Vinegar tasters

*The Vinegar Tasters*
The Vinegar Tasters
Traditional Chinese	Tam toan đồ
Simplified Chinese	Tam toan đồ
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Sān suān tú
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Sāam syūn tòuh
Jyutping	Saam1 syun1 tou4

The Vinegar Tasters(Tam toan đồ;'three sours';Thường thố ông;'vinegar-tasting old men';Thường thố đồ,Thường thố đồ) is a traditional^{[clarification needed]}subject in Chinese painting, which later spread to other East Asian countries.

Theallegoricalimage represents three elderly men tasting vinegar. The identity of the three men varies. Chinese versions often interpret the three men to beSu Shi,Huang Tingjian,and a monk named Foyin. Other variations depict the three men to the founders of China's major religious and philosophical traditions:Confucianism,Buddhism,andTaoism.The three men are dipping their fingers in a vat ofvinegarand tasting it; one man reacts with a sour expression, one reacts with a bitter expression, and one reacts with a sweet expression. The three men areConfucius,Buddha,andLaozi,respectively. Each man's expression represents the predominant attitude of his philosophy: Confucianism saw life assour,in need of rules to correct the degeneration of people^{[citation needed]};Buddhism saw life asbitter,dominated bypainandsufferingdue to the attachment topossessionsand materialdesires^{[citation needed]};and Taoism saw life assweetdue to it being fundamentallyperfectin itsnaturalstate^{[citation needed]}.Another interpretation of thepaintingis that, since the three men are gathered around one vat of vinegar, the "three teachings"are one.^{[citation needed]}

Origin

Interpretations

Painting by Kanō Isen'in.
Japan,Edo period,1802-1816.

Confucianism

Confucianism saw life as sour, in need of rules to correct the degeneration of people, and the present was out of step of thepastand that the government and the people had nounderstandingof the way ofHeaven—the right response was to worship the ancestors.^[1]

Confucianism, being concerned with the outside world, viewed the vinegar as "polluted wine".^{[citation needed]}

Buddhism

During Buddha's first sermon he preached, "neither the extreme of indulgence nor the extremes of asceticism was acceptable as a way of life and that one should avoid extremes and seek to live in the middle way". "Thus the goal of basic Buddhist practice is not the achievement of a state of bliss in someheavenbut the extinguishing of tanha. When tanha is extinguished, one is released from the cycle of life (birth, suffering, death, and rebirth) ",^[2]only then will they achieveNirvana.

With this in mind, it is interpreted that Buddhism, being concerned with the self, viewed the vinegar as a polluter of the taster's body due to its extreme flavor. Another interpretation for the image is that Buddhism reports the facts as they are, that vinegar is vinegar and isn't naturally sweet on the tongue. Pretending it is sweet is denying what it is, while the equally harmful opposite is being disturbed by the sourness.^{[citation needed]}

Taoism (Daoism)

Taoism sees life as sweet due to it being fundamentally perfect in its natural state.^{[citation needed]}

From the Taoist point of view, sourness and bitterness come from the interfering and unappreciative mind. Life itself, when understood and utilized for what it is, is sweet. That is the message of "The Vinegar Tasters".
— Benjamin Hoff,The Tao of Pooh

In the vinegar tasters picture, Laozi's (Lao Tzu) expression is sweet because of how the teachings of Taoism view existence. Every natural thing is intrinsically good as long as it remains true to its nature. This perspective allows Laozi to experience the taste of vinegar without judging it. "Ah this," he might be thinking, "this is vinegar!" From such a perspective, the taste doesn't need to be sweet, sour, bitter or bland. It is simply the taste of vinegar. By openly experiencing vinegar as vinegar, Laozi acknowledges and participates in the harmony of nature. As this is the very goal of Taoism, whatever the taste of vinegar, the experience is good.^{[citation needed]}

At the core of Taoist doctrine is the concept of the Tao or "the way". According to Taoist philosophy, everything originates from Tao. Tao is all embracing, existing anywhere and everywhere though it is invisible. It gives birth to the all, which then gives birth to everything in it. The Tao in this sense is the way of the everything, the driving power behind all.^{[citation needed]}

References

^(Smith 1996, p. 8)
^(Hopfe/Woodward 2007, p. 176)

Hopfe, Lewis M; revised by Woodward, Mark R. "Religions of the World". Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007. p 176.ISBN 0-13-224045-9
Ji, Sang. Religions and Religious Life in China. China Intercontinental Press, 2004.
Smith, Huston. The World's Religions. New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc., 1958.

External links

Media related toThe Vinegar Tastersat Wikimedia Commons

[1] (Smith 1996, p. 8)

[2] (Hopfe/Woodward 2007, p. 176)

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