A biosurvey, or a biological survey, is a scientific study of organisms to assess the condition of an ecological resource, such as a water body.
Overview
editBiosurveys are used by government agencies responsible for management of public lands, environmental planning and/or environmental regulation to assess ecological resources, such as rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands. They involve collection and analysis of animal and/or plant samples which serve as bioindicators. The studies may be conducted by professional scientists or volunteer organizations. They are conducted according to published procedures to ensure consistency in data collection and analysis, and to compare findings to established metrics.
Biosurveys typically use metrics such as species composition and richness (e.g. number of species, extent of pollution-tolerant species), and ecological factors (number of individuals, proportion of predators, presence of disease). Biosurveys may identify pollution problems that are difficult or expensive to detect using chemical testing procedures.[1]
A biosurvey may be used to generate an index of biological integrity (IBI), a scoring system for an ecological resource.[1]
Water resource biosurveys
editProtocols for conducting biosurveys of water resources have been published by state government agencies[2] and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).[3] Agencies use these protocols to implement the Clean Water Act. Similar protocols have been published by volunteer organizations.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Karr, James R. (1981). "Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities". Fisheries. 6 (6): 21–27. doi:10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1548-8446.
- ^ Mack, John J. (2001). "Ohio Rapid Assessment Method for Wetlands, Manual for Using Version 5.0." Ohio EPA Technical Bulletin Wetland/2001-1-1. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water, 401 Wetland Ecology Unit, Columbus, Ohio. Documents available for download at Ohio EPA Wetland Ecology Section.
- ^ Barbour, M.T.; Gerritsen, J.; Snyder, B.D.; Stribling, J.B. (1999). Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish (Report) (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Water. EPA 841-B-99-002.
- ^ Izaak Walton League of America. Gaithersburg, MD."Biological Stream Monitoring." Archived November 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Accessed December 21, 2008.
External links
edit
- Biological Assessment of Water Quality – US EPA
- Guide to Aquatic Invertebrates - WV Save Our Streams Program Archived 2014-11-08 at the Wayback Machine
- Online biomonitoring of water quality by a permanent record of bivalve molluscs' behavior and physiology (biological rhythms, growth rate, spawning, early warning), 24/7, worldwide: the MolluSCAN eye Archived 2016-11-13 at the Wayback Machine project