William Melton(died 5 April 1340) was the 43rdArchbishop of York(1317–1340) and the firstLord Privy Seal.
William Melton | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of York | |
 William Melton | |
| Elected | December 1315 |
| Installed | unknown |
| Term ended | 5 April 1340 |
| Predecessor | William Greenfield |
| Successor | William Zouche |
| Other post(s) | Provost of Beverley |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | September 1317 |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 5 April 1340 Cawood Palace |
| Buried | York Minster |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
Life
editMelton was the son ofNicholas of Melton,and the brother ofHenry de Melton,and John Melton. He was born inMeltonin the parish ofWelton,about nine miles fromKingston upon Hull.He was a contemporary ofJohn Hotham,Chancellor of EnglandandBishop of Ely.The two prelates were often associated in public matters and were the most powerful churchmen of their period in England.
Melton wasController of the Wardrobeat the accession ofEdward IIin 1307 and was a pluralist through and through at the time of his elevation to the see of York. Among other things, he was alsoArchdeacon of BarnstapleandProvost of Beverley.He wasLord Privy Sealfrom 1307 to about 1312, having been Dean of St. Martin's-le-Grand at that time also.[1]He was promoted toKeeper of the Household Wardrobefrom 1314 to 1316. He was elected by the chapter of York within a month of ArchbishopGreenfield's death, in December 1315, but difficulties arose and he was not consecrated until September 1317, atAvignonbyPope John XXII.[2]While serving as archbishop, Melton had to deal with numerous cases of fugitive or rebellious nuns at theBenedictinenunnerySt Clement's by York,most notablyJoan of Leeds.[3][4]
Throughout Melton's archiepiscopate, he was actively concerned with the affairs of Scotland. Between 1318 and 1322, the Scots, underJames Douglas, Lord of Douglas,made raids intoYorkshire,devastating great parts of the country, destroying churches and sacking the richest monasteries. These continued raids led to a dispute between theCity of Yorkand Melton regarding the responsibility for the upkeep of part of the city'smotte and baileydefences known as theOld Baile.[5][6]During the raid of 1319, the King was at thesiege of Berwickand much of the trained soldiery was there with him. Archbishop Melton collected what men he could and led them against the Scots. Clergy, friars and citizens of York were accordingly gathered and the result was theBattle of Myton(12 October 1319) on the Swale, in which the English were entirely routed.Queen Isabella,who was in York at the time, managed to escape to safety at Nottingham. So many clergy died, mainly trying to swim the River Swale to escape, that Scots referred to it as the Chapter of Myton.[7]
Connected with the Scottish raids of 1322 was thebattle of Boroughbridge,in which theEarl of Lancasterwas taken prisoner, led fromBoroughbridgeto his own castle of Pontefract and there beheaded. Archbishop Melton had aided Lancaster at one point, and seems, in consequence, to have fallen into some disfavour with Edward II. By 1325 however, the King's good opinion had been recovered, since Melton then becameLord Treasurer of Englanduntil 1326.[8]
Melton did not desert Edward II in his latter days, regarding his imprisonment with great displeasure. Nor was he present at the coronation ofEdward III,and is said afterwards to have been engaged in a dangerous intrigue to upset the new government, for which he was arrested, though acquitted. In January 1328, Melton married the young king toPhilippa of Hainault.In 1330 he was reappointed Treasurer, but left the office in 1331.[8]
Work and legacy
editMelton completed the building of the nave ofYork Minsterand his figure still remains above the great western portal. He is said to have assisted largely in buildingSt. Patrick's Church, Patrington,inHolderness,and certainly gave much toward the fabric ofBeverley Minster.He died on 5 April 1340[2]at Cawood Palace, and was buried in the north aisle of the nave at York Minster, a memorial window installed shortly after his death being transferred toSt James' Church, High Meltonin the 1790s by theDean of York,John Fountayne.
Melton died very wealthy, having custody of many manors and estates. His heir was his nephew, William Melton ofAston,nearSheffield,who was the progenitor of one of the most powerful knightly families in the south of Yorkshire.
Melton kept a detailed log of his activities while he was Archbishop of York, published asThe Register of William Meltonin five volumes.
See also
editCitations
edit- ^Fryde, et al.Handbook of British Chronologyp. 93
- ^abFryde, et al.Handbook of British Chronologyp. 282
- ^Burgess, K. (12 February 2019)."Nun faked her death to pursue life of lust".The Times.Archivedfrom the original on 24 February 2020.Retrieved13 February2019.
- ^VCH 1974,pp. 129, 131.
- ^CooperYorkp. 41
- ^"The Old Baile".in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York.London: British History Online. 1972. pp. 87–89.Retrieved17 May2018.
- ^Barrow, Geoffrey W.S. (1988).Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland.Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press. p. 239.
- ^abFryde, et al.Handbook of British Chronologyp. 104
References
edit- Cooper, Thomas Parsons (1904).York: the Story of Its Walls, Bars, and Castles: Being a Complete History, and Pictorial Record of the Defences of the City of York, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.E. Stock.
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996).Handbook of British Chronology(3rd ed.). Cambridge: University Press.ISBN978-0-521-56350-5.
- VCH (1974). Page, W. (ed.).The City of York.Vol. III. London: Victoria County History.OCLC220761750.
Further reading
edit- Brocklesby, R., ed. (1997).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume IV.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 85.
- Hill, R. M. T., ed. (1977).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume I.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 70.
- Hill, R. M. T., ed. (1988).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume III.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 76.
- Robinson, D., ed. (1977).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume II.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 71.
- Robinson, D., ed. (2011).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume VI.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 101.
- Timmins, T. C. B., ed. (2002).The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume V.Canterbury & York Society.Vol. 93.