Xinye(simplified Chinese:Tân diệp;traditional Chinese:Tân diệp) is a historic village inDaciyan Town(Đại từ nhamTrấn),Jiande City,Hangzhou,in the west ofZhejiang Province.[1][2]Founded in theSouthern Song dynasty,Xinye is noted for its well-preservedMingandQingera architecture and ancient residential buildings.[3]Xinye is also known for holding ancestor worship ceremonies on the annualShangsi Festival,an ancient tradition that is only practiced by a few communities in China today, including Xinye.[4]In 2010 it was designated as a National Historic and Cultural Village of China.[5]
Xinye
Tân diệp thôn | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 | |
  Xinye Location in Zhejiang | |
| Coordinates:29°19′46″N119°20′08″E/ 29.3295°N 119.3356°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| Sub-provincial city | Hangzhou |
| County-level city | Jiande |
| Town | Daciyan |
| Established | 1219 |
| Founded by | Ye Kun |
| Population | |
| • Total | 3,900 |
Location
editXinye is located in westernZhejiang Province,in the southern part ofJiandeborderingLanxi.The village is governed by Daciyan town of Jiande city, which is in turn within the administrative boundary of the provincial capitalHangzhou.Xinye is overlooked on the northwest by Mount Yuhua (Ngọc hoa sơn) and Mount Daofeng (Đạo phong sơn). The main access road is National Highway 330, 6 kilometers from the village.[6]
History
editXinye was founded in 1219 during the reign ofEmperor Ningzongof theSouthern Song dynasty,when founder Ye Kun (Diệp khôn) moved to the area. Ye Kun's grandson Ye Kecheng (Diệp khắc thành,1250–1323) expanded the village, building Xishan Ancestral Hall (Tây sơn từ đường) on the western hills, and Youxu Ancestral Hall (Hữu tự đường) at the center of the village.[6]
Most of the 3,900 villagers today are surnamedYeand trace their lineage from Ye Kun through 29 generations. They are collectively called the Yuhua Ye Clan (Ngọc hoa diệp thị) after the mountain overlooking the village. During the eighth generation the village was further divided into subclans (Phái), each building its own ancestral hall. There are now five subclans: Chongren (Sùng nhân), Chongzhi (Sùng trí), Chongde (Sùng đức), Chongyi (Sùng nghĩa), and Yuqing (Dư khánh), with the Chongren subclan being the most prosperous.[6]
Architecture
editWith 16 ancestral halls and 230 white-washed ancient residences that are well preserved, Xinye is acclaimed as the largest open-air museum of ancient residences in China.[3][7][8]Its architectural style is similar to that of the nearby historicalHuizhouregion which includes World Heritage SitesHongcunandXidi.[6]
Xishan is the oldest among Xinye's ancestral halls, and is now part of the Xinye Elementary School. Youxu remains the village's main ancestral hall where the most important ceremonies are held,[7]though it is exceeded in size by Chongren Ancestral Hall of the eponymous subclan.[6]Other major landmarks include theMing dynastyTuanyun Pagoda (Đoàn vân tháp) and Wenchang Pavilion (Văn xương các).[8]Also near the village is Daci Rock (Đại từ nham), a Buddhist temple built on a sheer mountain cliff dating from the MongolYuan dynasty.[3]
The village's remote mountainous location and strong sense of clanship are the major reasons for its excellent state of preservation. Even during theCultural Revolutionwhen much of China's cultural heritage was systematically destroyed, the villagers protected the ancient buildings by plastering lime and posting papers with quotes ofMao Zedongon their sculptures and carvings.[7]
Culture
editThe main religious practice of the village is traditionalancestor worship;most temples in Xinye are dedicated to ancestors of the village or the subclans. To that end, the village has maintained a detailedgenealogy bookthrough the centuries, which is officially updated once everysexagenary cycle(60 years), accompanied by a major ceremony.[6]
While most regions of China celebrates theChinese New Yearas the main annual festival, in Xinye the most important festival is theShangsior Double Third, which falls on the third day of the third month of theChinese calendar.Shangsi Festival is an ancient tradition that is only practiced by a few local communities in China today.[4]The celebration includes a 3-kilometer ritual procession to Yuquan Temple (Ngọc tuyền tự) and back, and ancestor worship ceremonies and performances are held in many temples.[6]
In 2010 Xinye was designated as a National Historic and Cultural Village of China, and it plans to eventually apply forWorld Heritage Sitestatus together with nearbyZhugeandYuyuanvillages.[5]
Gallery
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^2016 niên thống kế dụng khu hoa đại mã hòa thành hương hoa phân đại mã: Đại từ nham trấn[2016 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Daciyan Town] (in Simplified Chinese).National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.2016.Retrieved13 July2018.
330182111232 220 tân diệp thôn ủy hội
- ^2001 niên hành chính khu hoa[Administrative Divisions as of 2001] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 26 December 2009.Retrieved13 July2018.
Đại từ nham trấn hạt: {...} tân diệp, {...} thôn ủy hội.
- ^abcEddy Chin (15 November 2011)."5 most scenic spots in Hangzhou".CNN.
- ^abWang, Zhi-han (12 February 2006)."Cultural Investigation of March 3rd Festival in Xinye Village".Journal of Anhui Institute of Education.
- ^abWang, Gengxin (6 November 2010).Tân diệp nhập tuyển “Trung quốc lịch sử văn hóa danh thôn”.Jiande News(in Simplified Chinese).
- ^abcdefgTân diệp thôn tế tổ thịnh điển nhất cá tông tộc 790 đa niên đích kiên thủ(in Chinese). Sohu. 6 September 2010.
- ^abcXu, Wenwen (16 January 2012)."Quaint village provides a simple glimpse of how life once was".Shanghai Daily.
- ^abTân diệp, trung quốc minh thanh kiến trúc đích “Lộ thiên bác vật quán”(in Chinese). Xinyecun.com.