ZF Friedrichshafen AG,also known asZF Group,originallyZahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen(lit.'Cogwheel Factory ofFriedrichshafen'), and commonly abbreviated toZF,is aGermantechnology manufacturing company that supplies systems for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and industrial technology. It is headquartered inFriedrichshafen,in the south-west German state ofBaden-Württemberg.Specializing in engineering, it is primarily known for its design, research and development, and manufacturing activities in theautomotive industryand is one of the largest automotive suppliers in the world. Its products includedrivelineandchassistechnology for cars and commercial vehicles, along with specialized plant equipment such as construction equipment. It is also involved in the rail, marine, defense and aviation industries, as well as general industrial applications. ZF has 162 production locations in 31 countries with approximately 168,700 (2023) employees.

ZF Friedrichshafen AG
FormerlyZahnradfabrik GmbH (1915—1921)
Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen AG (1921—1991)
Company typePrivate(Aktiengesellschaft)
IndustryEngineering &manufacturing:
Automotive industry(car and CV),
rail transport,
marine engineering,
aviation
PredecessorZF SachsEdit this on Wikidata
Founded20 August 1915;109 years ago(1915-08-20)
FounderFerdinand von Zeppelin
Alfred von Soden-Fraunhofen
Headquarters
Friedrichshafen,Baden-Württemberg
,
Germany
Number of locations
162 production locations in 31 countries
Area served
Worldwide[1]
Key people
ProductsTransmission systems,[1]
steering,axlecomponents, Electronic Systems,Advanced driver-assistance systems(ADAS), Inflatable Restraint Systems/Airbag,Seat Belt Systems, Brake Systems
ServicesDesign,Research and development
RevenueIncrease46.6 billion(2023)[3]
Increase€763 million(2023)[3]
Decrease€126 million(2023)[3]
Total assetsIncrease€39.170 billion(2023)[3]
Total equityIncrease€7.512 billion(2023)[3]
OwnersZeppelin Foundation(93.8%)
Dr. Jürgen und Irmgard Ulderup Foundation(6.2%)[4][5]
Number of employees
Increase167,738 (2023)[3]
DivisionsActive Safety Systems,[6]Car Chassis Technology,[6]
Electrified Powertrain Technology,[6]
Electronics & ADAS,[6]
Passive Safety Systems,[6]
Commercial Vehicle Solutions,[6]
Industrial Technology,[6]
Aftermarket[6]
Websitewww.zf.com

History

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Ferdinand von Zeppelinin 1915, photograph byTheodor Hilsdorf

The company was founded by CountFerdinand von Zeppelin,the inventor of the zeppelin airship and engineer Alfred von Soden-Fraunhofen in 1915 inFriedrichshafen,Germany as asubsidiaryofLuftschiffbau Zeppelin,to manufacture gears forzeppelinsand otherairships.[7]The GermanZahnradfabriktranslates to 'gear factory' orcogwheel factory' in English.

In 1999, the steering systems division was made separate and became the new ZF Lenksysteme GmbH, a joint venture between ZF Friedrichshafen andRobert Bosch GmbH.

Due to the2008 financial crisisZF took a €250 million loan from the state-ownedKfW Bankand embarked on a company-wide restructure that shut down unprofitable locations, particularly outside Germany, the total number of employees was reduced from 63,000 to 59,000 worldwide.[8]CEO Hans-Georg Härter stated that the combined effects of the loan and restructuring will eliminate the need for further employee reduction.[9]

On 16 September 2014, theWall Street Journalreported that ZF agreed to acquireTRW Automotive Holdingsfor $13.5 billion. The acquisition would create the world's second largest automotive parts concern, ranked just behindRobert Bosch GmbH.[10]For clearing way to acquireTRW Automotive Holdings,ZF Friedrichshafen AGsold its stake in ZF Lenksysteme GmbH toRobert Bosch GmbH.[11]ZF Lenksysteme GmbH has now been renamed as Robert Bosch Automotive Steering GmbH.[12]

In September 2020, ZF Friedrichshafen AG entered a partnership with Aeva Inc. to putLIDARsensors for self-driving vehicles, into production.[13]

Highlights

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Dr. Holger Klein,CEO

Some of the most important milestones:

  • 1919: ZF entered the automobile market, a move prompted by heavy restrictions on aircraft manufacturing imposed by theTreaty of Versailles.[14]
  • 1920: Patent application submitted for the Soden six speed transmission.
  • 1921: Under arampant inflationand investor fears, the company went public as the Zepernicker Zahnradfabrik, with the Zeppelin Luftschiffbau GmbH holding 80% of the stock options, valued at 4 millionmarks.
  • 1927: Moved toFriedrichshafenand changed the name to ZF Friedrichshafen.
  • 1929: A thriving auto industry warrants the series production of the innovative helical ZF Aphon transmission for cars and commercial vehicles.
  • 1932: Launch of steering systems production under license by ZF Lenksysteme GmbH.
  • 1944: On 3 August,[15]theZahnradfabrikwas bombedby the 304th BW/Fifteenth Air Force.[16]As early as 20 September 1942,Albert Speerhad warned Hitler of how important the Friedrichshafentankengine production and theSchweinfurtball-bearing facilitieswere.[17]After the bombing, the company was relocated to former location,Zepernickuntil the 1970s.[citation needed]
  • 1944: Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen created thePanzer IV hydrostatischer,the only tank that they modified with theirhydraulic drive.
  • 1953: Market launch of the first fully synchronised transmission for commercial vehicles worldwide.
  • 1961: Development of a fullyautomatic transmissionfor passenger cars. With series production beginning in 1969, and later proving highly popular, the 3HP20 is built to be swappable with the company'smanual transmissions.The 1960s sees ZF supplying transmissions to major German automakers (includingDKW,Mercedes-Benz,PorscheandBMW) as well asPeugeotandAlfa Romeo.
  • 1977: Start of volume production for automatic transmissions for commercial vehicles. Worldwide subsidiaries and factories were opened in the 1970s, and the company moved intoIndiaand South Korea.
  • 1980s: ZF started operating in Asia in the mid 80s[18]
  • 1984: Majority shareholding gained in Lemförder Metallwaren AG, rebranded as ZF Lemförder GmbH.
  • 1986: Start of U.S. transmission production inGainesville, Georgia,for pickup trucks. ZF became a major supplier toFordin the 1980s.
  • 1991: The5HP18was the first 5-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars. Introduced in 1991 on theBMW E36320i/325i andE345 Series
  • 1994: Development of an automatic transmission system for heavy commercial vehicles. The company expanded into China in the 1990s.
  • 1999: World premiere for the first automatic 6-speed transmission. Series production begins in 2001, with theBMW 7 Seriesas the first client. Today, ZF produces around one million six-speed automatic transmissions annually.
  • 2001: Acquisition of Mannesmann Sachs AG, renamedZF SachsAG.
  • 2001:Active Roll Stabilization(ARS) premiere onBMW 7 Series (E65)
  • 2002: Presentation of the world's first 4-point link – a newly developed chassis module for trucks and buses.
  • 2003: First deliveries of theActive Steeringsystems for passenger cars.
  • 2004: Ford starts volume production of thecontinuously variable transmissions(CVT) for passenger cars developed by ZF.
  • 2005: The 10-millionthairbagcasing, the 5-millionth passenger car axle system and the 2-millionth 'Servolectric' electric power steering system are delivered.
  • 2006: ZF produces the 10-millionth passenger car automatic transmission.
  • 2007: One of the world's first 8-speed automatic transmissions,[19][20]the8HP[21]boasted to achieve an 11% improvement in fuel economy in comparison with standard 6-speed automatic transmissions.[22]Production began in 2009.
  • 2008: Acquisition of keyboard manufacturersCherry Corporation.Incorporated into the ZF Electronics GmbH Corporate Division.
  • 2011: World premiere for the first automatic 9-speed transmission.[23][clarification needed].Land Rover demonstrated the world's first nine-speed automatic transmission for a passenger car at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. The ZF9HPtransmission is designed for transverse applications, and is one of the most efficient and technically advanced transmissions ever used in a production vehicle. Land Rover is the lead partner with ZF on this project.
  • 2013:Jeepannounces that ZF has developed a nine-speed automatic transmission for use in its all-new 2014Jeep Cherokee (KL)midsizedcrossover utility vehicle.
  • 2013: ZF Opensautomatic passenger car transmissionplant inGray Court, South Carolina,U.S.[24]
  • 2014: American auto parts manufacturerTRW Automotiveacquired for $13.5 billion.[25]
  • 2015: Acquired the Bosch Rexroth industrial gears and wind turbine gearbox unit (formerly Lohmann & Stolterfoht).[26]
  • 2019: ZF acquires occupant recognition software maker Simi Reality Motion Systems.[27]
  • 2019: ZF acquires auto part manufacturerWABCO.[28]
  • 2019: ZF to provide the entire electric powertrain of Mercedes EQC.[29][30]
  • 2020: ZF completes acquisition ofWABCO,which will be integrated into ZF as its Commercial Vehicle Control Systems Division.[31]
  • 2022: ZF andWolfspeedannounced a joint R&D center inGermanyto accelerate global Silicon Carbide system and device top innovation. ZF intends to invest in Wolfspeed, in order to support construction of the world’s most advanced and largest Silicon Carbide device fab. The partnership also includes a significant investment by ZF to support the planned construction of the world’s most advanced and largest 200mm Silicon Carbide device fab inEnsdorf,Germany.
  • 2023: ZF andHon Hai Technology Group( “Foxconn”) announced a 50-50 partnership in passenger car chassis systems, a key move aimed at accelerating and expanding automotive and supply chain opportunities with top-tier customers. Foxconn will acquire a 50-percent stake in ZF Chassis Modules GmbH.

Products

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ZF 8HP70 automatic gearbox
Electric-vehicle drive unit

ZF Friedrichshafen manufactures automatic and manual transmissions for cars, trucks, buses and construction equipment;chassiscomponents (ball joints, tie rods, cross-axis joints, stabiliser bars, control arms); shock absorbers and suspension struts; electronic damping systems includingContinuous Damping Control(CDC),Active Roll Stabilization(ARS); clutches;torque converters;differentials;axledrives; and industrial drives.

ZF products include[32]

  • drivelinetechnology (automatic, manual, servo, automated manual, special transmission, driveline components, rubber-metal technology, transfer case, hybrid system)
  • chassistechnology (chassis components and modules, steering technology, suspension systems)
  • additional technologies (electronic/software, diagnostic systems, precision plastic technology, lubricants)
  • Axle systems and drops

Applications

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ZF components are utilized across a diverse range of vehicles and machinery, including cars, trucks, buses,light commercial vehicles,off-roadequipment,rail vehicles,helicopters, motorcycles, lift trucks, machinery and system construction, test systems, cranes, as well as special marine, military and agricultural vehicles and equipment.

TheZFLenksysteme division, a joint venture between ZF andBosch,specializes in the production of steering systems and components. This includes steering columns, gears, pumps, Electric Power Steering (EPS), and Active Steering systems.

In response to the increasing adoption of automatic transmissions in buses, ZF developed theZF AS Tronictransmission.[33]The company also produces a range of manual and automatic transmissions for trucks and buses. Notably, ZF transmissions, such as theEcomatintroduced in 1980, are widely used in buses.

ZF Lemförder and ZF Sachs AG are specialized divisions within ZF, focusing on the production of both original equipment and aftermarket auto parts.

Divisions

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ZF Friedrichshafen is organized into nine divisions, each focusing on different aspects of automotive and industrial technology:[1]

Active Safety Systems

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Sales (2020): €4,987 million.

Products: Electronic Stability Control, Integrated Brake Control, Electric Park Brakes, Electrically Powered Steering Systems, and Electrically Powered Hydraulic Steering Systems.

Car Chassis Technology

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Sales (2020): €6,680 million.

Products: Chassis components for wheel guidance, complete front and rear axles, passive and semi-active dampers, and electromechanical active chassis systems.

Electrified Powertrain Technology

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Sales (2020): €8,459 million.

Products: Automatic Transmissions, Automated Manual Transmissions, Manual Transmissions, Dual-Clutch Automatic Transmissions, Powertrain Modules, Electronic Systems, Electric Motors, Electric Vehicle Drives, and Electronic Interfaces.

Electronics & ADAS

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Sales (2020): €1,561 million.

Products: Advanced driver assistance systems, sensor technologies, integrated electronics, advanced safety domain control units, safety electronics such as airbag electronic control units, and crash sensors for the automotive industry.

Passive Safety Systems

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Sales (2020): €3,503 million.

Products: Airbags, airbag inflators, seat belt systems, and steering wheels.

Commercial Vehicle Control Systems

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Sales (2020): €1,539 million.

Products: Braking control systems and advanced technologies that enhance the safety, efficiency, and connectivity of commercial vehicles.

Commercial Vehicle Technology

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Sales (2020): €3,307 million.

Products: Automated, manual, and powershift transmissions, drive components such as clutches and electric drives, ADAS technology including automated, camera and radar-based comfort and safety functions for trucks and buses, chassis systems, chassis components, and steering systems for vehicles.

Industrial Technology

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Sales (2020): €2,687 million. Products: Transmissions and axles for agricultural and construction machinery, driveline technology for material handling systems, rail and special vehicles, marine propulsion systems, aviation technology, gearboxes for wind turbines and industrial applications, and test systems for driveline and chassis technology.

Aftermarket

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Sales (2020): €2,522 million.

Brands: ZF, LEMFÖRDER, SACHS, TRW, and BOGE.

ZF TRW

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TRW Automotive, based inLivonia, Michigan,was originally the automotive division ofTRW Inc.,established in 2002. It specializes in designing, manufacturing, and sellingautomotive safety systems.With approximately 200 facilities and 66,100 employees across 26 countries, TRW Automotive was acquired by ZF Friedrichshafen in 2015 and now forms the Active & Passive Safety Technology division.

In October 2022, ZFspun offthe Passive Safety Systems division into a standalone entity, ZF Lifetec, focusing on vehicle safety tests and equipment.[34]

Overseas facilities

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ZF Group operates globally, with Europe as its primary market, followed by the Asia-Pacific region, North and SouthAmericaand Middle East & Africa.[promotion?]

The company maintains six research and development (R&D) centers worldwide to tailor product development to local markets, investing approximately 5% of its sales revenue annually in R&D.

Global locations of ZF Friedrichshafen AG

InGreat Britain,ZF has been active since 1973. The manufacturing base inDarlastonsupplies chassis components to the British automotive industry, including Jaguar, BMW, and Land Rover. ZF Great Britain Ltd. in Nottingham also has a remanufacturing facility and customer support operations.[35]

In theNAFTAregion, ZF operates 16 locations, including an R&D center nearDetroitand a manufacturing plant inLaurens County,South Carolina, which began production in 2013.[36]

ZF has a significant presence in Asia, focusing onChina,Korea, Japan, and Australia.LiuzhouZF Machinery Co., Ltd. in China, a joint venture withGuangxi LiuGong MachineryCo., manufactures driveline components for construction machinery.[citation needed]

ZF's presence in India includes joint ventures and license partnerships spanning over three decades. ZF India Private Ltd., operational since 2007 in Pune, focuses on axles, off-road driveline technology, and commercial vehicle technology. The facility includes factory buildings, a warehouse, and an aftermarket service facility.

See also

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References

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  1. ^abc"ZF divisions and business units – Organization".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.ZF.com. Archived fromthe originalon 23 March 2018.Retrieved23 March2018.
  2. ^"ZF ZF Supervisory Board appoints Dr. Holger Klein Chairman and CEO of ZF Friedrichshafen AG".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
  3. ^abcdefAnnual Report 2022(PDF)(Report). ZF Friedrichshafen AG.Retrieved21 March2023.
  4. ^"FAQs on Company".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
  5. ^"ZF Friedrichshafen AG Company Profile".D&B Hoovers.
  6. ^abcdefgh"Corporate Structure".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.Retrieved21 March2023.
  7. ^"Founders, Decision-Makers, Companions: Influential Figures in ZF History"(Press release). Friedrichshafen, Germany: ZF Friedrichshafen AG. 1 January 2015.
  8. ^"ZF kommt mit 2 blauen Augen durch Krise".Reutlingen-Tübingen(in German). IG Metall Reutlingen-Tübingen. 16 December 2009.
  9. ^"ZF erwartet Verlust".Auto, Motor und Sport.16 July 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 20 April 2015.Retrieved23 September2014.
  10. ^Boston, William (16 September 2014). "Merger creates auto-parts colossus".The Wall Street Journal.p. B1.
  11. ^Boston, William (15 September 2014)."Bosch Agrees to Buy German Auto-Parts Supplier's Share in Steering Venture".The Wall Street Journal.
  12. ^"Details Bosch Automotive Steering".Archived fromthe originalon 20 July 2016.Retrieved26 August2022.
  13. ^Nellis, Stephen (8 September 2020)."Aeva partners with auto supplier ZF to produce key self-driving sensors".Reuters.Retrieved15 September2020.
  14. ^"Founders, Decision-Makers, Companions: Influential Figures in ZF History"(Press release). Friedrichshafen, Germany: ZF Friedrichshafen AG. 1 January 2015.
  15. ^"August 1944 Missions".www.15thaf.org.
  16. ^"August 1944".461st Bombardment Group Association.461st.org.Retrieved19 September2009.
  17. ^Speer, Albert (1970) [1969 – German:Erinnerungen(Recollections)].Inside the Third Reich.Translated byRichard and Clara Winston.New York and Toronto: Macmillan. p.433.ISBN978-0-684-82949-4.LCCN70119132.
  18. ^ZF TraditionArchived14 October 2009 at theWayback Machineofficial website
  19. ^"8-speed automatic".Lexus-Europe.Lexus.eu. 2009.Retrieved19 September2009.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ZF develops 8-speed automatic transmission for passenger carsgizmag.com, 6. June 2010
  21. ^"The freedom to exceed limits".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.Archived fromthe originalon 19 April 2021.Retrieved18 September2009.
  22. ^"Fuel saving and minimizing CO2 emissions".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.Archived fromthe originalon 19 July 2009.Retrieved18 September2009.
  23. ^"ZF Develops 9-Speed Automatic Transmission for Passenger Cars".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.Retrieved12 January2011.
  24. ^"ZF Opens Passenger Car Transmission Plant in the U.S."(Press release).Gray Court/Friedrichshafen.26 July 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 15 August 2014.Retrieved3 August2013.
  25. ^ReutersTRW Takeover
  26. ^"Acquisition perfect: ZF acquires industrial gears and wind turbine gearbox segment from Bosch Rexroth".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.
  27. ^"ZF to acquire software specialist for occupant recognition".Autocar Professional.
  28. ^"ZF to acquire Wabco for $7 billion".Autocar Professional.28 March 2019.Retrieved11 October2019.
  29. ^"Mercedes Delayed US Deliveries of Its Electric EQC To Focus on EU Sales, But There Doesn't Seem To Be Any".Jalopnik.5 January 2020.
  30. ^Sommerfeldt, Nando (3 January 2020)."Nur 19 Autos im November zugelassen – Mercedes' elektrischer Hoffnungsträger floppt".Die Welt.
  31. ^"ZF Completes WABCO Acquisition"(Press release). Friedrichshafen, Germany: ZF Friedrichshafen AG. 29 May 2020.Retrieved4 August2020– via PR Newswire.
  32. ^product overviewArchived28 May 2010 at theWayback Machineofficial website, 2010
  33. ^AS TronicArchived10 June 2012 at theWayback Machinepdf, May 2010
  34. ^"ZF rebrands its Passive Safety Systems division to ZF LIFETEC"(Press release).Friedrichshafen,Germany:ZF Friedrichshafen AG. 25 March 2024.
  35. ^locations worldwideArchived5 July 2009 at theWayback Machineofficial website, 2010
  36. ^"ZF worldwide: North America".ZF Friedrichshafen AG.6 July 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 6 July 2010.official website, 2010
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