TheUnited Provinces of Central Italy(Italian:Province Unite del Centro Italia), also known as theConfederation of Central ItalyorGeneral Government of Central Italy,was a short-livedmilitary governmentestablished in 1859 by theKingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.It was formed by a union of the formerGrand Duchy of Tuscany,theDuchy of Parma,theDuchy of Modena,and thePapal Legations,after theSecond Italian War of Independence.
United Provinces of Central Italy Province Unite del Centro Italia(Italian) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1859–1860 | |||||||||||||||
 Coat of arms
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 The United Provinces of Central Italy (green) | |||||||||||||||
| Status | Client state of theKingdom of Sardinia | ||||||||||||||
| Capital | Modena | ||||||||||||||
| Common languages | |||||||||||||||
| Government | Military government | ||||||||||||||
•King | Victor Emmanuel II | ||||||||||||||
• Governor General | Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello | ||||||||||||||
• Appointed Regent | Eugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignano | ||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Late modern | ||||||||||||||
• Revolution | 8 December 1859 | ||||||||||||||
• Annexation | 22 March 1860 | ||||||||||||||
| Currency | Sardinian lira,Tuscan florin | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Italy | ||||||||||||||
After August 1859, the pro-Piedmontese regimes ofTuscany,Parma,Modenaand thePapal Legationsagreed to several military treaties. On 7 November 1859, they electedEugenio Emanuele di Savoia-Carignanoas their regent.
The peace of theTreaty of Zürichhad left the question of the United Provinces unsettled.[1]This led to a period of negotiations and eventually to theTreaty of Turinin 1860. During this time,Napoleon IIIfaced pressure from Austria through their ambassadorRichard von Metternichto halt Sardinian expansion[2]and restoreFerdinand IV(who had been deposed) as Grand Duke of Tuscany. Ferdinand was a cousin of Austrian emperorFranz Joseph I.[2]The Austrians viewed Savoia-Carignano, a member of the same dynasty asVictor Emmanuel II,as presenting an unacceptable risk of promoting annexation by Sardinia.[3][3]At the urging of Napoleon III, Victor Emmanuel II refused to allow Savoia-Cariagnano to accept a position of leadership in Tuscany,[3]instead sendingCarlo Bon Compagni[4]as theGovernor General of Central Italy,and making him responsible for the diplomatic and military affairs of the states.
On 8 December 1859,Parma,Modenaand thePapal Legationswere incorporated into the Royal Provinces ofEmilia.Afterplebisciteswere held during March 1860, andFrancewas grantedNiceandSavoy,the territory of the United Provinces of Central Italy was annexed formally toPiedmont-Sardinia,on 22 March 1860 following the resignation of Bon Compagni on 3 March.
See also
editReferences
edit- Barker, Nancy Nichols(1967).Distaff Diplomacy.University of Texas Press.LCCN67-30910.
- States and Regents of the World
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- ^Barker 1967,p. 49.
- ^abBarker 1967,p. 49–59.
- ^abcBarker 1967,p. 58.
- ^Barker 1967,p. 58–5 9.