TheTurkictermoğuzoroğur(inz-andr-Turkic,respectively) is a historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among theTurkic peoples. With theMongol invasionsof 1206–21, the Turkickhaganateswere replaced by Mongol or hybridTurco-Mongolconfederations, where the corresponding military division came to be known asorda.
Background
editThe 8th-centuryKul Tigin stelahas the earliest instance of the term inOld Turkicepigraphy:Toquz Oghuz,the "nine tribes".
Later the word appears often for two largely separate groups of theTurkic migrationin the early medieval period, namely:
The stemuq-, oq-"kin, tribe" is from a Proto-Turkic*uk. The Old Turkic word has often been connected withoq"arrow";[1] Pohl (2002) in explanation of this connection adduces the ChineseT'ang-shuchronicle, which reports: "the khan divided his realm into ten tribes. To the leader of each tribe, he sent an arrow. The name [of these ten leaders] was 'the tenshe',but they were also called 'the ten arrows'. "[2][3] Anoguz(ogur) was in origin a military division of aNomadic empire,which acquired tribal or ethnic connotations, by processes ofethnogenesis.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin,Turkic etymology(Online Etymological Database Project), citing VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 582-583, Егоров 76. Starostin thought the connection with "arrow" was made "erroneously".
- ^the "arrows" connection was first reported byÉdouard Chavannes,Documents sur les Tou-kiue (Turcs) occidentaux,1900.
- ^abWalter Pohl,Die Awaren: ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567-822 n. Chr,C.H.Beck (2002),ISBN978-3-406-48969-3,p. 26-29.
- Karoly Czeglédy,On the Numerical Composition of the Ancient Turkic Tribal Confederations,Acta Orient. Hung., 25 (1972), 275-281.
Further reading
edit- Golden, Peter;Bosworth, C. Edmund(2002)."ḠOZZ".Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XI, Fasc. 2.pp. 184–187.
- Golden, Peter B.(2020)."Oghuz".In Fleet, Kate;Krämer, Gudrun;Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;Rowson, Everett(eds.).Encyclopaedia of Islam(3rd ed.). Brill Online.ISSN1873-9830.