Wikipedia

USSNimitz

USSNimitz(CVN-68)is anaircraft carrierof theUnited States Navy,and thelead shipofher class.One of the largestwarshipsin the world, she was laid down, launched, and commissioned as CVAN-68, "aircraft carrier, attack,nuclear powered",but she was laterredesignatedas CVN-68, "aircraft carrier,multi-mission,nuclear-powered ", on 30 June 1975, as part of afleet-wide realignment that year.

USSNimitz
USSNimitz(CVN-68) off the coast ofSan Diegoin July 2009.
History
United States
NameNimitz
NamesakeChester W. Nimitz
Ordered31 March 1967
BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding
Laid down22 June 1968
Launched13 May 1972
Commissioned3 May 1975
ReclassifiedCVN-68, 30 June 1975
HomeportSan Diego
Identification
MottoTeamwork, a Tradition
Nickname(s)
  • Old Salt
  • Uncle Chester
  • BOHICA
Statusin active service
Badge
General characteristics
Class and typeNimitz-classaircraft carrier
Displacement100,020 long tons (112,020 short tons)[1][2]
Length
  • Overall: 1,092 feet (332.8 m)
  • Waterline: 1,040 feet (317.0 m)
Beam
  • Overall: 252 ft (76.8 m)
  • Waterline: 134 ft (40.8 m)
Draft
  • Maximum navigational: 37 feet (11.3 m)
  • Limit: 41 feet (12.5 m)
Propulsion
Speed31.5knots(58.3 km/h; 36.2 mph)[5]
RangeUnlimited distance; 20–25 years
Complement
  • Ship's company: 3,532
  • Air wing: 2,480
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
ArmorUnknown
Aircraft carried90 fixed wing and helicopters

The ship was named afterWorld War IIPacific fleet commanderChester W. Nimitz,USN, (1885–1966), who was the Navy's thirdfleet admiral.Nimitzhad her homeport atNaval Station Norfolkuntil 1987, when she was relocated toNaval Station BremertoninWashington(now part ofNaval Base Kitsap). Following herRefueling and Complex Overhaulin 2001, her home port was changed toNaval Air Station North IslandinSan Diego County, California.The home port ofNimitzwas again moved toNaval Station Everettin Washington in 2012.

In January 2015,Nimitzchanged home port from Everett back toNaval Base Kitsap.[6]With the inactivation ofUSSEnterprisein 2012 and decommissioning in 2017,Nimitzis now the oldest U.S. aircraft carrier in service, and the oldest serving aircraft carrier in the world.

Construction

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Catherine Nimitz Lay christensNimitzon 13 May 1972

Nimitzwas authorized by theU.S. Congressinfiscal year1967 andNewport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co.inNewport News, Virginia,was awarded the $106.5 million contract (equivalent to $973.17 million today). Thekeelwaslaid downon 22 June 1968. The vessel was christened on 13 May 1972, by Catherine Nimitz Lay, the daughter of the lateAdmiral Nimitz,six years after his death.Nimitzwas delivered to the Navy in 1975, and wascommissionedatNaval Station Norfolkon 3 May 1975, by the 38th President of the United States,Gerald R. Ford.[7]

NimitzCarrier Strike Group

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Nimitzis part ofCarrier Strike Group Eleven (CSG-11)withCarrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW-17)embarked, withNimitzas theflagshipof the strike group and the home of the commander ofDestroyer Squadron 9.

Ships of Destroyer Squadron 9

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Squadrons of CVW-17

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USSNimitzAir Power Demonstration

Service history

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1970s

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Nimitzon her first deployment in 1976 alongside nuclear-powered cruisersCaliforniaandSouth Carolina
Nimitz(right) alongsideHMSArk Royalat Norfolk Naval Station in August 1978

USSNimitzfirst deployed to theMediterranean Seaon 7 July 1976, withCarrier Air Wing 8embarked in company with the nuclear-poweredcruisersUSSSouth CarolinaandUSSCalifornia.In November 1976,Nimitzwas awarded theBattle "E"fromCommander, Naval Air Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet,for being the most efficient and foremost aircraft carrier in the Atlantic Fleet. The cruise was uneventful, and the carrier returned toNorfolk, Virginiaon 7 February 1977.

A second uneventful Mediterranean cruise was conducted from 1 December 1977, to 20 July 1978. The third deployment began on 10 September 1979, to the Mediterranean. The ship moved to the Indian Ocean in response to theIran hostage crisisin which the U.S. Embassy inTehran,Iran,was overtaken and 52 hostages were held. Prior to this trip, the ship took part in the shooting of the 1980 filmThe Final Countdown,whose story was specifically set aboard theNimitz.After four months on station,Operation Evening Lightwas launched fromNimitz's decks in an attempt to rescue the U.S. Embassy staff. The mission was aborted after a helicopter crashed at a refueling point in the Iranian desert. The ship returned home 26 May 1980, having spent 144 days at sea.

1980s

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On 26 May 1981, aMarine CorpsEA-6B Prowlerassigned toCarrier Air Wing 8(CVW-8) crashed on the flight deck, killing 14 crewmen and injuring 45 others.[8]The Prowler was fuel-critical after a "bolter" (missed approach), and its crash and the subsequent fire and explosions destroyed or damaged nineteen other aircraft.[9][10]Autopsies showed later that the pilot had had six times the normal level of the stimulantbrompheniraminein his blood.[11] Despite having no connection to the accident, the media focused on the autopsy results of several members of theNimitz's enlisted flight deck crew who were killed, whotested positiveformarijuana.In an article by Robert Reinhold in the 17 June 1981, edition ofThe New York Times,it was reported that "Experts at the National Institute on Drug Abuse say that it would probably be impossible to establish conclusively that any of the Nimitz crew had been smoking marijuana on the night of the crash because the test does not directly detect the component of marijuana smoke that acts on the brain. Because the metabolites may persist in the blood for many days, the test may detect marijuana that was used many days earlier long after the effects have worn off".[12]As a result, PresidentRonald Reaganinstituted a"Zero Tolerance" drug policyacross all of the U.S. armed services, which started the mandatory drug testing of all U.S. military personnel.[13]

Wreck of an EA-6B Prowler after it crashed during a night landing, 1981

Nimitzdeployed again to the Mediterranean on 3 August 1981. The ship, in company withUSSForrestal,conducted aFreedom of Navigationexercise in international waters in theGulf of SidranearLibyaon 18 and 19 August 1981. On the morning of 19 August 1981, twoGrumman F-14 TomcatsofVF-41were engaged by two LibyanSu-22s,resulting in the two Libyan aircraft being shot down in what became known as theGulf of Sidra incident.

Nimitz's fourth deployment, from 10 November 1982, to 20 May 1983, was to theCaribbean Seaand the Mediterranean Sea.Nimitzdeployed for a fifth time on 8 March 1985. On 14 June 1985, two Lebanese gunmen hijackedTWA Flight 847,which carried 153 passengers and crew and included Americans. In response,Nimitzwas deployed to the coast ofLebanon,where the ship remained until August 1985. The embarked Airwing 8 flew continuous sorties for 67 days, bombing several sites inBeirutincluding the runways ofBeirut Rafic Hariri International Airport.The ship returned to Norfolk on 4 October 1985.

Nimitz,again with CVW-8 embarked, departed Norfolk for the sixth and final Mediterranean deployment on 30 December 1986. After four months and numerous Mediterranean port visits, the carrier crossed the equator en route toRio de Janeiro.From Rio de Janeiro, she proceeded south aroundCape Hornand into thePacific Ocean.After a brief stop inSan Diego,to offload the East Coast air wing,Nimitzarrived at her new home port ofBremerton, Washington,on 2 July 1987.

Nimitzdeployed to the Western Pacific withCarrier Air Wing 9embarked on 2 September 1988. During the1988 Olympic GamesinSeoul,Nimitzprovided security off the coast ofSouth Korea,then in October, operated in theNorth Arabian Seaparticipating inOperation Earnest Will,the protection of reflaggedKuwaititankers. On 30 November 1988, while in the Arabian Sea, a 20 mm cannon accidentally fired during maintenance, striking aKA-6 Intruder.The ensuing fire spread to six other aircraft, and two sailors were killed.Nimitzreturned to Bremerton on 2 March 1989.

1990s

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On 25 February 1991,Nimitzdeparted Bremerton for thePersian Gulfin relief ofUSSRangerin the aftermath ofOperation Desert Storm,returning to Bremerton on 24 August 1991.Nimitzagain deployed to the Persian Gulf on 1 February 1993, in support ofOperation Southern Watch,returning on 1 August 1993.

Nimitz(left) cruising withIndependenceandPort Royalin theSea of Japanin September 1997

On 27 November 1995,Nimitzdeployed to the Western Pacific, Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf with Carrier Air Wing Nine (CVW-9). In March 1996, the ship patrolled the waters offTaiwanamidmissile tests conducted by the Chinesein the area, becoming the first American warship to pass through theTaiwan Straitsince 1976.Nimitzalso cruised the Persian Gulf in support of Southern Watch prior to returning from deployment on 20 May 1996.

Between 14 and 24 July 1997,Nimitzparticipated in Joint Task Force Exercise 97-2 (JTFEX 97–2) off the coast of southern California, which also served as a "Revolution in Strike Warfare" demonstration. The latter event was designed to demonstrate the capability of an aircraft carrier and an embarked air wing to project carrier-based airpower into littoral warfare.[7]On 20 July 1997,Nimitzand Carrier Air Wing Nine began a high-intensity strike campaign. When flight operations were completed four days later,Nimitzand Carrier Air Wing Nine had carried out 771 strike sorties while dropping 1,337 bombs on target. Carrier Air Wing Nine flew 975 fixed-wing sorties during this four-day surge operation. Almost 80 percent of the sorties flown were strike sorties, with strike support accounting for another 10 percent.F/A-18 Hornet strike fightersflew nearly 80 percent of the strike sorties. Of the 771 strike sorties, 727 were loaded with ordnance, while 44 were electronic support byEA-6B Prowlers.During this four-day period, only a portion of the medium-range interdiction strikes required tanking support.KC-135andKC-130tanker aircraft provided most of this support.S-3 Vikingsconducted recovery tanking and supplied more than one-third of the fuel passed to Carrier Air Wing Nine aircraft during this surge operation.[14][15]This surge had been preceded by a 16-hour preparation after undergoing four days that had generated about 700 fixed-winged sorties.[15][16]A following study by theCenter for Naval Analysesdetermined thatNimitzand Carrier Air Wing Nine could have maintained this high-sortie operational tempo for another twelve to twenty-four hours before requiring equipment maintenance, rest for the crews while ordnance and aviation fuel stocks to be replenished.[17]

On 1 September 1997,Nimitzbegan an around the world cruise, again supporting Southern Watch, which ended inNewport News, Virginiaon 2 March 1998. She next spent the next three years undergoing a nuclear Refueling and Complex Overhaul that ended on 25 June 2001.

2000s

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Monitor showing data aboutNimitz
Lt. Cmdr. David Bynum, a Navy chaplain aboardNimitz,passes out happy face sponge balls to the students of CSI High School for the Deaf inChennai,India during a community relations visit in July 2007

On 21 September 2001,[18]after sea trials in the Virginia Capes,Nimitzbegan to transit around South America to the new home port ofNAS North IslandinSan Diego,California,arriving there on 13 November 2001. Aircraft fromCarrier Air Reserve Wing 20were embarked for the transit. From January to May 2002, a four-month post-shakedown maintenance availability was completed at North Island; during this timeAdvanced combat direction systemwas installed.

Nimitz's eleventh operational deployment began on 3 March 2003.[19]The group relievedUSSAbraham Lincolnin the Persian Gulf in mid-April 2003, launchingCarrier Air Wing 11aircraft sorties overIraqin support ofOperation Iraqi Freedom(OIF) andAfghanistanin support ofOperation Enduring Freedom(OEF). She returned to San Diego on 5 November 2003.Nimitzand CVW-11 were awarded the 2003 Battle "E"[20]andFlatley Awardin early 2004.[21]

In November 2004,Nimitzwas contacted byUSSPrinceton,which was tracking reportedunidentified flying objects.Princetonsubsequently contacted two Navy F/A-18F fighters fromNimitzwhose cockpit instrumentation recorded data and imagery that some pilots interpreted asan object accelerating and maneuvering at extraordinary speeds.The incident was publicized in December 2017 along with details of theAdvanced Aviation Threat Identification Program.[22]

Nimitz,again with CVW-11 embarked, deployed to thePersian Gulfon 7 May 2005, returning on 8 November 2005.[23]This deployment marked three decades of service, and was depicted in theEmmyaward-winning 2008PBSdocumentary seriesCarrier.[24]In June 2006,Nimitzwas awarded the 2005 Battle "E".[25]

The carrier departed North Island for her thirteenth deployment on 2 April 2007, to the Arabian Sea, relievingUSSDwight D. Eisenhowerin support of OIF.[26]The carrier anchored offChennai,India on 2 July 2007, as part of efforts to expand bilateral defense cooperation between India and the United States.[27]Sailors participated in community work in Chennai prior to departing, on 5 July 2007, along with the destroyerUSSPinckneytowards the Persian Gulf, and then returned to North Island on 30 September 2007.[28]

On 24 January 2008,Nimitzdeployed to the Pacific for a "surge" -deployment.[29]On 9 February 2008, two RussianTu-95 'Bear'bombers overflew the carrier in the Western Pacific.[30]Four F/A-18C Hornets were launched when the bombers were 500 miles (800 km) away from the US ships, and intercepted the bombers 50 miles (80 km) south ofNimitz.Two F/A-18s trailed one of the bombers, which twice flew over the deck of the carrier at an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 m), while the other two F/A-18s trailed another Tu-95 circling about 50 miles (80 km) away from the carrier. Reportedly, there was no radio communication between the American and Russian aircraft. According to theDepartment of Defense,one of the two aircraft was said to have flown aboveNimitzat an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 m). On the same day, Russian aircraft entered Japanese airspace, which caused the Japanese to raise protest to the Russian ambassador in Tokyo.[31]

Again, on 5 March 2008, a Russian bomber came within 3 to 5 nautical miles (6 to 9 km) and flew 2,000 feet (610 m) aboveNimitz,and the battle group. Two F/A-18 fighters intercepted the Russian aircraft and escorted it out of the area.[30]

Nimitzwas awarded the Navy Battle "E" for battle efficiency for 2007 along with the Ney award for food service excellence, and returned to her home port of San Diego on 3 June 2008.

TheNimitzStrike Group, including CVW-11, departed the States for a scheduled Western Pacific deployment on 31 July 2009,[32]and began to fly combat missions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom 21 September.[33]

2010s

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AnMV-22 OspreyofVMM-165lands onNimitzin October 2012

In January 2010, while in the Persian Gulf, the ship was awarded theMeritorious Unit Commendationfor back-to-back deployments in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2007 and 2008. The award was presented by AdmiralGary Rougheadin a ceremony on the ship on 6 January 2010.[34]

NimitzvisitedHong Kongfor five days in February 2010 to allow the crew to rest and visit the city. The visit occurred despite China previously preventing a visit by the carrierUSSKitty Hawk.[35][36]

On 9 December 2010, the Navy formally announced thatEverett, Washingtonwas to be the new home port forNimitz.[37]This move was expected to save the Navy $100 million.[38]On 9 March 2012,Nimitzarrived at her new homeport of Naval Station Everett after spending nearly a week at sea conducting post overhaul sea trials.[39]

In March 2012,Nimitzarrived at the new home port ofNaval Station EverettinWashington stateafter more than a year of maintenance work in Bremerton, replacing sister carrier,Abraham Lincoln.[40]On 3 August 2012,Nimitzdeparted from Pearl Harbor after a two-day port call, arriving at NAS North Island on 9 August 2012, to beginFleet Replacement Squadroncarrier qualifications.[18]On 6 October 2012, aBell Boeing V-22 Ospreytilt-rotor aircraft from squadronVMM-165landed and refueled on boardNimitz.This operation was part of an evaluation of the feasibility of the MV-22 as a potential replacement for theC-2 Greyhoundcarrier onboard delivery(COD) cargo transport aircraft.[41][42]

AC-2 GreyhoundofVRC-30and anF-35C Lightning IIofVX-23ready for launching fromNimitzin November 2014; a second F-35C and anF/A-18F Super Hornetsit behind the catapults
Inflatable boat approachesNimitzduring a search-and-rescue drill.

The BBC reported thatNimitzwas located in the Persian Gulf, ready to contribute to an operation against Syria when President Obama ordered a military strike. Two days later it was reported that the carrier task group had been re-routed westwards across the Arabian Sea.[43][44]

It was reported thatNimitz,after eight months at sea, transited the Suez Canal on 20 October 2013, into the U.S. 6th Fleet area of responsibility, where the Navy intended to keep her for a few weeks conducting joint training with allied nations before returning home.[45][46]Nimitzreturned to Everett on 16 December 2013.[47]

In late 2014, following the completion of work up qualifications,Nimitzparticipated in her first deployment, a two-week multi-national fleet exercise involving theThird Fleet,as well as ships from theRoyal Canadian NavyandJMSDF.[48]Following the conclusion of the exercise, on 3 November the firstF-35C Lightning IIto land on an aircraft carrier recovered aboardNimitzto begin a two-week Development Testing I deployment. This saw a pair of aircraft fromVX-23undertaking carrier operations of launch, recovery and handling aboard ship in both day and night conditions.[49][50]The initial deployment was completed on 14 November 2014.[51]In 2015,Nimitztransferred to Bremerton to undergo a 16-month maintenance cycle.[52]

On 1 June 2017,NimitzleftNaval Base Kitsapfor her next scheduled deployment.[53]This deployment was againstISISin Iraq and Syria. Her F/A-18s played an important role in theBattle of Tal Afar,providing precision air support for advancing Iraqi soldiers.[54]

On 1 March 2018,Nimitzentereddry dockatPuget Sound Naval Shipyardfor ten months of overhaul.[55]

2020s

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USSNimitzentersApra Harbor,Guam in June 2020

COVID-19 pandemic

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Main article:COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships

In April 2020, thecoronaviruswas reported to have spread toNimitzwhen the first case was reported on 7 April.[56][57]One sailor had received a positive result the previous week after exhibiting symptoms, and was subsequently placed in isolation and removed from the ship.[56]Another crew member also tested positive, but was reported to have not been working on the ship.[57]On 27 April,Nimitzcompleted a 27-day quarantine and beganCOMPTUEXtraining.[58]

On 5 July 2020, the ship was deployed in theSouth China Seaalong withUSSRonald Reagan.On 31 December, actingSecretary of DefenseChris MillerorderedNimitzto return directly to her home port following a nearly ten-month deployment in theFifth Fleetarea of operation.[59]The carrier was at the time supporting the withdrawal of U.S. troops in Somalia along withUSSMakin Islandand heramphibious ready group.[60]

On 3 January 2021, in an abrupt reversal, acting Defense Secretary Miller orderedNimitzto redeploy due to "Recent threats issued by Iranian leaders against President Trump and other U.S. government officials."[61]

In May 2022,NimitzledCarrier Strike Group 11in theEastern Pacific Ocean.[62]On 28 November 2022,NimitzdepartedKitsapand sailed toSan Diegoto pick up the carrier strike group leadership.[63]She left San Diego on 3 December, for her Pacific deployment leadingCarrier Strike Group 11and embarkingCarrier Air Wing 17.[64]

On 21 January 2023, she made a port call toSingapore.The carrier departed Singapore on 26 January.[65]On 26 February 2023,Nimitzmade a port call inGuam.[66]She arrived atBusanfor a scheduled port visit on 28 March.[67]Nimitzlogged her 350,000th arrested landing on 22 April.[68]On 24 April,Nimitzarrived inLaem Chabang,Thailand for a scheduled port visit.[69]She returned to homeport on 2 July.[70]

Planned retirement

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TheNimitz-class carriers have a lifespan of approximately 50 years. Estimates on decommissioning forNimitzherself were updated in April 2022, with the Navy Press Corps indicating that, “USSNimitz(CVN 68) is planned to be removed from the battle force in fiscal year (FY) 2025, when the ship's Terminal Off-load Program begins, with inactivation scheduled to begin in 2027.”[71]

Overhauls

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  • October 1975 to December 1975 – Post Shakedown Availability
  • May 1977 to July 1977 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • October 1978 to January 1979 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • October 1980 to January 1981 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • April 1982 to June 1982 – Selected Restricted Availability – waist catapult bridle catcher removed.
  • June 1983 to July 1984 – Complex Overhaul – forward portsponsonadded; 3 Mk-25 BPDMs replaced with 2 Mk-29; 3 CIWS added; SPS-49 search radar replaces SPS-43.
  • November 1985 to March 1986 – Selected Restricted Availability – forward port sponson changed/enlarged.
  • August 1987 to February 1988 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • August 1989 to March 1990 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • October 1991 to May 1992 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • December 1993 to January 1995 – Selected Restricted Availability – port bow catapult bridle catcher removed.
  • June 1996 to January 1997 – Selected Restricted Availability
  • May 1998 to June 2001 – Refueling and Complex Overhaul – starboard bow catapult bridle catcher removed; top two levels of the island replaced; new antenna mast; new radar tower; RAM replaced CIWS at forward port sponson; RAM added to aft starboard sponson; 2 CIWS at island/stern removed.
  • February 2004 to August 2004 – Planned Incremental Availability – catwalk grating was replaced and flight deck resurfaced.
  • March 2006 to September 2006 – Planned Incremental Availability
  • July 2008 to January 2009 – Planned Incremental Availability
  • November 2010 to March 2012 – Planned Incremental Availability – 2 CIWS added to forward starboard sponson enlargement/new port stern sponson.
  • January 2015 to October 2016 – Planned Incremental Availability
  • March 2018 to (approximately) May 2019 – Docked Planned Incremental Availability

Awards and decorations

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Navy Unit Commendationwith twostars Meritorious Unit Commendation Navy E Ribbonwith
four Battle "E" devices
Navy Expeditionary Medal
with six stars 		National Defense Service Medal
with one star 		Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
with fourstars
Southwest Asia Service Medal Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
with one star 		Sea Service Deployment Ribbon
with eleven stars
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The Final Countdown,a 1980 alternate history science fiction film about a contemporary aircraft carrier that travels through time to the day before the 1941attack on Pearl Harbor,was set and filmed on board the real-life USSNimitz.[72]

Nimitzis the focus ofThe Big Aircraft CarrierinLittle Mammoth Media'sBIG Adventure Series.In it, they talk how the navy ship works for children including a complete tour of the carrier, how the sailors and pilots work and even all the training they undertake.[73]

ThePBSseriesCarrierfollowed the May–November 2005 deployment ofNimitzto the Persian Gulf, documenting the life and shipboard routines of the crew over 10 episodes.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Polmar, Norman (2004).The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. fleet.Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 112.ISBN978-1-59114-685-8.
  2. ^"CVN-68: NIMITZ CLASS"(PDF).
  3. ^Kuperman, Alan; von Hippel, Frank (10 April 2020)."US Study of Reactor and Fuel Types to Enable Naval Reactors to Shift from HEU Fuel".International Panel on Fissile Materials.Archivedfrom the original on 5 October 2021.Retrieved26 February2022.
  4. ^Hanlon, Brendan Patrick (19 May 2015).Validation of the Use of Low Enriched Uranium as a Replacement for Highly Enriched Uranium in US Submarine Reactors(PDF)(MSc).Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Archived(PDF)from the original on 9 October 2021.Retrieved26 February2022.
  5. ^Slade, Stuart (29 April 1999)."Speed Thrills III – Max speed of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers".NavWeaps.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2010.Retrieved10 January2012.
  6. ^"Nimitz finally arrives for long maintenance period".Kitsap Sun. 13 January 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 7 October 2015.Retrieved16 September2015.
  7. ^ab"Nimitz".Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.Navy Department,Naval History and Heritage Command.8 May 2009.Retrieved28 April2015.
  8. ^Anderson, Kurt; Beaty, Jonathan (8 June 1981)."Night of Flaming Terror".Time.Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2009.Retrieved2 October2008.
  9. ^"ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 77226".Aviation Safety Network.Archivedfrom the original on 10 December 2017.Retrieved20 December2016.
  10. ^Gero, David (1999).Military Aviation Disasters.Yeovil, UK: Patrick Stephens, an Inprint of Haynes Publishing. pp. 131–132.ISBN1-85260-574-X.
  11. ^Raphael C. Wong and Harley Y. Tse,Drugs of Abuse: Body Fluid Testing(Humana Press, 2005) p3
  12. ^Reinhold, Robert (17 June 1981)."Congressman Says Most Killed in Nimitz Crash Showed Traces of Drugs".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 10 August 2017.Retrieved30 November2017.
  13. ^Ackerman, D. L. (1991). "A History of Drug Testing". In Coombs, Robert H.; West, Louis Jolyon (eds.).Drug testing: Issues and options.Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp.3–21.ISBN978-0-1950-5414-9.
  14. ^Jewell, Angelyn; et al."USSNimitzand Carrier Airwing Nine Surge Demonstration "(PDF).Alexandria, Virginia:Center for Naval Analyses.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 19 October 2013.Retrieved18 July2012,pp 3–5
  15. ^abPritchett, Raymond (blogging as Galrahn) (27 August 2009)."The Monster Myths of the CVL Concept".United States Naval Institute.Archivedfrom the original on 27 April 2011.Retrieved20 July2011.
  16. ^Jewell, Angelyn et al., pp. 5–6.
  17. ^Jewell, Angelyn et al., pp. 146–149.
  18. ^ab"USS NIMITZ CVN 68".US Carriers.Archivedfrom the original on 27 April 2015.Retrieved28 April2015.
  19. ^DeHoux, Kristine (7 April 2003)."NimitzCarrier Strike Group Joins Others Deployed to 5th Fleet "(Press release). USSNimitz,at sea: USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  20. ^Arendes, Ahron (19 April 2004)."NimitzEarns Coveted Battle "E""(Press release). North Island, California: USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  21. ^Arendes, Ahron (3 June 2004)."Nimitz,CVW-11 Win 2003 Flatley Award "(Press release). North Island, California: USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  22. ^Cooper, Helene; Kean, Leslie; Blumenthal, Ralph (16 December 2017)."2 Navy Airmen and an Object That 'Accelerated Like Nothing I've Ever Seen'".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 17 December 2017.Retrieved17 December2017.
  23. ^Commander, U.S. Third Fleet Public Affairs (9 May 2005)."USSNimitzStrike Group Deploys "(Press release). San Diego, California. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  24. ^Riveracorrea, Alexia M. (23 April 2008)."NimitzHighlighted in PBS TV Series and Premiere "(Press release). North Island, California: Fleet Public Affairs Center, Pacific. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 26 June 2008.Retrieved2 August2012.
  25. ^Crosser, Felix (9 June 2006)."NimitzNamed Best in Pacific Fleet "(Press release). San Diego, California: USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  26. ^NimitzCarrier Strike Group Public Affairs (22 May 2007)."NimitzCarrier Strike Group Arrives in 5th Fleet "(Press release). USSNimitz,at sea: US Navy. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 12 September 2007.Retrieved30 May2010.
  27. ^"USSNimitznot known to be carrying nuke warheads ".The Times of India.New Delhi, India. 26 June 2007.Archivedfrom the original on 6 January 2014.Retrieved28 April2015.
  28. ^Diaz, Dustin Q. (2 October 2007)."NimitzReturns to San Diego Following Successful Deployment "(Press release). San Diego, California: USS Nimitz Public Affairs. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 4 June 2011.Retrieved30 May2010.
  29. ^Commander, U.S. 3rd Fleet Public Affairs (18 January 2008)."NimitzCarrier Strike Group Set to Deploy "(Press release). San Diego, California. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 22 January 2008.Retrieved10 January2012.{{cite press release}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ab"Russian bomber intercepted near U.S. ship".MSNBC.Reuters. 5 March 2008.Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2008.Retrieved6 March2008.[failed verification]
  31. ^Nizza, Mike (12 February 2008)."U.S. Carrier Intercepts Russian Bombers".Archivedfrom the original on 14 December 2014.Retrieved16 September2015.
  32. ^Commander, U.S. 3rd Fleet Public Affairs (28 July 2009)."NimitzStrike Group Set To Deploy "(Press release). San Diego, California. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 3 August 2009.Retrieved10 January2012.{{cite press release}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^USSNimitzand USSRonald ReaganPublic Affairs (21 September 2009)."USSNimitzLaunches First Sorties, Support Coalition Troops in Afghanistan "(Press release). Gulf of Oman. Navy News Service.Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2009.Retrieved10 January2012.
  34. ^Liewer, Steve (12 January 2010)."Meritorious Unit Honor Presented ToNimitzCrew ".San Diego Union-Tribune.
  35. ^"China decries Barack Obama's plan to meet Dalai Lama".BBC News.12 February 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 13 February 2010.Retrieved2 March2010.
  36. ^"Chiến hạm Hoa Kỳ ghé Hong Kong cùng lúc đức Đạt Lai Lạt Ma tới Hoa Kỳ"[US warships visit Hong Kong at the same time the Dalai Lama to the United States] (in Vietnamese). Archived fromthe originalon 21 February 2010.
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