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Zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE) is a material created by the combination ofzinc oxideandeugenolcontained inclove oil.Anacid–base reactiontakes place with the formation of zinc eugenolate chelate. The reaction is catalysed by water and is accelerated by the presence of metal salts. ZOE can be used as a dental filling material ordental cementindentistry.[1][2]It is often used in dentistry when the decay is very deep or very close to the nerve or pulp chamber. Because the tissue inside the tooth, i.e. thepulp,reacts badly to the drilling stimulus (heat and vibration), it frequently becomes severely inflamed and precipitates a condition called acute or chronicpulpitis.This condition usually leads to severe chronic tooth sensitivity or actual toothache and can then only be treated with the removal of the nerve (pulp) calledroot canal therapy.For persons with adry socketas a complication of tooth extraction, packing the dry socket with a eugenol-zinc oxide paste on iodoform gauze is effective for reducing acute pain.[3]The placement of a ZOE "temporary" for a few to several days prior to the placement of the final filling can help to sedate the pulp. But, ZOE had in vitro cytotoxicity majorly due to release of Zn ions, not eugenol.[4]In spite of severe in vitrocytotoxicity,ZOE showed relatively goodbiocompatibilityin animal study when ZOE was applied on dentin.[5]When ZOE was used as dentin-protective based materials, use of dental composite resin on ZOE was strongly prevented due to its inhibition of resin polymerization through radical scavenging effect.[6]It is classified as an intermediate restorative material and hasanaestheticandantibacterialproperties. The exact mechanism of anesthetic effect from ZOE was not revealed perfectly, but possibly throughanti-inflammatoryeffect, modulating immune cells to less inflamed status.[7]
It is sometimes used in the management ofdental cariesas a "temporaryfilling".ZOE cements were introduced in the 1890s.
Zinc oxide eugenol is also used as an impression material during construction of completedenturesand is used in the mucostatic technique of takingimpressions,usually in a special tray, (acrylic) produced after primary alginate impressions. However, ZOE is not usually used if the patient has large undercuts or tuberosities, whereby silicone impression materials would be better suited.
Zinc oxide eugenol is also used as anantimicrobialadditive in paint.
Types
editAccording to ANSI/ADA Specification no:30 (ISO 3107) and depending on intended use and individual formulation designed for each specific purpose.
Composition
editThe chemical composition of ZOE is typically:[8]
- Zinc oxide,~69.0%
- White (bleached) rosin,~29.3%
- Zinc acetate,~1.0% (improves strength)
- Zinc stearate,~0.7% (acts as accelerator)
- Liquid (eugenol,~85%,olive oil~15%)
ZOE impression pastes are sold in two separate tubes. The first tube contains zinc oxide and vegetable or mineral oil, while the second tube contains eugenol and rosin. The vegetable or mineral oil acts as aplasticizerand helps to counteract the irritant action of eugenol.
Clove oil, which contains 70% to 85% eugenol, is sometimes used instead of eugenol because it causes less burning sensation in patients when it comes into contact with soft tissues. Rosin added to the paste in the second tube speeds up the reaction and produces a smoother, more homogeneous product.
Canada balsamandBalsam of Peruare often used to increase flow and improve mixing properties. If the mixed paste is too thin or lacks body before it sets, a filler (such as awax) or an inert powder (such askaolin,talc,ordiatomaceous earth) may be added to one or both of the original pastes.
References
edit- ^Jack L. Ferracane,Materials in Dentistry: Principles and Applications,2001, 2d Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,ISBN0-7817-2733-2
- ^Richard van Noort, 2002,Introduction to Dental Materials,2d Edition, Elsevier Health Sciences,ISBN0-7234-3215-5
- ^Tarakji B, Saleh LA, Umair A, Azzeghaiby SN, Hanouneh S (April 2015)."Systemic review of dry socket: aetiology, treatment, and prevention".J Clin Diagn Res.9(4): ZE10–3.doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/12422.5840.PMC4437177.PMID26023661.
- ^Lee, Jung-Hwan; Lee, Hae-Hyoung; Kim, Kyoung-Nam; Kim, Kwang-Mahn (2016-05-01)."Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc ions and eugenol during setting of ZOE in immortalized human oral keratinocytes grown as three-dimensional spheroids".Dental Materials.32(5): e93–e104.doi:10.1016/j.dental.2016.01.003.ISSN0109-5641.PMID26960744.
- ^Sabir, Ardo; Tabbu, Charles R.; Agustiono, Purwanto; Sosroseno, Wihaskoro (2005)."Histological analysis of rat dental pulp tissue capped with propolis".Journal of Oral Science.47(3): 135–138.doi:10.2334/josnusd.47.135.ISSN1343-4934.PMID16313091.
- ^Carvalho, Ceci Nunes; Bauer, José roberto De Oliveira; Loguercio, Alessandro Dourado; Reis, Alessandra (2007)."Effect of Zoe Temporary Restoration on Resin-Dentin Bond Strength Using Different Adhesive Strategies".Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry.19(3): 144–152.doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00087.x.ISSN1708-8240.PMID17518904.
- ^Lee, Jung-Hwan; Lee, Hae-Hyoung; Kim, Hae-Won; Yu, Je-Wook; Kim, Kyoung-Nam; Kim, Kwang-Mahn (2017-01-01)."Immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory effect of ZOE-based dental materials".Dental Materials.33(1): e1–e12.doi:10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.012.ISSN0109-5641.PMID27726970.
- ^Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Pastes -A Study of an impression material- Chung Suck Lee, D.D.S.
A D Wilson and J W Nicholson, Acid-Base Cements, 1993,ISBN0-521-37222-4,Chapter 9