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Xi'an MA60

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TheXi'an MA60(Tân chu 60,Xīnzhōu liùshí,"Modern Ark 60" ) is aturboprop-poweredairlinerproduced by China'sXi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporationunder theAviation Industry Corporation of China(AVIC). The MA60 is a stretched version of theXi'an Y7-200A,[4]which was produced based on theAn-24to operate in rugged conditions with limited ground support and hasshort take-off and landing(STOL) capability.[5]

MA60
AnOkay AirwaysXi'an MA60
General information
TypeTurbopropregional airliner
National originChina
ManufacturerXi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation
StatusIn production
Primary userJoy Air
Number built110 (March 2013)[1]
History
Manufactured2000–present
Introduction dateAugust 2000 withSichuan Airlines[2]
First flight25 February 2000[3]
Developed fromXi'an Y-7
VariantsXi'an MA600
Xi'an MA700

The airplane received its type certificate from the Civil Aviation Administration of China in June 2000. The MA60 has not applied for FAA (US) and EASA (Europe) type certification, and is not certified for use in the European Union or the US.[6][7]The general designer of MA-60 series is Lü Hai (Lữ hải).

Variants

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  • Xi'an MA60-100:Reduced weight improved performance.[8]
  • Xi'an MA60-MPA Fearless Albatross:Maritime patrol and ASW variant offered for sale at Airshow China 2002.[8]
  • Xi'an MA40:Reduced capacity 40-seat variant offered for sale in 2002.[8]
  • Xi'an MA60H-500:A military cargo version of the MA-60, with rear cargo ramp.[8]
  • Xi'an MA600:A much improved MA60, the prototype of which was completed on 29 June 2008.[8]

Operators

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As of October 2006, XAC has received over 90 MA60 orders. The factory had delivered 23 MA60s by the end of 2006, and expects to deliver an additional 165 by the end of 2016.[9]The aircraft is popular with air charter companies and small feeder airlines, and is operated by private individuals and companies.[10]

Civil

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China
A MA60 flying with Air Zimbabwe
Laos

Government

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Angola
Cambodia
Cameroon
China
A MA60 fromMerpati Nusantara Airlines
Djibouti
Laos
Zambia
Sri Lanka

Accidents and incidents

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As of 13 November 2015, there had been 14 accidents involving the MA60. One accident was fatal(MZ8968)resulting in 21 passenger and 4 crew deaths.[14]This caused New Zealand to suspend tourism aid to Tonga, and warned tourists about flying the aircraft which had been donated to the country.[15]

  • On 11 January 2009, an MA60 operated by Philippine carrierZest Airwayscrashed atCaticlan Airportwhen it landed short of the runway, skidded out of control and crashed into a concrete barrier. The aircraft caught fire and suffered extensive damage to its wing, landing gear, undercarriage and one engine. Several passengers were injured.[16]
  • In June 2009, an MA60 operated by Zest overshot the runway while trying to land at Caticlan airport. As a consequence of this accident lengthening of the runway and the flattening of a hill that obstructs one of its approaches was carried out.[17]
  • On 7 May 2011,Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 8968(with Indonesian registration PK-MZK) went into the sea only 500 metres from the runway[18]in bad weather with poor visibility on a visual approach toKaimana Airport,Kaimana,West Papuain Indonesia. It had leftSorong Airportwith 19 passengers and 6 crew members on board.[19]All passengers and crew were killed, making this the first reported fatal accident for the Xi'an MA60. On 24 August 2011, Indonesia's Transportation Minister determined human error was to blame for the disaster.[20]
  • On 9 January 2012, aTAMflight fromRiberalta AirporttoGuayaramerín Airport,Bolivia operated by FAB-96 landed with the undercarriage not deployed due to a fault, resulting in substantial damage to the aircraft. There were no injuries amongst the five crew and sixteen passengers.[21]
The Xi'an MA60 following theMerpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517accident
  • On 16 May 2013, aMyanma Airwaysflight fromHeho AirporttoMonghsat Airportin Myanmar overran the runway on landing, resulting in two serious injuries and substantial damage to the aircraft. The MA60 allegedly suffered a brake failure.[22]
  • On 10 June 2013,Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517(with Indonesian registration PK-MZO) fromBajawatoKupang,with 50 people on board landed hard at Kupang airport inEast Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia.Twenty-five people were injured. The plane, which was damaged beyond repair, lay on its belly on the runway with its engines jammed face down into the tarmac and its wings bent forward.[23]Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) has released a preliminary report on this accident. The preliminary report consisted of factual information collected until the preliminary report was published without analysis and conclusion.[24]
  • On 10 June 2013,Myanma Airwaysflight UB309 fromMawlamyine,Myanmar,carrying four crew members and 60 passengers swerved off the runway upon landing atKawthaung.The plane came to a stop in bushes about 60 metres to the west of the runway, with smoke coming from the left side propeller housing and the propellers on both wings damaged. There were no injuries. It is possible the captain was too early in switching the nosewheel steering to the 'taxi' mode during the landing roll and lost directional control. A similar incident occurred in December 2011.[25]
  • On 4 February 2014,Joy Airflight JR1533 fromTaiyuan,China,carrying 7 crew members and 37 passengers, had a mechanical failure of the landing gear while landing atZhengzhou.This caused the landing gear to break and the aircraft's nose cone to hit the tarmac. There were no injuries.[26]
  • On 10 May 2015, Joy Air flight JR1529 fromYiwutoFuzhouwith 45 passengers and 7 crew landed on Fuzhou runway 3 at about 11:57 but veered off the runway and came to a stop off the runway edge about 500 metres past the runway threshold and about 50 metres off the runway centerline with all gear on soft ground. The engines struck the ground causing the wings to be nearly torn off, and resulted in substantial damage to the fuselage and structure. 7 people on board were injured.[27]
  • On 13 November 2015,Lao Skywayflight LLL 265 overshot the runway atVientiane.[28]

Operational problems

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Real Tonga's MA60 in 2014

The New Zealand Government suspended its programme of development aid to Tonga's tourism industry in July 2013 after an MA60 donated by the Chinese Government was delivered to the airlineReal Tonga.[29]In August 2013 the New Zealand Government also issued a statement advising tourists to not travel on Real Tonga's MA60 on the grounds that "this aircraft has been involved in a significant number of accidents in the last few years", and the type "is not certified to fly in New Zealand or other comparable jurisdictions".[30][31]Real Tonga ceased operating the MA60 in early 2015 after the Tongan Government passed legislation adopting New Zealand's civil aviation regulations.[32]A proposal to re-establishRoyal Tongan Airlinesto operate the MA60 was reported later in the year.[33]

Of the 57 MA60s exported by January 2016, at least 26 were in storage after safety concerns, maintenance problems or performance issues; six others were damaged beyond repair.[34]

On 26 March 2019 the Cameroon Civil Aviation Authority (CCAA) suspended the airworthiness certificate of the MA60 following a tail strike accident. The aircraft was allowed to operate again one day later.[35]

In August 2020,Nepal Airlinesgrounded its fleet of 2 MA60s due to their sub-standard performance and high operating costs. The aircraft had been acquired in 2012 and as per a Nepal Airlines board member, "The 2012 decision to buy the aircraft was prompted by greed for commissions. The Nepali experts submitted a fabricated report. TheY12Ewas compared with theTwin Otter,and the MA60 was compared with theATR 72.Nepal Airlines is paying the price now ".[36]

Specifications (MA60)

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Data fromJane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004[37]

General characteristics

  • Crew:2
  • Capacity:62 passengers
  • Length:24.71 m (81 ft 1 in)
  • Wingspan:29.2 m (95 ft 10 in)
  • Height:8.86 m (29 ft 1 in)
  • Wing area:75 m2(810 sq ft)
  • Airfoil:root:TsAGI S-5-18;tip:TsAGI S-3-13[38]
  • Empty weight:13,700 kg (30,203 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight:21,800 kg (48,061 lb)
  • Powerplant:2 ×Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127Jturbo propengines, 2,051 kW (2,750 hp) each
  • Propellers:4-bladedHamilton Sundstrand247F-3 constant-speed propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed:514 km/h (319 mph, 278 kn)
  • Cruise speed:430 km/h (270 mph, 230 kn)
  • Range:1,600 km (990 mi, 860 nmi)
  • Service ceiling:7,620 m (25,000 ft)

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

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  1. ^"Domestic-Made Regional Jet ARJ21 to Be Delivered in 2014".Archived fromthe originalon March 11, 2014.
  2. ^"MA60".deagel.com.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedMarch 7,2016.
  3. ^Quốc sản MA60 ( tân chu 60 ) phi cơ giới thiệuArchivedAugust 29, 2010, at theWayback Machine,Sưu hồ quân sự tần đạo,16 August 2009
  4. ^"MA60 is derived from Y7-200A by the application of better-performance engine, state-of-the-art avionics package and new maintenance methodology."ArchivedFebruary 23, 2009, at theWayback Machine
  5. ^"Up close and personal with the Xi'an MA60 - The Jakarta Post".June 12, 2011. Archived fromthe originalon June 12, 2011.
  6. ^"Tonga travel advice - GOV.UK".www.gov.uk.Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2015.RetrievedJuly 3,2015.
  7. ^"Quality of Chinese-made plane questioned after crash".The Jakarta Post.May 9, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on May 10, 2011.RetrievedMay 9,2011.
  8. ^abcdeKomissarov & Gordon. “Chinese Aircraft”. Hikoki Publications. Manchester. 2008.ISBN978-1-902109-04-6
  9. ^Aviation Week & Space Technology,29 October 2007 issue, p. 66,Commercial Transport Update
  10. ^"World Airline Census 2018".Flightglobal.com.Archivedfrom the original on November 6, 2018.RetrievedAugust 26,2018.
  11. ^"China's JoyAir looks to shift main operating base".
  12. ^abcdefgh"World Air Forces 2022".Flightglobal Insight. 2022.RetrievedNovember 10,2022.
  13. ^"New order placed for MA60 artificial rain-making aircraft".Xinhua. 2018. Archived fromthe originalon June 22, 2018.RetrievedJune 22,2018.
  14. ^Chong, Aaron (May 11, 2015)."Joy MA60 accident likely to be type's fifth hull loss".Flightglobal.Archivedfrom the original on May 20, 2015.RetrievedJune 11,2015.
  15. ^Thompson, Chuck."'Unsafe' Chinese airplane hurting Tonga tourism ".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on June 13, 2015.RetrievedJune 11,2015.
  16. ^"PICTURE: Zest MA60 crashes on landing in Philippines".Flight International.January 12, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on January 26, 2012.RetrievedDecember 22,2011.
  17. ^"Philippines' Zest MA60 overshoots runway at Caticlan".Flight International.June 25, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedDecember 22,2011.
  18. ^"Three bodies from crashed Merpati plane burried [sic] in Papua ".Antara News. Archived fromthe originalon August 11, 2011.Retrieved9 May2011.
  19. ^"Indonesia: 'No survivors' after plane crashes off Papua".BBC News.May 7, 2011.Archivedfrom the original on May 8, 2011.RetrievedJune 22,2018.
  20. ^"Government Says Human Error to Blame for Merpati Airline Disaster".The Jakarta Globe.Archived fromthe originalon September 29, 2012.RetrievedJuly 3,2015.
  21. ^Hradecky, Simon (January 9, 2012)."Accident: TAM Bolivia MA60 at Guayaramerin on Jan 9th 2012, gear up landing".The Aviation Herald.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 10,2012.
  22. ^Hradecky, Simon (May 16, 2013)."Accident: Myanma MA60 at Monghsat on May 16th 2013, runway excursion".The Aviation Herald.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedMay 17,2013.
  23. ^Hradecky, Simon (June 10, 2013)."Accident: Merpati MA60 at Kupang on Jun 10th 2013, landed short of runway and broke up".The Aviation Herald.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedJune 11,2013.
  24. ^"Aircraft Accident Investigation Report (Preliminary) Merpati Nusantara Airlines Xi'An Aircraft Industry MA60; PK-MZO El Tari Airport, Kupang Republic of Indonesia, 10 June 2013"(PDF).National Transportation Safety Committee. July 9, 2013. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 25, 2013.RetrievedJanuary 10,2014.
  25. ^Hradecky, Simon (June 10, 2013)."Incident: Myanma MA60 at Kawthaung on Jun 10th 2013, runway excursion".The Aviation Herald.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedJune 11,2013.
  26. ^Trung thời điện tử báo."Tân trịnh cơ tràng phi cơ hàng lạc trụy địa vô nhân thương vong".Trung thời điện tử báo.Archivedfrom the original on January 16, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 16,2019.
  27. ^Hradecky, Simon (May 10, 2015)."Accident: Joy MA60 at Fuzhou on May 10th 2015, runway excursion on landing".The Aviation Herald.Archivedfrom the original on January 10, 2016.RetrievedMay 10,2015.
  28. ^"2015-11-13 Lao Skyway MA-60 off runway at Vientiane » JACDEC"(in German).JACDEC.RetrievedOctober 9,2019.
  29. ^Arrow, Brendan (July 10, 2013)."Tonga loses NZ aid over use of suspect Chinese aircraft".ABC News.Archivedfrom the original on March 5, 2017.RetrievedAugust 10,2013.
  30. ^Schwartz, Dominique (August 10, 2013)."New Zealand issues traveller warning over Tonga's MA60 plane safety".ABC News.Archivedfrom the original on March 5, 2017.RetrievedAugust 10,2013.
  31. ^"Tonga".Safe Travel.Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived fromthe originalon August 14, 2013.RetrievedAugust 10,2013.
  32. ^"Notorious Tongan plane at centre of NZ travel warning grounded".TVNZ. February 10, 2015.Archivedfrom the original on March 5, 2017.RetrievedAugust 17,2015.
  33. ^"MA60 threat to Tonga's sole domestic carrier".Radio New Zealand International. June 12, 2015.Archivedfrom the original on March 24, 2017.RetrievedAugust 17,2015.
  34. ^Daniel Stacey and Chun Han Wong (March 20, 2016)."China's MA60 safety record undermines aviation dream".Wall Street Journal.
  35. ^"Accident: Camair MA60 at Bafoussam on Mar 10th 2019, tail strike".March 26, 2019.RetrievedApril 1,2019.
  36. ^"Nepal Airlines retires MA-60s, Y12Es".Ch-Aviation. July 17, 2020.
  37. ^Jackson 2003, p. 95.
  38. ^Lednicer, David."The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage".m-selig.ae.illinois.edu.RetrievedApril 16,2019.
  • Jackson, Paul.Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004.Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003.ISBN0-7106-2537-5.
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