Vera June Miles(néeRalston;born August 23, 1929) is an American retired actress. She is known for appearing inJohn Ford'sWestern filmsThe Searchers(1956) andThe Man Who Shot Liberty Valance(1962), and for playingLila CraneinAlfred Hitchcock'sPsycho(1960) andRichard Franklin's sequelPsycho II(1983).
Vera Miles | |
|---|---|
 Vera Miles,c. 1950s | |
| Born | Vera June Ralston August 23, 1929 Boise City, Oklahoma,U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1950–1995 |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 4 |
Miles' other film credits includeTarzan's Hidden Jungle(1955),The Wrong Man(1956),A Touch of Larceny(1959),Follow Me, Boys!(1966),Hellfighters(1968),Sergeant Ryker(1968), andMolly and Lawless John(1972).
Early life
editVera June Ralston was born inBoise City, Oklahoma,on August 23, 1929.[1]
She grew up first inPratt, Kansas,and later lived inWichita,where she worked nights as aWestern Unionoperator-typist and graduated fromWichita North High Schoolin 1947. She was crownedMiss Kansasin 1948 and was the third runner-up in theMiss Americacontest.[2]
Career
editMiles moved to Los Angeles in 1949 and landed small roles in television and film, including a minor role as a chorus girl inTwo Tickets to Broadway(1951), a musical starringJanet Leigh,with whom Miles would co-star nine years later in the classicAlfred HitchcockfilmPsycho.She used her first husband's name, Miles, because there already was aVera Ralstonfilm actress. Miles eventually was put under contract at various studios. She once recalled, "I was dropped by the best studios in town."[3]
Miles's first credited film appearance was inThe Rose Bowl Story(1952), a romantic comedy in which she played aTournament of Rosesqueen. While under contract toWarner Bros.,Miles was cast alongside her future husbandGordon Scottin the 1955 filmTarzan's Hidden Jungleas Tarzan's love interest.[4]The following year, she was cast by directorJohn FordasJeffrey Hunter's love interest in theJohn WayneWesternThe Searchers(1956),[5]and appeared in the moviesWichita,directed byJacques Tourneurand23 Paces to Baker StreetwithVan Johnson.[6]Also in 1956, Miles starred as Rose Balestrero, the fragile wife of Manny Balestrero, a musician falsely accused of a crime and played byHenry Fonda,in the filmThe Wrong Man.[7]The movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and is one of only a few Hitchcock films based on real-life events.[8]
Signing a five-year personal contract with Hitchcock in 1957,[4]Miles was widely publicized as the director's potential successor toGrace Kelly.[9]Two years prior, Hitchcock had directed Miles in the role ofRalph Meeker's emotionally troubled new bride in "Revenge", the pilot episode of his television seriesAlfred Hitchcock Presents.[10]
Vertigo(1958), a project Hitchcock designed as a showcase for his new star, was met with production delays. Miles's subsequent pregnancy would cost her the lead role which eventually went toKim Novak.Vertigo(which also starredJames Stewart) was not a financial or critical success at the time, with Hitchcock claiming that Novak was miscast.[11]Despite Hitchcock's disappointment regardingVertigo,he continued to work with Miles, eventually casting her in what is arguably the role for which she is most remembered, that ofLila CraneinPsycho.[12]In the film, she portrayed the determined sister of the doomed motel guest Marion Crane (Janet Leigh), who teams up with Marion's boyfriend and a private investigator to find her. Miles later appeared in two episodes ofThe Alfred Hitchcock Hour(in 1962 and 1965).
In 1962, Miles reunited with director John Ford for the filmThe Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.Starring alongside her former co-star fromThe Searchers,John Wayne,she is courted by both Wayne and James Stewart, two very different men competing for her hand in marriage.[4]
In addition to her film appearances, Miles was featured in many popular television shows throughout her career, includingGunsmoke,Wagon Train,Laramie,The Twilight Zone,and the Western seriesRiverboat,starringDarren McGavinandBurt Reynolds.She co-starred in the first episode of ABC'sThe Fugitive(titled "Fear in a Desert City" ) and guest-starred in episodes ofThe Outer Limits,Burke's Law,The Eleventh Hour,The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,andIronside.
In 1965, Miles had a supporting role in three episodes of the CBS seriesMy Three Sons.The same year, she co-starred with lead actorsRobert CulpandBill Cosbyin the pilot episode of the TV seriesI Spyentitled "Affair in T'Sien Cha" (although the pilot was not actually broadcast until midway through the series's first season).[13]
Other notable films in which Miles appeared included theWalt DisneyfilmFollow Me, Boys!(1966) withFred MacMurray.[14]InHellfighters(1968), she playedKatharine Ross' mother although she is only nine years Ross's senior. The film also reunited her withJohn Wayne.[15]Miles had filmed scenes with Wayne for the movieThe Green Berets(also 1968), playing Wayne's character's wife. However, with Warner Bros. wanting more action in the film, her scenes were cut.[16]
Miles continued to appear in numerous TV films and TV series during the 1970s, including the pilot for the TV seriesCannon(broadcast in March 1971) as the wife of a deceased war comrade of private investigator Frank Cannon, played byWilliam Conrad.Miles also appeared on the pilot ofHollywood Squaresin 1966. She guest-starred in a further two episodes of the series in different roles during its run. In 1973, she appeared alongsidePeter Falkin "Lovely But Lethal", an episode of NBC'sColumbo,playing a cosmetics queen who commits murder. She also made guest appearances in episodes ofHawaii Five-O,The Streets of San Francisco,andFantasy Island.
In 1983, more than 20 years afterPsycho,Miles reprised the role of Lila Crane inPsycho II,joiningAnthony Perkinsin the sequel. Miles and Perkins were the only stars of the original film to appear in this second installment.[17]Miles continued to appear in a number of TV and film productions during the 1980s, with appearances in the moviesThe Initiation(1984) andInto the Night(1985), and guest-starring in episodes of the TV seriesThe Love Boat(1982 and 1984) andHotel(1984 and 1987). She appeared in three episodes ofMurder, She Wrote(broadcast in 1985, 1990, and 1991, respectively). The 1991 episode, titled "Thursday's Child", was her final television role. Her last acting role was in the filmSeparate Lives(1995). She then retired from the industry.[18]
Personal life
editMiles has been married three times. Her first husband was stuntman and bit-part actor Bob Miles.[19]They were married from 1948 to 1954, and had two daughters, Debra and Kelley. Her second husband was actor and bodybuilderGordon Scott,her co-star inTarzan's Hidden Jungle.[20]They were married from 1956 to 1960 and had one son, Michael. Her third husband was actorKeith Larsen.[21]They were married from 1960 to 1971 and had one son, Erik.[4]
One of her grandsons, actor Jordan Essoe, met with actressJessica Bielin 2012 in preparation for Biel's portrayal of Miles in the filmHitchcock.[22]
Miles is a member ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[23]She also has been a frequent visitor toSalt Lake City,Utah,was greatly involved in theBoy Scouts of America,and is a member of the Hollywood California Stake.[24]
Miles supported the re-election ofDwight D. Eisenhowerduring the1956 United States presidential election.[25]
Filmography
editFilm
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | When Willie Comes Marching Home | Laughing Sergeant's date | Uncredited |
| 1951 | Two Tickets to Broadway | Showgirl | Uncredited |
| 1952 | For Men Only | Kathy Hughes | |
| The Rose Bowl Story | Denny Burke | ||
| 1953 | The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms | Trailer Commentator | Uncredited |
| The Charge at Feather River | Jennie McKeever | ||
| So Big | Schoolgirl | Uncredited | |
| 1954 | Pride of the Blue Grass | Linda | a.k.a.Prince of the Blue Grass |
| 1955 | Tarzan's Hidden Jungle | Jill Hardy | |
| Wichita | Laurie McCoy | ||
| 1956 | The Searchers | Laurie Jorgensen | |
| 23 Paces to Baker Street | Jean Lennox | ||
| Autumn Leaves | Virginia Hanson | ||
| The Wrong Man | Rose Balestrero | ||
| 1957 | Beau James | Betty Compton | |
| 1959 | Web of Evidence | Lena Anderson | a.k.a.Beyond This Place |
| The FBI Story | Lucy Ann Hardesty | ||
| A Touch of Larceny | Virginia Killain | ||
| 1960 | Five Branded Women | Daniza | |
| Psycho | Lila Crane | ||
| 1961 | The Lawbreakers | Angela Walsh | |
| Back Street | Liz Saxon | ||
| 1962 | The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance | Hallie Stoddard | |
| 1964 | A Tiger Walks | Dorothy Williams | |
| 1965 | Those Calloways | Lydia "Liddy" Calloway | |
| 1966 | One of Our Spies Is Missing | Madame Raine De Sala | |
| Follow Me, Boys! | Vida Downey | ||
| 1967 | The Spirit Is Willing | Kate Powell | |
| Gentle Giant | Ellen Wedloe | ||
| 1968 | Sergeant Ryker | Ann Ryker | |
| Kona Coast | Melissa Hyde | ||
| The Green Berets | Mrs. Lee Kirby | Scenes deleted | |
| Mission Batangas | Joan Barnes | ||
| Hellfighters | Madelyn Buckman | ||
| 1969 | It Takes All Kinds | Laura Ring | |
| 1970 | The Wild Country | Kate Tanner | |
| 1972 | Molly and Lawless John | Molly Parker | |
| 1973 | One Little Indian | Doris McIver | |
| 1974 | The Castaway Cowboy | Henrietta MacAvoy | |
| 1977 | Run for the Roses | Clarissa Stewart | a.k.a.The Thoroughbreds |
| 1982 | BrainWaves | Marian Koonan | |
| 1983 | Psycho II | Lila Loomis | |
| 1984 | The Initiation | Frances Fairchild | |
| 1985 | Into the Night | Joan Caper | |
| 1995 | Separate Lives | Dr. Ruth Goldin |
Television
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | Fireside Theatre | Episode: "The Seven Graces" | |
| 1953–1958 | Schlitz Playhouse of Stars | Sarah Larkin / Julie | 4 episodes |
| 1954 | Crown Theatre with Gloria Swanson | Lois Wheeler | Episode: "This Day Is Yours" |
| Lux Video Theatre | Herself - Intermission Guest | 2 episodes | |
| Hallmark Hall of Fame | Episode: "The Immortal Oath" | ||
| Four Star Playhouse | Julie Tolin / Maggie | 2 episodes | |
| Medic | Jane Agnes Caldwell | Episode: "The Wild Intruder" | |
| 1954–1955 | The Pepsi-Cola Playhouse | Daughter / Nancy | 3 episodes |
| Ford Television Theatre | Angela / Nancy Carr | 2 episodes | |
| 1954–1957 | Lux Video Theatre | Jenny / Christine Carroll Kimberly / Audrey O'Connor / Maureen O'Reilly | 4 episodes |
| 1954–1958 | Climax! | Janet Reese / Jan Michaels / Sally Jordan | 4 episodes |
| 1954–1960 | General Electric Theater | Debra Stone / Nora Douglas / Mrs. Eaton / Terry | 5 episodes |
| 1955 | City Detective | Carol Martin | Episode: "Goodbye Old Paint" |
| Science Fiction Theatre | Dr. Jan Corey | Episode: "No Food for Thought" | |
| The Millionaire | Merle Roberts | Episode: "The Merle Roberts Story" | |
| Alfred Hitchcock Presents | Elsa Spann | Season 1 Episode 1: "Revenge" | |
| Screen Directors Playhouse | Ruth Dahlberg | Episode: "Rookie of the Year" | |
| The 20th Century Fox Hour | Virginia | Episode: "Man on the Ledge" | |
| 1956 | Strange Stories | Susan Harris | Episode: "Such a Nice Little Girl" |
| G.E. Summer Originals | Episode: "The Great Lady" | ||
| 1957 | Playhouse 90 | Carolyn Cook | Episode: "Panic Button" |
| 1958 | Studio 57 | The Little Girl's Mother | Episode: "Emergency Call" |
| Colgate Theatre | Judy Gregory | Episode: "Mr. Tutt" (or "Strange Counsel" ) | |
| 1959 | Riverboat | Jeanette Mowbray | Episode: "About Roger Mowbray" |
| Rawhide | Helen Walsh | Episode: "Incident at the Buffalo Smokehouse" | |
| 1959–1965 | Wagon Train | Anne Reed / Janice Stuart / Sister Rita | 3 episodes |
| 1960 | Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre | Jenny Breckenridge | Episode: "Miss Jenny" |
| The Twilight Zone | Millicent Barnes | Episode: "Mirror Image" | |
| Startime | Jean Medwick | Episode: "Incident at a Corner" | |
| Laramie | Anne Andrews | Episode: "Three Rode West" | |
| 1961 | The Asphalt Jungle | Angela Walsh | Episode: "The Lady and the Lawyer" |
| Frontier Circus | Maureen McBride | Episode: "Lippizan" | |
| Checkmate | Zoe Kamens | Episode: "The Crimson Pool" | |
| 1962 | The Detectives | Lucy | 2 episodes |
| Sam Benedict | Midge Maddon | Episode: "Maddon's Folly" | |
| Route 66 | Ellen Barnes | Episode: "Where Is Chick Lorimer, Where Has She Gone?" | |
| The Dick Powell Show | Stella Calman | Episode: "Crazy Sunday" | |
| The Alfred Hitchcock Hour | Daphne | Season 1 Episode 2: "Don't Look Behind You" | |
| 1962–1963 | The Eleventh Hour | Kate Sommers / Ann Costigan | 2 episodes |
| 1963 | The Fugitive | Monica Welles | Episode: "Fear in a Desert City" |
| Arrest and Trial | Jean Forbes | Episode: "Isn't It a Lovely View" | |
| Kraft Suspense Theatre | Ann Ryker | 2 episodes | |
| The Fugitive | Monica Welles | Television film | |
| 1963–1970 | The Virginian | Amelia Ballard / Maggie Menken / Miss Wallace | 3 episodes |
| Insight | Lucy / Mme Bernice / Sister Lucy Anne / Marion / Maria | 5 episodes | |
| 1964 | The Unknown | Kassia Paine | Television film |
| The Outer Limits | Kasha Paine | Episode: "The Forms of Things Unknown" | |
| Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre | Beth | Episode: "The Sojourner" | |
| Burke's Law | Claudia Sutton | Episode: "Who Killed the Horne of Plenty?" | |
| The Hanged Man | Lois Seeger | Television film | |
| 1965 | Slattery's People | Lucy Hampton | Episode: "Question: How Long Is the Shadow of a Man?" |
| Mr. Novak | Sister Gervaise | Episode: "There's a Penguin in My Garden" | |
| My Three Sons | Ernestine Coulter | 3 episodes | |
| I Spy | Rachel | Episode: "Affair in T'Sien Cha" | |
| The Alfred Hitchcock Hour | Nicky Revere / Monica Parrish | Season 3 Episode 20: "Death Scene" | |
| 1966 | The Man from U.N.C.L.E. | Madame Raine De Sala | 2 episodes |
| ABC Stage 67 | Adele | Episode: "The People Trap" | |
| 1966–1971 | Bonanza | Mrs. April Christopher / Sarah Lowell | 2 episodes |
| 1967 | Run for Your Life | Rachel Pike | Episode: "The Inhuman Predicament" |
| Off to See the Wizard | Gypsy Queen | Episode: "Gypsy Colt" | |
| Judd, for the Defense | Lydia Gray | Episode: "Everyone Loved Harlan But His Wife" | |
| 1968 | Journey to the Unknown | June Wiley | Episode: "Matakitas Is Coming" |
| 1968–1970 | The Name of the Game | Hilary Vanderman / Tracy Cannon / Marisa Cummings | 3 episodes |
| 1968–1971 | Ironside | Gloria Campbell / Barbara Richards / Barbara Jones | 3 episodes |
| 1969 | The F.B.I. | Kate Burke | Episode: "The Swindler" |
| Mannix | Jean McBride | S3-Episode 03: "Return to Summer Grove" | |
| 1970 | Gunsmoke | Dr. Sam McTavish | Episode: "Sam McTavish, M.D." |
| Dan August | Carla | Episode: "When the Shouting Dies" | |
| 1970–1973 | Marcus Welby, M.D. | Janet Devaney / Helen Wagner | 2 episodes |
| 1970–1974 | Medical Center | Nora Crayton / Eva / Dr. Gloria Howell | 4 episodes |
| 1971 | Hawaii Five-O | Flora Whiting | Episode: "Dear Enemy" |
| In Search of America | Jenny Olson | Television film | |
| Cannon | Diana Langston | Television film | |
| Alias Smith and Jones | Belle Jordan | Episode: "The Posse That Wouldn't Quit" | |
| A Howling in the Woods | Rose Staines | Television film | |
| 1971–1973 | Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law | Nancy Hodges / Joan Baldwin | 2 episodes |
| 1972 | Jigsaw | Lilah Beth Cummings | Television film |
| A Great American Tragedy | Gloria Wilkes | Television film | |
| 1972–1975 | Cannon | Vivian Cabe / Dr. Adams | 2 episodes |
| 1973 | Baffled! | Andrea Glenn | Television film |
| Journey to the Unknown | June Wiley | Television film ( "Matakitas is Coming" segment) | |
| Columbo | Viveca Scott | Episode: "Lovely But Lethal" | |
| Runaway! | Ellen Staffo | Television film | |
| 1974 | Live Again, Die Again | Marcia Carmichael | Television film |
| The Underground Man | Eleanor Strom | Television film | |
| The Strange and Deadly Occurrence | Christine Rhodes | Television film | |
| 1975 | The Wonderful World of Disney | Kate Tannen | Episode: "Wild Country: Part 2" |
| The Streets of San Francisco | Catherine Wyatt | Episode: "Men Will Die" | |
| 1976 | Ellery Queen | Celeste Wakefield | Episode: "The Adventure of the Two-Faced Woman" |
| Movin' On | Sheila Powers | Episode: "Sing It Again, Sonny" | |
| McNaughton's Daughter | Grace Coventry | Episode: "McNaughton's Daughter" | |
| Judge Horton and the Scottsboro Boys | Mrs. Horton | Television film | |
| State Fair | Melissa Bryant | Television film | |
| Smash-Up on Interstate 5 | Erica | Television film | |
| 1977 | Fire! | Martha Wagner | Television film |
| Barnaby Jones | Diane Magnus | Episode: "The Reincarnation" | |
| 1978 | How the West Was Won | Beth | 2 episodes |
| Fantasy Island | Martha Tate | Episode: "Superstar/Salem" | |
| The Runaways | Joan Larkin | Episode: "Lies We Live With" | |
| And I Alone Survived | Irene Elder | Television film | |
| 1980 | Buck Rogers in the 25th Century | Tora | Episode: "Flight of the War Witch" |
| Roughnecks | Ida McBride | Television film | |
| 1981 | Our Family Business | Patricia | Television film |
| Magnum, P.I. | Joan Gibson | Episode: "Mad Buck Gibson" | |
| 1982 | Mazes and Monsters | Cat Wheeling | Television film |
| 1982–1984 | The Love Boat | Eve Springer / Arlene Kemper / Bess Hensinger | 3 episodes |
| 1983 | Little House: A New Beginning | Ruthy Leland | Episode: "The Last Summer" |
| Trapper John, M.D. | Liz Waleska | Episode: "Blue Genes" | |
| Travis McGee | Julie Lawless | Television film | |
| 1984 | Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues | Kate Keller | Television film |
| Matt Houston | Mary Haywood | Episode: "The High Fashion Murders" | |
| 1984–1987 | Hotel | Ruth / Grace Harlan / Millie Broom / Teresa Clayborne | 4 episodes |
| 1985 | Finder of Lost Loves | Joanna Shaw | Episode: "Deadly Silence" |
| International Airport | Elaine Corley | Television film | |
| Crazy Like a Fox | Georgina | Episode: "Requiem for a Fox" | |
| 1985–1991 | Murder, She Wrote | Nancy Landon / Charmaine Calloway Thompson / Elizabeth Gates | 3 episodes |
| 1988 | Simon & Simon | Catherine Van Alder-Vicente | Episode: "The Richer They Are the Harder They Fall" |
| 1989 | The Hijacking of the Achille Lauro | Sophie Kubacki | Television film |
References
edit- ^"Miles, Vera June".The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.RetrievedAugust 27,2022.
- ^"Miss Kansas 1948 - Vera (Miles) Ralston".Miss Kansas. Archived fromthe originalon October 25, 2021.RetrievedDecember 22,2014.
- ^Frankel, Glenn(2014).The Searchers: The Making of an American Legend.New York:Bloomsbury Publishing.p. 260.ISBN978-1-62040-065-4.
- ^abcdMacKenzie, Carina (June 29, 2010)."Vera Miles - Hollywood Star Walk".Los Angeles Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Colonnese, Tom Grayson;Luhr, William;Brooks, James F.;Henderson, Brian; Grimsted, David (2004).The Searchers: Essays and Reflections on John Ford's Classic Western.Detroit, Michigan:Wayne State University Press.pp. 167, 173.ISBN0-8143-3056-8.
- ^Crowther, Bosley(May 19, 1956)."Screen: Foggy Mystery; Van Johnson Takes '23 Paces to Baker Street'".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Weiler, A. H.(December 24, 1956)."Screen: New Format for Hitchcock; Suspense Is Dropped in 'The Wrong Man' Fonda Plays Title Role of Paramount Film Martin and Lewis Abbott and Costello".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Allen, Richard(2007).Hitchcock's Romantic Irony.Vol. 58. New York:Columbia University Press.p. 73.ISBN978-0-231-13574-0.
- ^Charlotte Chandler,It's Only A Movie: Alfred Hitchcock, a Personal Biography,Simon & Schuster,2005, p. 237;ISBN0-7432-4508-3
- ^Harris, Robert A.; Lasky, Michael S. (2002).The Complete Films of Alfred Hitchcock.New York: Citadel Press Books. p. 202.ISBN0-8065-2427-8.
- ^Rothman, William (2014).Must We Kill the Thing We Love?: Emersonian Perfectionism and the Films of Alfred Hitchcock.New York: Columbia University Press. p. 112.ISBN978-0-231-16602-7.
- ^Leitch, Thomas; Poague, Leland (2011).A Companion to Alfred Hitchcock.Chichester:Wiley-Blackwell.p. 237.ISBN978-1-4051-8538-7.
- ^"I Spy".TVGuide.com.RetrievedJune 16,2024.
- ^Crowther, Bosley (December 2, 1966)."The Screen: 'Follow Me, Boys! Opens:Fred MacMurray Is the Scoutmaster".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Weiler, A. H. (February 6, 1969)."Screen: 'Hellfighters':John Wayne Battles Burning Oil Wells".The New York Times.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Munn, Michael (2004).John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth.London, England: Robson Publishing. pp. 294–295.ISBN1-86105-722-9.
- ^Arnold, Gary (June 7, 1983)."'Psycho II': A Travesty Masquerading as a Sequel ".The Washington Post.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Hunter, Stephen(September 11, 1995)."'Separate Lives' plods through a predictable mystery formula, and yet... "The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedDecember 22,2016.
- ^Weaver, Tom (June 28, 2010).It Came from Horrorwood: Interviews with Moviemakers in the SF and Horror Tradition.McFarland. p. 257.ISBN978-0-7864-8216-0.
- ^Pitts, Michael R. (April 17, 2015).RKO Radio Pictures Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Films, 1929-1956.McFarland. p. 328.ISBN978-0-7864-6047-2.
- ^Antonio, Lou (November 20, 2017).Cool Hand Lou: My Fifty Years in Hollywood and on Broadway.McFarland. p. 113.ISBN978-1-4766-6815-4.
- ^"Vera Miles's grandson Jordan Essoe met with Jessica Biel to discuss the filmHitchcock".Indiewire.Los Angeles, California:Penske Media Corporation.November 21, 2012.RetrievedSeptember 24,2014.
- ^Woodbury, Lael J. (1972)."Mormonism and the Commercial Theatre"(PDF).Brigham Young University Studies.12(2): 240.JSTOR43040431.
- ^Skousen, Paul B.(2004).The Skousen Book of Mormon World Records and Other Amazing Firsts, Facts, and Feats.Cedar Fort. p. 85.ISBN1555517811.
- ^Motion Picture Magazine,Issue 549, November 1956. Page 27
External links
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