman; Due, John Fitzgerald (2000) [1960].The Electric Interurban Railways in America.Stanford University Press. Original preface, 1960 page ix.
  5. ^"TRAMS AND TRAINS".The Mercury.Hobart, Tasmania. 12 February 1924. p. 6.Retrieved21 April2012– via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^"TRAUNSEETRAM - Stern & Hafferl Verkehr".
  7. ^"Aarhus tram-train project gets the go-ahead".Railway Gazette International.10 May 2012.
  8. ^Haydock, David (April 2011). "France's first real tram train".Today's Railways.Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. pp. 37–40.
  9. ^"Tram-Train for Haifa-Nazareth.(Transit News)".Archived fromthe originalon 2014-06-29.
  10. ^"Tram-trains may also run between Debrecen and Oradea in the future".www.debrecen.hu.Retrieved2024-03-03.
  11. ^Place North West (7 January 2019)."Metrolink heads to Stalybridge and Middleton in 2040 expansion".Archivedfrom the original on 1 March 2021.Retrieved30 September2021.
  12. ^"Planovane-modernizacie-elektrickovych-trati-MET-a-Integrovany-dopravny-system-IDS"(PDF).
  13. ^"Agency Strategic Initiative"(PDF).
  14. ^"Jöhet a Szeged-Szabadka tram-train, megjelent a tender – Szegedi hírek".Szeged365(in Hungarian). 2021-12-02.Retrieved2022-01-04.
  15. ^"Szeged-Makó elővárosi közösségi közlekedés vizsgálata - Döntéselőkészítő Tanulmány (Közlekedés - Pro-Urbe - V-Plan - Uvaterv - Unitef)".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-05.Retrieved2012-12-22.
  16. ^Adelaidemetro.com.auArchivedJuly 21, 2008, at theWayback Machine
  17. ^"El tren tranvía ya tiene la firma para arrancar - Cali - Colombia - ELTIEMPO.COM".
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