TheIvan Franko National University of Lviv(Ukrainian:Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка,romanized:Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a public university inLviv,Ukraine.
Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка | |
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Latin:Universitas Leopoliensis | |
Former names | Universität Lemberg Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza (John CasimirUniversity) |
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Motto in English | Educated citizens – glory of the Motherland |
Type | Public |
Established | 20 January 1661 |
Founder | King of Poland John II Casimir Vasa |
President | Volodymyr Melnyk[1] |
Students | 11,649 |
Location | , |
Specialty programs | 111 |
Colors | Blueandgold |
Website | https://www.lnu.edu.ua/en/ |
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University rankings | |
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Global – Overall | |
QSWorld[2] | 1201-1400 (2023) |
THEWorld[3] | 1201–1500th (2023) |
Regional – Overall | |
QSEmerging Europe and Central Asia[4] | 191 (2022) |
The university is the oldest institution[citation needed]of higher learning in continuous operation in present-dayUkraine,dating from 1661 whenJohn II Casimir,King of Poland,granted it its first royal charter. Over the centuries, it has undergone various transformations, suspensions, and name changes that have reflected the geopolitical complexities of this part ofEurope.The present institution can be dated to 1940. It is located in the historic city of Lviv inLviv OblastofWestern Ukraine.
History
editPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
editThe university was founded on 20 January 1661, when KingJohn II Casimirin Polish Jan II Kazimierz Waza of Poland granted a charter to the city'sJesuitCollegium, founded in 1608, giving it "the honor of an academy and the title of a university". In 1589, the Jesuits had tried to found a university earlier, but did not succeed. Establishing another seat of learning in theKingdom of Polandwas seen as a threat by the authorities ofKraków'sJagiellonian University,which did not want a rival and stymied the Jesuits' plans for the following years.
According to theTreaty of Hadiach(1658), anOrthodoxRuthenianacademy was to be created inKyivand another one in an unspecified location. The Jesuits suspected that it would be established in Lwów/Lviv on the foundations of theOrthodox Brotherhood's school, and used this as a pretext for obtaining a royal mandate that elevated their college to the status of an academy (no city could have two academies).[5][6]King John II Casimir was a supporter of the Jesuits and his stance was crucial. The original royal charter was subsequently confirmed by another decree issued inCzęstochowaon 5 February 1661.
In 1758, KingAugustus IIIissued a decree, which described the Collegium as an academy, equal in fact status to theJagiellonian University,with two faculties, those ofTheologyandPhilosophy.
Austrian rule
editIn 1772, the city of Lwów was annexed byAustria(see:Partitions of Poland). Its German name wasLembergand hence that of the university. In 1773 theSuppression of the Society of Jesusby Rome (Dominus ac Redemptor) was soon followed by the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which meant that the university was excluded from theCommission of National Educationreform. It was renamedTheresianumby the Austrians, i.e. a State Academy. On 21 October 1784, the Austrian EmperorJoseph IIsigned an act of foundation of a secular university.[7]He began to Germanise the institution by bringing German-speaking professors from various parts of the empire. The university now had four faculties. To theology and philosophy were added those oflawandmedicine.Latin was the official language of the university, with Polish and German as auxiliary. Literary Slaveno-Rusyn (Ruthenian/Ukrainian) of the period had been used in the Studium Ruthenium (1787–1809), a special institute of the university for educating candidates for the Uniate (Greek-Catholic) priesthood.[8]
In 1805, the university was closed, as Austria, then involved in theNapoleonic wars,did not have sufficient funds to support it. Instead, it operated as a high school. The university was reopened in 1817.[7]Officially Vienna described it as an "act of mercy", but the actual reasons were different. The Austrian government was aware of the pro-Polish stance of the Russian EmperorAlexander Iand the Austrians wanted to challenge it. However, the quality of the university's education was not considered high. Latin was replaced by German and most professors were regarded as ''mediocre''. The few good ones regarded their stay in Lemberg as a springboard to other centres.[citation needed]
In 1848, when the pan-European revolution reached Lemberg (see:Revolutions of 1848), students of the university created two organizations: "The Academic Legion" and "the Academic Committee" both of which demanded that the university bePolonized.The government in Vienna answered with force, and on 2 November 1848, the centre of the city was shelled by the troops led by General Hammerstein striking the buildings of the university, especially its library. A curfew was called and the university was temporarily closed. Major demand for Ukrainians was the education of teachers and promotion of Ukrainian culture through Ukrainian courses at the university and to this end, a committee for the Defense of Ukrainian Education was created.[9]: 58
It was reopened in January 1850, with only limited autonomy. After a few years the Austrians relented and on 4 July[citation needed]1871 Vienna declared Polish and Ruthenian (Ukrainian) as the official languages at the university.[10]Eight years later this was changed. The Austrian authorities declared Polish as the main teaching medium with Ruthenian and German as auxiliary. Examinations in the two latter languages were possible as long as the professors used them. This move created unrest among the Ruthenians (Ukrainians), who were demanding equal rights. In 1908, a Ruthenian student of the philosophy faculty,Miroslaw Siczynski,had assassinated the Polish governor ofGalicia,Andrzej Kazimierz Potocki .[citation needed]
Meanwhile, the University of Lemberg thrived, being one of two Polish language universities in Galicia, the other one was the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Its professors were famous across Europe, with such renowned names asWladyslaw Abraham,Oswald Balzer,Szymon Askenazy,Stanislaw Zakrzewski,Zygmunt Janiszewski,Kazimierz Twardowski,Benedykt Dybowski,Marian SmoluchowskiandLudwik Rydygier.
In the 1870s,Ivan Frankostudied at Lemberg University. He entered world history as a well-known Ukrainian scholar, public figure, writer, and translator. In 1894, the newly founded Chair of World History and the History of Eastern Europe was headed by ProfessorMykhailo Hrushevskyi(1866–1934), an outstanding scholar of Ukrainian History, founder of the Ukrainian Historical School, and author of the ten-volume "History of Ukraine-Rus'", hundreds of works on History, History of Literature, Historiography, and Source Studies. In 1904, a special summer course in Ukrainian studies was organized in Lviv, primarily for Eastern Ukrainian students.[9]: 124
The number of students grew from 1,732 in 1897 to 3,582 in 1906. Poles made up around 75% of the students, Ukrainians 20%, other nationalities 5%.[6] In mid-December 1910, Ukrainian women students at Lviv University established a Student Union's women's branch, their twenty members meeting regularly to discuss current affairs. In July 1912, they met with their Jewish counterpart branch to discuss the representation of women in the student body of the university.[9]: 64
Second Polish Republic
editDuring the Interbellum period, the region was part of theSecond Polish Republicand the university was known as "Jan Kazimierz University"[6][11](Polish:Uniwersytet Jana Kazimierza), in honor of its founder, KingJohn II Casimir Vasa.The decision to name the school after the king was taken by the government of Poland on 22 November 1919.[12]
In 1920, the university was rehoused by the Polish government in the building formerly used by theSejm of the Land,[12]which has since been the university's main location. Its firstrectorduring the Second Polish Republic was the famous poet,Jan Kasprowicz.
Lwów was the second most important academic center in inter-war Poland.[13]The Jan Kazimierz University was the third biggest university[14]in the country after theUniversity of Warsawand theJagiellonian UniversityinKraków. It was one of the most influential scholarly institutions of the Second Polish Republic, notable for its schools of mathematics (Stefan Banach,Hugo Steinhaus), logics (Kazimierz Twardowski), history and law (Oswald Balzer), anthropology (Jan Czekanowski), and geography (Eugeniusz Romer).[12][6][15]
The university's library acquired, among others, the collection ofWitold Kazimierz Czartoryski and 1,300 old Polish books from the 16th and 17th century, previously belonging to Józef Koziebrodzki. By September 1939, it expanded to 420,000 volumes, including 1,300manuscripts,3,000 diplomas andincunables,and possessed 14,000numismaticitems.[16]
In 1924 the Philosophy Faculty was divided intoHumanitiesand Mathematics and Biology Departments, thus there were now five faculties. In the 1934/35 academic year, the breakdown of the student body was as follows:
- Theology – 222 students
- Law – 2,978 students
- Medicine – 638 students (together with the Pharmaceutical Section, which had 263 students)
- Humanities – 892 students
- Mathematics and Biology – 870 students
Altogether, during the academic year 1934/35, there were 5900 students at the university, consisting by religious observance of:
- 3793 Roman Catholics (64.3%)
- 1211 Jews (20.5%)
- 739Ukrainian Greek-Catholics(12.5%)
- 72 Orthodox (1.2%)
- 67 Protestants (1.1%)
Ukrainian professors were required to take a formal oath of allegiance to Poland; most of them refused and left the university in the early 1920s. The principle of "Numerus clausus"had been introduced after which Ukrainian applicants were discriminated against – Ukrainian applications were capped at 15% of the intake, whereas Poles enjoyed a 50% quota at the time.[17]
World War II
editAfter the Germaninvasion of Polandand theaccompanying Soviet invasionin September 1939, theSovietadministration permitted classes to continue. Initially, the school worked in the pre-war Polish system.[13]On 18 October, however, the Polish rector, ProfessorRoman Longchamps de Bérier,was dismissed and replaced byMykhailo Marchenko ,a Ukrainian historian transferred from theInstitute of Ukrainian HistoryinKyiv,[13][18]grandfather of Ukrainian journalist and dissidentValeriy Marchenko. His role was toUkrainizeandSovietizethe university.[19][13]At the beginning of January 1940, the official name of the university was changed toIvan Franko Lviv State University.[13]Ukrainian was introduced as the language of instruction.[20]Polish professors and administrative assistants were increasingly fired[13][18]and replaced by cadres specializing inMarxism,Leninism,political economics,as well asUkrainianand Soviet literature, history, and geography. This was accompanied by the closure of departments seen as related to religion, free-market economics, capitalism, orthe Westin general. All academics specializing in Polish geography, literature, and history were dismissed.[13]Marchenko was released from his post in Spring 1940 and arrested in June 1941.[18]From 1939 to 1941, the Soviets killed 17 and imprisoned 37 academics from the University of Jan Kazimierz.[13]
After Lviv wasoccupied by the Nazi Germanyin June 1941, the Germans closed the University of Ivan Franko[13]andkilled over 20 Polish professors(as well as members of their households and guests, increasing the total number of victims to above forty).[13][21][22]The victims included lecturers from the University of Lviv and other local academic institutions. Among the killed was the last rector of the University of Jan Kazimierz, Roman Longchamps de Berier, his three sons,[13]and the former Polish prime minister and apolytechnicprofessor,Kazimierz Bartel.[23][a]The underground University of Jan Kazimierz was established in Autumn 1941.[13]
In the summer of 1944, the advancingRed Army,assisted by the PolishHome Armyforces (locally implementingOperation Tempest), pushed theWehrmachtout of Lviv.[24][25]and the university reopened.[7]Due topost-war border changes,the Polish population of the city wasexpelled[26][27]and most of Polish academics from the University of Jan Kazimierz relocated to Wrocław (formerBreslau), where they filled positions in the newly established Polish institutions of higher learning.[28][29]The buildings of the university had survived the war undestroyed, however, 80% of its pre-war student and academic body was gone.[30]The traditions of Jan Kazimierz University have been duplicated at theUniversity of Wrocław,which replaced the pre-war University of Breslau after the German inhabitants of that city had beenexpelledfollowing Stalin's establishing Germany's eastern border farther to the west.
Ukrainian SSR
editThis sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(May 2021) |
In 1964, a monument dedicated to Ivan Franko was built in front of the university.[31]
Independent Ukraine
editTheproclamation of the independence of Ukrainein 1991 brought about radical changes in every sphere of university life.[7]Professor, DoctorIvan Vakarchuk,a renowned scholar in the field of theoretical physics, was rector of the university from 1990 to 2013. Meeting the requirements arising in recent years new faculties and departments have been set up: the Faculty of International Relations and the Faculty of Philosophy (1992), the Faculty of Pre-Entrance University Preparation (1997), the Chair of Translation Studies and Comparative Linguistics (1998). Since 1997 the following new units have come into existence within the teaching and research framework of the university: the Law College, The Humanities Centre, The Institute of Literature Studies, The Italian Language and Culture Resource Centre. The teaching staff of the university has increased amounting to 981, with scholarly degrees awarded to over two-thirds of the entire teaching staff. There are over one hundred laboratories and working units as well as the Computing Centre functioning here. The Zoological, Geological, Mineralogical Museums together with those of Numismatics, Sphragistics, and Archeology are stimulating the interests of students.[17]
Faculties
edit- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Informatics[32]
- Faculty of International Relations[33]
- Faculty of Biology[34]
- Faculty of Journalism[35]
- Faculty of Chemistry[36]
- Faculty of Law[37]
- Faculty of Economics[38]
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics[39]
- Faculty of Electronics[40]
- Faculty of Philology[41]
- Faculty of Foreign Languages[42]
- Faculty of Philosophy[43]
- Faculty of Geography[44]
- Faculty of Physics[45]
- Faculty of Geology[46]
- Faculty of Preuniversity Training[47]
- Faculty of History[48]
- Department of Pedagogy[49]
- Department of Law[50]
Research divisions and facilities
edit- Scientific Research Department[51]
- Zoological museum[52]
- University Library[53]
- Journal of Physical Studies[54]
- The Institute of Archaeology[55]
- Ukrainian journal of computational linguistics[56]
- Media Ecology Institute[57]
- Modern Ukraine[58]
- Institute for Historical Research[59]
- Regional Agency for Sustainable Development[60]
- Botanical Garden[61]
- NATO Winter Academy in Lviv[62]
- Scientific technical & educational center of low temperature studies[63]
University management
edit- RectorVolodymyr Melnyk, Doctor ofPhilosophy,Professor,Corresponding Member of theNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;[64]
- First Vice-Rector Andriy Gukalyuk, Candidate ofEconomic Sciences,Associate Professor;
- Vice-Rector for Research Roman Hladyshevsky, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor ofChemical Sciences,Professor;
- Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and social issues and development Volodymyr Kachmar, Candidate ofHistorical Sciences,Associate Professor;
- Vice-rector for scientific and pedagogical work and informatization Vitaliy Kukharsky, Candidate ofPhysicalandMathematicalSciences, Associate Professor;
- Vice-rector for administrative and economic work Vasyl Kurlyak, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor.[64]
International cooperation
editDuring 2016–2017, the university signed 15 cooperation agreements and two double degree agreements, two agreements were extended. In total, 147 agreements have been signed with higher education institutions from 38 countries.
The university is involved in signing theMagna Charta Universitatum.In 2000, the university became a co-founder of the European College of Polish and Ukrainian Universities (Lublin,Poland). Agreements withAlecu Russo State University of Bălți(Bălți,Moldova) and the Krakow Pedagogical Academy (Poland) have been extended.
Students of the faculty of Geography, History and the faculty of International Relations undergo internships in Poland,Germany,Austria,Hungary,theCzech Republic,andSlovakia.Employees of the faculty of Mechanics, Mathematics, Philology, Chemistry, Faculty of International Relations and Applied Mathematics and Informatics worked in higher education institutions in Poland,Colombia,France,Switzerland,and Austria on a contract basis. Many graduates continue their studies in higher education institutions in theUnited States,Poland, Germany, Austria,Britain,and France. In 2016, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv held 5 internationalsummer schools.
In 2016, active international cooperation was established with foreign partners. The university has conducted bilateral research with theUniversity of Vienna(Austria),Kaunas University of Technology(Lithuania), the US Civilian Research and Development Foundation, and theHiroshima Institute of Technology(Japan), funded by theMinistry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
In recent years, researchers at the university have been conducting experiments funded by international organizations, including theMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry(Germany),Harvard Medical School(USA), Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (USA), and the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta,International Center for Diffraction Data(USA),Andrew W. Mellon Foundation(USA), Trust Educational Foundation for Tree Research (USA),Material. Phases. Data. Systemcompany (Switzerland).
An agreement has been signed withCrossRef,which allows the DOI to be assigned to university publications. The university, with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, has a national contact point of theEU Framework Program"Horizon 2020" in the thematic areas "Future and latest technologies" and "Inclusive, innovative and smart society".
Notable alumni
edit- Roman Aftanazy(1914–2004), historian of culture, librarian, heritage rescuer
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz(1890–1963), philosopher, mathematician and logician, a pioneer ofcategorial grammar
- Marta Barandii(b. 1984), Ukrainian member activist and lawyer
- Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski(1865–1925), classical scholar and archaeologist, professor of theJagiellonian University
- Julia Brystiger(1902–1975), political militant, member of the security apparatus of thePolish People's Republic
- Józef Białynia Chołodecki(1852–1934), historian of Lviv.
- Marianna Dushar(b. 1974), anthropologist and food writer.
- Ivan Franko(1856–1916), poet and linguist, reformer of theUkrainian language
- Ludwik Fleck(1896–1961), medical doctor and biologist who developed in the 1930s the concept of thought collectives
- Stanisław Głąbiński(1862–1941) politician, professor and rector (1908–1909) of the university, lawyer and writer
- Georgiy R. Gongadze(1969–2000),Georgianand Ukrainian journalist
- Ludwik Hass(1918-2008), Polish historian and Trotskyist dissident
- Mark Kac(1914–1984), mathematician, pioneer of modernprobability theory
- Wiktor Kemula(1902–1985), chemist
- Yevhen Konovalets(1891–1938) leader of theOrganization of Ukrainian Nationalistsbetween 1929 and 1938
- Ihor Kobrin(1951–2023), film director
- Emil Korytko(1813–1839), Polish philologist and ethnologist who worked in theSlovene Lands
- Stanisław Kot(1885–1975), scientist and politician, member of thePolish Government in Exile
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński(1881–1981), philosopher, mathematician, logician
- Hersch Lauterpacht(1897–1960), lawyer and Developer of the legal concept of "Crimes Against Humanity" in the Nuremberg Trials and writer of "An International Bill of the Rights of Man"
- Pinhas Lavon(1904–1976), Israeli politician
- Raphael Lemkin(1900–1959), lawyer who introduced the term "genocide",an author of the United Nations'Convention on Genocide
- Mariya Lyudkevych(b. 1948), writer and poet
- Antoni Łomnicki(1881–1941), mathematician
- Jan Łukasiewicz(1878–1956), mathematician
- Stanisław Maczek(1892–1994), commander of theFirst Polish Armoured Division,the last Commander of the First Polish Army Corps under Allied Command
- Kazimierz Michałowski(1901–1981), archeologist and Egyptologist
- Semyon Mogilevich(1946–), economist and mafia boss
- Bohdan Ihor Antonych(1909–1937), prominent Ukrainian writer
- Jan Parandowski(1895–1978), writer, essayist, and translator, expert onclassical antiquity
- Stepan Popel(1909–1987), Ukrainian chess player and linguist
- Maciej Rataj(1884–1940), Polish politician,acting president
- Jaroslav Rudnyckyj(1910–1995), Ukrainian Canadian linguist, lexicographer, folklorist
- Ivan L. Rudnytsky(1919–1984), Canadian historian of Ukraine,political scientist,Public intellectual
- Leon Reich(1879–1929), lawyer and member of the Sejm of Poland
- Józef Schreier(1909–1943), mathematician
- Bruno Schulz(1892–1942), novelist and painter
- Markiyan Shashkevych(1811–1843), Ukrainian poet
- Zoia Skoropadenko(1978–), Ukrainian artist
- Josyf Slipyj(1892–1984), head of theUkrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Louis B. Sohn(1914–2006), international law scholar and advisor, helped create theInternational Court of Justice,advisor to United States State Department, chaired professor atHarvard UniversityandUniversity of Georgialaw schools in the United States
- Leonid Stein(1934–1973), grandmaster and Soviet Chess Champion
- Hugo Steinhaus(1887–1982), mathematician, educator, and humanist
- Julian Stryjkowski(1905–1996), Polish-Jewish journalist and writer
- Irena Turkevycz-Martynec(1899–1983), Ukrainian Opera Soprano
- Stefania Turkewich(1898–1977), Ukrainian composer, pianist, and musicologist
- Stanislaw Ulam(1909–1984) He participated in theManhattan Project,originated the Teller–Ulam design of thermonuclear weapons, discovered the concept of the cellular automaton, invented the Monte Carlo method of computation, and suggested nuclear pulse propulsion.
- Yuri Velykanovych(1910–1938), journalist, volunteer of theInternational Brigades
- Aizik Isaakovich Vol'pert(1923–2006), mathematician and chemical engineer
- Rudolf Weigl(1883–1957), biologist and inventor of the first effective vaccine forepidemic typhus
- Władysław Witwicki(1878–1948), psychologist, philosopher, translator and artist
- Liubomyr Zubach(b. 1978), Ukrainian politician
Notable professors
edit- Henryk Arctowski(1871–1958) - oceanographer, Antarctica explorer
- Szymon Askenazy(1866–1935) - historian, diplomat and politician, founder of theLwów-Warsaw School of History
- Herman Auerbach(1901–1942) - mathematician
- Stefan Banach(1892–1945) - mathematician, one of the moving spirits of theLwów School of Mathematics,father offunctional analysis
- Oswald Balzer(1858–1933) - historian of law and statehood
- St.Józef Bilczewski(1860–1923) -archbishop of the city of Lwów of the Latins
- Franciszek Bujak(1921–1941) - historian
- Leon Chwistek(1884–1944) - Avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician
- Antoni Cieszyński(1882–1941) - physician, dentist and surgeon
- Matija Čop(1797–1835) -Slovenephilologist and literary theorist
- Jan Czekanowski(1882–1965) - anthropologist, statistician and linguist
- Władysław Dobrzaniecki(1897–1941) - physician and surgeon
- Stanisław Głąbiński(1862–1941) - politician, rector (1908–1909), lawyer and writer
- Yakiv Holovatsky(1814–1888) - poet
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky(1866–1934) - historian, organizer of scholarship, leader of the pre-revolution Ukrainian national movement, head of Ukraine's parliament, firstpresident of Ukraine,who wrote an academic book titled: "Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII" about the history ofBar, Ukraine.[65]
- Stefan Inglot(1902–1994) - historian.
- Zygmunt Janiszewski(1888–1920), mathematician,
- Antoni Kalina(1846–1905) - ethnographer and ethnologist.
- Ignacy Krasicki(1735–1801) - writer and poet,senator,Bishop of WarmiaandArchbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland
- Jerzy Kuryłowicz(1895–1978) - linguist
- Karolina Lanckorońska(1898–2002) - historian and art historian, PolishWorld War IIresistance fighter
- Jan Łukasiewicz(1878–1956) -logicianand philosopher
- Ignác Martinovics(1755–1795) - physicist, Franciscan, Hungarian revolutionary
- Stanisław Mazur(1905–1981) - mathematician
- Jakub Karol Parnas(1884–1949) - (Russian: Яков Оскарович Парнас or Yakov Oskarovich Parnas). A Jewish-Polish–Soviet biochemist author of notable studies on carbohydrates metabolism in mammals. Glycolysis, a major metabolic mechanism, is universally named Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway after him.
- Eugeniusz Romer(1871–1954) - cartographer
- Eugeniusz Rybka(1898–1988) - astronomer, deputy director of theInternational Astronomical Union,
- Stanisław Ruziewicz(1881–1941) - mathematician
- Wacław Sierpiński(1882–1969) - mathematician, known for contributions toset theory,number theory,theory of functionsandtopology
- Marian Smoluchowski(1872–1917) - scientist, pioneer of statistical physics, creator the basis of the theory ofstochastic processes,mountaineer
- Hugo Steinhaus(1887–1972), mathematician
- Szczepan Szczeniowski(1898-1979) -physicist,author of numerous papers on cosmic rays,
- Kazimierz Twardowski(1866–1938), philosopher and logician, head of theLwów-Warsaw School of Logic
- Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński(1874–1941) -gynecologist,writer, poet, art critic, translator of French literary classics and journalist
- Rudolf Weigl(1883-1957) -biologist,epidemiologist
- Aleksander Zawadzki(1798-1868) -naturalist
- Viktor Pynzenyk(born 1954) - economist and politician
Other
edit- Włodzimierz Dzieduszycki(1825–1899), landowner, naturalist, political activist, collector and patron of arts
- Stanisław Lem(1921–2006), satirical, philosophical, and science fiction writer
- Ignacy Jan Paderewski(1860–1941) virtuoso pianist, composer, diplomat and politician, the thirdPrime Minister of Poland
- János Bolyai(1802–1860) The founder of noneuclidean (absolute) geometry. The highest figure ofHungarianmathematics worked at the University of Lviv from 1831 to 1832.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^The extent to which Ukrainian nationalists may have been involved in identifying and selecting some of the victims is still a matter of debate, as Polish historianAdam Redzikwrote, while a group of Ukrainian nationalist students most likely helped to prepare the lists of Polish academics, it is unlikely they expected or knew about their intended purposes (i.e., the executions).[13]
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- ^abcdefghijklmRedzik, Adam (2004)."Polish Universities During the Second World War. 'Encuentros de Historia Comparada Hispano-Polaca / Spotkania poświęcone historii porównawczej hiszpańsko-polskiej.Conference "(PDF).gomezurdanez.com.Retrieved31 May2021.
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External links
edit- History of the University of Lviv to 1945(in Polish)