TheWhitney familyis a formerly prominent American family descended from non-Norman English immigrant John Whitney (1592–1673), who leftLondonin 1635 and settled inWatertown, Massachusetts.The historic family mansion in Watertown, known as The Elms, was built for the Whitneys in 1710.[1]The Whitneys today continue to be involved in philanthropic efforts due to the wealth accumulated by past generations. They are also members of theEpiscopal Church.[2]
| Whitney family | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country | United States |
| Place of origin | England |
| Founder | John Whitney |
| Connected families | Paget family Vanderbilt family |
| Estate(s) | The Elms Greenwood Plantation |
Until the mid-20th century, successive generations of the Whitney family had a significant impact on American history.Eli Whitney's invention of thecotton ginin 1793 enabled cotton seeds to be removed 50 times faster, a breakthrough which led the country to become home to 75% of the world's cotton supply.[3]This caused the demand for slaves to increase rapidly, withYalelaw professor Paul Finkleman writing that "slaves were a profitable investment before the cotton gin and an even more profitable investment after its invention".[4]In 1844,Asa Whitneylaunched a campaign for a railway linking the country'swestto theeastthat ultimately resulted in thefirst transcontinental railroad. Upon taking office as U.S. Secretary of the Navy in 1885,William Collins Whitneyoversaw the American fleet's widespread adoption of steel ships, an event essential to the United States becoming a leadingworld power.
During the 20th century, family members continued to exercise massive influence over the country's economy through conglomerates such asPan Am,J.H. Whitney & Company,andFreeport-McMoran.Beginning withWilliam Collins Whitney,members of the Whitney family would also become major figures for more than a century in the breeding and racing ofThoroughbredhorses.[5][6]
Prominent descendants of John Whitney
edit
Eli Whitney Jr.(1765–1825)
William Collins Whitney(1841–1904)
- Amos Whitney(1832–1920)
- Anne Whitney(1821–1915)
- Asa Whitney(1791–1874), canal commissioner
- Asa Whitney(1797-1872)
- Benson Whitney(born 1956)
- Charlotte Anita Whitney(1867–1955)
- Charles Andrew Whitney(1834–1912)
- Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney(1899–1992)
- Courtney Whitney(1897–1969)
- David Whitney Jr.(1830-1900)
- Dorothy Payne Whitney(1887–1968)
- Edward Baldwin Whitney(1857–1911)
- Eli Whitney(1765–1825)
- Eli Whitney Blake(1795–1886), inventor
- Eli Whitney Blake, Jr.(1836–1895), scientist
- Eli Whitney Debevoise II(born 1953)
- Flora Payne Whitney(1897–1986)
- Whitney Tower(1923–1999)
- Flora Miller Biddle(born 1928)
- Harry Payne Whitney(1872–1930)
- Hassler Whitney(1907–1989)
- Henry Melville Whitney(1839–1923)
- James Scollay Whitney(1811–1878)
- Joan Whitney Payson(1903–1975)
- John Hay Whitney(1905–1982)
- Josephine Whitney Duveneck (1891–1978)
- Josiah Dwight Whitney(1819–1896)
- Mary Watson Whitney(1847–1921)
- Newel Kimball Whitney(1795–1850)
- Orson F. Whitney(1855–1931)
- Parkhurst Whitney(1784–1862)
- Pauline Payne Whitney(1874–1916)
- Olive, Lady BaillieOlive Cecilia Paget, (1899–1974), Anglo-American heiress, landowner and hostess.
- Dorothy Wyndham Paget(1905–1960), British racehorse owner and sponsor of motor racing
- William Payne Whitney(1876–1927)
- Phyllis Ayame Whitney(1903–2008)
- Richard Whitney(1888–1974)
- Wheelock Whitney I(1894–1957)
- Wheelock Whitney, Jr.(1926–2016)
- Wheelock Whitney III(born 1949)
- William Collins Whitney(1841–1904)
- William Dwight Whitney(1827–1894)
- Willis Rodney Whitney(1868–1958)
By marriage:
- Mary Elizabeth Altemus(1906–1988)
- Charles T. Barney(1851–1907)
- Kathleen Blatz(born 1954)
- Betsey Cushing(1908–1998)
- Henry F. Dimock(1842–1911)
- Leonard Knight Elmhirst(1893–1974)
- Helen Julia Hay(1876–1944)
- Almeric Hugh Paget, 1st Baron Queenborough(1861–1949), British industrialist and politician
- Marie Louise Schroeder(1925–2019)
- Willard Dickerman Straight(1880–1918)
- Whitney Willard Straight(1912–1979)
- Beatrice Whitney Straight(1914–2001)
- Michael Whitney Straight(1916–2004)
- Adeline Dutton Train(1824–1906)
- Gertrude Vanderbilt(1875–1942)
- George W. Headley(1908–1985)
- Dorothy Laverne Whitney (born 1930)
- Alfa Vanderbilt-Winther (1924–2008)
Family network
editAssociates
editThe following is a list of figures closely aligned or subordinate to the Whitney family.
- Henry Lawrence Burnett
- Roscoe Channing
- Merian C. Cooper
- Herbert Croly
- William Lukens Elkins[7][8]
- Catharine Littlefield Greene
- Daniel Guggenheim[9]
- Daniel S. Lamont[10]
- Oliver Hazard Payne
- Benjamin Franklin Pearson
- Francis A. Pratt
- Benno C. Schmidt Sr.
- David O. Selznick
- Kenneth A. Spencer
- Charles Shipman Payson
- Sherman Pratt
- Thomas Fortune Ryan[11][12]
- W.E.D. Stokes
- Ilya Andreyevich Tolstoy
- Juan Trippe
- Clarissa Watson
- Peter A.B. Widener[7][8]
- Langbourne Meade Williams Jr.
- Richard Thornton Wilson Jr.
Businesses
editThe following is a list of companies in which the Whitney family have held a controlling or otherwise substantial interest.
- American Tobacco Company[13]
- Art in America
- Burnett & Whitney[14]
- Cataract House Hotel
- Dominion Iron & Steel Company
- Dun & Bradstreet
- Foshalee Plantation
- Freeport Texas Company
- Great Northern Paper[15]
- Greentree Stable
- Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company
- International Herald Tribune
- J.H. Whitney & Company
- Manhasset Stable
- Marineland of Florida
- Metropolitan Steamship Company
- Metropolitan Street Railway Company[8]
- Minnesota North Stars
- Minnesota Vikings
- Minute Maid Company
- The New Republic
- New York Loan & Improvement Company[16]
- New York Mets
- Pan Am
- Pratt & Whitney Measurement Systems
- Selznick International Pictures
- Spencer Chemical Company
- Technicolor Corporation
- West End Street Railway
- Westbury Stable
- Western Airways
- Whitney Armory
- Whitney Real Estate Corporation[17]
Philanthropy and non-profit organizations
edit- Almeric Paget Massage Corps
- American Philological Association
- Association of Junior Leagues International
- Country Art Gallery & Art School[18]
- Dartington College of Arts
- Dartington International Summer School
- Greentree Foundation[19]
- Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
- Jockey Club (United States)
- John Hay Whitney Foundation[20]
- Markey Cancer Center
- National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame
- National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
- The New School for Social Research
- North Shore University Hospital
- Payne Whitney Gymnasium
- Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic
- Saratoga Performing Arts Center[21]
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience
- Whitney South Sea Expedition
- William C. Whitney Foundation
- Whitney Gallery of Western Art
- Whitney Museum of American Art
- Whitney Stakes (NYRA)
Buildings, estates and historic sites
edit- Belmont Park[22]
- Breuer Building
- Brookdale Farm
- C.V. Whitney Farm
- Dartington Hall
- David Whitney House
- Eli Whitney Gun Factory
- The Elms[1]
- Greentree
- Greenwood Plantation
- Joye Cottage
- Llangollen Farm
- Payne Whitney House
- Saratoga Race Course
- Waters Farm
- Whitney Studio Gallery[23]
- Whitney Park
- Willard Straight Hall
References
edit- ^abCutter 1908,pp. 1400–1401.
- ^W. Williams 2016,p. 176:The names of fashionable families who were already Episcopalian, like the Morgans, or those, like the Fricks, who now became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Gardner, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, Vanderbilt, Whitney. Episcopalian branches of the Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these family trees.
- ^"Eli".US National Archives. August 15, 2016.Retrieved13 April2021.
- ^"The cotton gin: A game-changing social and economic invention".National Constitution Centre. March 14, 2022.Retrieved6 March2023.
- ^"Racing Proud of Whitney Heritage: Three Generations of Family Prominent on American Scene; Among Founders of Jockey Club, Campaigned Abroad; Owned Two Derby Winners".Daily Racing Form at University of Kentucky Archives. 1956-05-05.Retrieved2019-02-22.
- ^"Marylou Whitney Stables LLC".Equibase.com. 2019-02-21.Retrieved2019-02-22.
- ^abHendrick 1920,p. 138.
- ^abcBurnley 1901,p. 226.
- ^Ingham 1983,pp. 1614–1615.
- ^"WILLIAM C. WHITNEY PASSES AWAY"(PDF).New York Times.1904-02-03. p. 2.Retrieved2023-02-20.
- ^Ingham 1983,pp. 1612–1614.
- ^NYT 1904,p. 2.
- ^Ingham 1983,p. 1614.
- ^Harrison, Bruce.The Family Forest Descendants of Sir Robert Parke.Lulu.com. p. 238.ISBN9781411686304.Retrieved3 November2017.
- ^"Birth of the Paper Giant | Great Northern Paper".Greatnorthernpaperhistory.com.Retrieved2013-08-06.
- ^"Mr. Barney's Career. Prominent All His Life in Finance, Art, and Realty Operations",The New York Times,November 15, 1907.
- ^Ingham 1983,p. 1615.
- ^"Glen Cove's multi-talented Clarissa Watson dies in France".Herald Community Newspapers.10 April 2012.Retrieved2022-08-26.
- ^Chin, Jessica (2017-07-03)."Greentree Foundation maintains community roots with grants - The Island Now".The Island Now.Retrieved2017-12-28.
- ^"JOHN HAY WHITNEY DIES AT 77; PUBLISHER LED IN MANY FIELDS".The New York Times.9 February 1982.Retrieved1 December2016.
- ^Nemy, Enid (2019-07-19)."Marylou Whitney, Social Queen of the Racing World, Dies at 93".New York Times.Retrieved2023-02-19.
- ^Dahler 2020,p. 110.
- ^"The Whitney Museum of American Art".The Art Story.org.RetrievedDecember 27,2014.
Bibliography
edit- Burnley, James (1901).Millionaires and Kings of Enterprise: The Marvellous Careers of Some Americans who by Pluck, Foresight, and Energy Have Made Themselves Masters in the Fields of Industry and Finance.Harmsworth Brothers, Limited.
- Cutter, William Richard (1908).Genealogical and Personal Memoirs Relating to the Families of Bostaon and Eastern Massachusetts.Boston, Massachusetts: Lewis Historical Publishing Company.
- Dahler, Don (2020).Fearless: Harriet Quimbly, A Life Without Limit.Princeton Architectural Press.ISBN978-1-64896-131-1.
- Hendrick, Burton Jesse (1920).The Age of Big Business: A Chronicle of the Captains of Industry.New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
- Ingham, John N. (1983).Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders: V-Z.Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.ISBN0-313-23910-X.
- W. Williams, Peter (2016).Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression.University of North Carolina Press.ISBN9781469626987.
External links
edit- Whitney Research Group– dedicated to the scholarly research of Whitney families around the world and throughout history.
- July 25, 2008 Bloodhorse.com article titled "The Whitney Handicap: a look at a treasured American family"