TheWright R-1820 Cyclone 9is an Americanradial enginedeveloped byCurtiss-Wright,widely used on aircraft in the 1930s through 1950s. It was produced under license in France as theHispano-Suiza 9VorHispano-Wright 9V,and in the Soviet Union as theShvetsov M-25.
| R-1820 Cyclone | |
|---|---|
| |
| Curtiss-Wright R-1820 Cyclone Radial Engine | |
| Type | Radial engine |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Wright Aeronautical |
| First run | 1930s |
| Major applications | Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Curtiss P-36 Hawk Douglas B-18 Bolo Douglas DC-3 Douglas SBD Dauntless General Motors FM-2 Wildcat Sikorsky H-34 North American T-28 Trojan |
| Number built | 47,475[1] |
| Variants | Shvetsov M-25 |
| Developed into | Wright R-2600 Wright R-3350 |
Design and development
editThe R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of theWright P-2engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.
The R-1820 was built under license byLycoming,Pratt & Whitney Canada,and also, duringWorld War II,by theStudebaker Corporation.TheSoviet Unionhad purchased a license for the design, and theShvetsovOKBwas formed tometricatetheAmerican specificationpowerplant for Soviet government-factory production as theM-25,with the R-1820's general design features used by the Shvetsov design bureau for many of their future radials for the Soviet air forces through the 1940s and onwards. InSpainthe R-1820 was license-built as theHispano-Suiza 9VorHispano-Wright 9V.[2]
The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including early Douglas airliners (the prototypeDC-1,theDC-2,the first civil versions of theDC-3,and the limited-productionDC-5), every wartime example of theBoeing B-17 Flying FortressandDouglas SBD Dauntlessbombers, the early versions of thePolikarpov I-16fighter (as the M-25), and thePiasecki H-21helicopter.
The R-1820 also found limited use in armoured vehicles. The G-200 variant developed 900hp(670kW) at 2,300 rpm and powered the strictly experimentalM6 Heavy Tank.
D-200 Diesel
editThe Wright R-1820 was converted to a diesel during World War II byCaterpillar Inc.as the D-200 and produced 450 hp (340 kW) at 2,000 rpm in theM4A6 Sherman.[3]
Variants
edit- R-1820-04
- 700 hp (520 kW)
- R-1820-1
- 575 hp (429 kW)
- R-1820-4
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-19
- 675 hp (503 kW)
- R-1820-21
- 690 hp (510 kW)
- R-1820-22
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-25
- 675 hp (503 kW), 750 hp (560 kW), 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-32
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- XR-1820-32
- 800 hp (600 kW)
- R-1820-33
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- R-1820-34
- 940 hp (700 kW), 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-34A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-40/42
- 1,100 hp (820 kW), 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-41
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-45
- 800 hp (600 kW), 930 hp (690 kW)
- R-1820-49
- 975 hp (727 kW)
- R-1820-50
- 850 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-52
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-53
- 930 hp (690 kW), 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-56
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-57
- 1,060 hp (790 kW)
- R-1820-60
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-62
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW)
- R-1820-66
- 1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)
- R-1820-67/69
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted withturbosupercharger
- R-1820-72W
- 1,350 hp (1,010 kW), 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-74W
- 1,500 hp (1,100 kW)
- R-1820-76A,B,C,D
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-77
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-78
- 700 hp (522 kW), 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-80
- 700 hp (520 kW), 1,535 hp (1,145 kW)
- R-1820-82WA
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-84
- 1,525 hp (1,137 kW)
- R-1820-86
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- R-1820-97
- 1,200 hp (890 kW), fitted with turbosupercharger
- R-1820-103
- 1,425 hp (1,063 kW)
- SGR-1820-F3
- 710 hp (530 kW), 720 hp (540 kW)
- SGR-1820-F2
- 720 hp (540 kW)
- R-1820-F53
- 770 hp (570 kW)
- R-1820-F56
- 790 hp (590 kW)
- GR-1820-G2
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G3
- 840 hp (630 kW)
- R-1820-G5
- 950 hp (710 kW)
- R-1820-G101
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102
- 775 hp (578 kW)
- GR-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G102A
- 1,100 hp (820 kW)
- R-1820-G202A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
- R-1820-G103
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G105
- 1,000 hp (750 kW)
- R-1820-G205A
- 1,200 hp (890 kW)
Notes: Unit numbers ending withWindicate engine variants fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost systems.
Hispano-Suiza 9V
editThe Hispano-Suiza 9V is a licence-built version of the R-1820.[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vr
- 9V with reduction gear
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vb
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbr
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbrs
- variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear and supercharger
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs
- variant of the 9Vb with supercharger[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9Vd
- variant of the 9V[4]
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-10
- 429 kW (575 hp) driving fixed-pitch propeller
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-11
- as -10 but RH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-16
- 480 kW (650 hp) driving variable-pitch propeller, LH rotation
- Hispano-Suiza 9V-17
- as -16 but RH rotation
Applications
edit- Bloch MB.221
- Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
- Boeing 307 Stratoliner
- Brewster F2A Buffalo
- Curtiss AT-32-A Condor
- Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver
- Curtiss P-36 Mohawk
- Curtiss SC Seahawk
- Curtiss-Wright CW-21
- Douglas A-33
- Douglas B-18 Bolo
- Douglas DC-2
- Douglas DC-3(DST, G-102 and G-202)
- Douglas R4D-8/C-117D
- Douglas DC-5
- Douglas DFWright SGR-1820G-2
- Douglas SBD Dauntless
- FMA AeMB.2Bombi
- General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
- Grumman TF-1 / C-1 Trader
- Grumman E-1 Tracer
- Grumman FF
- Grumman F3F
- Grumman XF5F Skyrocket
- Grumman XP-50
- Grumman HU-16 Albatross
- Grumman J2F Duck
- Grumman S-2 Tracker
- Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
- Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
- Lockheed Hudson
- Martin B-10
- North American A-27
- North American O-47
- North American P-64
- North American T-28B/C/D Trojan
- Northrop N-3PB
- Northrop YC-125 Raider
- Piasecki H-21
- Polikarpov I-16
- Ryan FR Fireball
- Sikorsky S-58/HUS/HSS/H-34
- Vultee V-1
Vehicles
editEngines on display
editPreserved Wright R-1820 engines are on display at the following museums:
- American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum[5]
- Fleet Air Arm Museum[citation needed]
- Delta Flight Museum[citation needed]
- National Air and Space Museum[citation needed]
- National Museum of the U.S. Air Force[citation needed]
- Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum[6]
-
Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 engine of restored Douglas DC-3 "Flagship Knoxville" atAmerican Airlines C.R. Smith Museum -
Wright R-1820 cutaway at theMuseum of Aviation -
Wright R-1820 at theMuseum of Aviation -
Wright R-1820-82 Cyclone Radial Engine atWings of Freedom Aviation Museum,Horsham, Pennsylvania
Specifications (GR-1820-G2)
editData fromJane's.[7]
General characteristics
- Type:Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooledradial engine
- Bore:6.125 in (155.6 mm)
- Stroke:6.875 in (174.6 mm)
- Displacement:1,823 cu in (29.87 L)
- Length:47.76 in (1,213 mm)
- Diameter:54.25 in (1,378 mm)
- Dry weight:1,184 lb (537 kg)
Components
- Valvetrain:Twooverhead valvesper cylinder withsodium-filled exhaust valve
- Supercharger:Single-speedGeneral Electriccentrifugal type supercharger,blower ratio 7.134:1
- Fuel system:Stromberg PD12K10 downdraftcarburetorwith automatic mixture control
- Fuel type:87octane ratinggasoline
- Oil system:Dry sumpwith one pressure and one scavenging pump
- Cooling system:Air-cooled
Performance
- Power output:1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff
- Specific power:0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)
- Compression ratio:6.45:1
- Specific fuel consumption:0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))
- Oil consumption:0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))
- Power-to-weight ratio:0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)
See also
editRelated development
- Wright Cyclone family
- Wright R-1300Cyclone 7
- Wright R-2600Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)
- Wright R-3350Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
- Shvetsov M-25
- Shvetsov ASh-62
Comparable engines
Related lists
References
edit- ^"SUMMARY OF WRIGHT ENGINE SHIPMENTS 1920 – 1930"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-10-10.Retrieved2023-09-18.
- ^Lage(2004) pp. 157-162
- ^Conners 2013.
- ^abcdHartmann, Gustave.Hispano-Suiza, Les moteurs de tous les Records.pdf(in French).
- ^May, Joseph (8 January 2013)."Flagship Knoxville — an American Airlines Douglas DC-3".Hearst Seattle Media. Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2017.Retrieved3 August2014.
- ^"Exhibit & Collection".Wings of Freedom.Retrieved2024-09-06.
- ^Bridgman 1998, p. 314.
Bibliography
edit
- Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998)Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.Crescent.ISBN0-517-67964-7.
- Conners, Chris (2013)."Medium Tank M4 Sherman".American Fighting Vehicle Database.Retrieved9 January2014.
- Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng,The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft.Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002,ISBN0-7607-3432-1.
- Gunston, Bill.World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day.5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.ISBN0-7509-4479-X
- White, Graham.Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II.Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995.ISBN1-56091-655-9
- Lage, Manual (2004).Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics.Warrendale, USA: SAE International.ISBN0-7680-0997-9.
- "Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles".Archived fromthe originalon 2006-10-07.Retrieved2006-10-03.