1991 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such asStreet Fighter II,Final Fantasy IV,Super Castlevania IV,Mega Man 4,Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts,andThe Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past,along with new titles such asSonic the Hedgehog,Battletoads,Lemmings,Sunset Riders,Duke Nukem,Fatal Fury: King of Fighters,andStreets of Rage.The year's highest-grossing video game worldwide wasCapcom's arcadefighting gameStreet Fighter II.The year's best-selling system was theGame Boyfor the second year in a row, while the year's best-selling home video game wasSega'sSonic the Hedgehog,which was also the year's topvideo game rentalin the United States.
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Top-rated games
editGame of the Year awards
editThe following titles wonGame of the Yearawards for 1991.
FamitsuPlatinum Hall of Fame
editThe following video game releases in 1991 enteredFamitsumagazine's "Platinum Hall of Fame" for receivingFamitsu scoresof at least 35 out of 40.[7]
| Title | Platform | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Score (out of 40) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce(A Link to the Past) | Super Famicom | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | 39 |
| Final Fantasy IV | Super Famicom | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | 36 |
| Lemmings | Super Famicom | Sunsoft | Sunsoft | Strategy | 35 |
Financial performance
editHighest-grossing arcade games
editThe year's highest-grossing game worldwide wasStreet Fighter II,which alone accounted for an estimated 60% of the globalarcade gamemarket, according toCoinslotmagazine.[8]The following table lists the year's top-grossingarcade gamein Japan, the United Kingdom, United States, and worldwide.
| Market | Title | Hardware sales | Coin drop earnings | Inflation | Manufacturer | Genre | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 17,000 | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [9][10] |
| United Kingdom | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 10,000 | $229 million+ | $510 million+ | Capcom | Fighting | [8] |
| United States | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [11][12] | |
| Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Unknown | Unknown | Konami | Beat 'em up | [13] | ||
| Australia | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Unknown | Unknown | Capcom | Fighting | [14] | |
| Worldwide | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | 50,000 | Capcom | Fighting | [8][10] | ||
Japan
editIn Japan, the following titles were the top ten highest-grossing arcade games of 1991, according to the annualGamestandGame Machinecharts.
| Rank | Gamest[9] | Game Machine[10] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Type | ||
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Software conversion kit |
| 2 | Final Fight | Tetris(Sega) | Software conversion kit |
| 3 | Final Lap 2 | Columns | Software conversion kit |
| 4 | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | Final Lap 2 | Standard cabinet |
| 5 | Raiden | Deluxe cabinet | |
| 6 | Super Monaco GP | Super Volley '91(Power Spikes) | Software conversion kit |
| 7 | Clutch Hitter | Quiz Tonosama no Yabō | |
| 8 | GP Rider | Final Fight | Software conversion kit |
| 9 | Super Volley '91(Power Spikes) | World Stadium '90 | Software conversion kit |
| 10 | Dragon Saber | Columns II | Software conversion kit |
United States
editIn the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossingarcade video gamesof 1991.
| Rank | AAMA[11][12][15] | AMOA[16][17] | Play Meter | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Award | Arcade conversionkit | Dedicatedarcade cabinet | ||
| 1 | Street Fighter II: The World Warrior | Diamond | Street Fighter II | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles | Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles[13] |
| 2 | The Simpsons, Neo Geo MVS |
Platinum | Capcom Bowling, Final Fight, High Impact Football, Raiden |
Hard Drivin', Neo Geo MVS, Pit Fighter, Race Drivin' |
Unknown |
| 3 | |||||
| 4 | High Impact Football | Gold | |||
| 5 | Final Lap 2 | Silver | |||
Hong Kong and Australia
editIn Hong Kong and Australia, the following titles were the top-grossing arcade games on the monthly charts in 1991.
| Month | Hong Kong(Bondeal) | Australia(Timezone) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arcade conversionsoftware kit | Dedicatedarcade cabinet | Ref | Dedicated | Conversion | Ref | ||||
| January | Super Pang | Big Run | Cisco Heat | [18][19] | Unknown | Unknown | |||
| February | Escape Kids | Street Fighter II | Cisco Heat | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | [19][20] | |||
| March | Street Fighter II | Hard Drivin' | Big Run | F-15 Strike Eagle | [20][21][22] | ||||
| April | Street Fighter II | Gun Force | F-15 Strike Eagle | [22][23] | |||||
| May | Street Fighter II | F-15 Strike Eagle | Hard Drivin' | [23][24] | |||||
| June | Hard Drivin' | [24][25] | |||||||
| July | Street Fighter II | Mutant Fighter | [25][26] | ||||||
| August | Mutant Fighter | D. D. Crew | Hard Drivin' | Time Traveler | [26][27] | ||||
| September | WWF WrestleFest | Street Fighter II | Time Traveler | Hard Drivin' | [27][28] | ||||
| October | Street Fighter II | Vendetta | Hard Drivin' | Race Drivin' | [28] | Final Lap 2 | Spider-Man | [29] | |
| 1991 | Street Fighter II | [14] | |||||||
Best-selling home systems
edit| Rank | System(s) | Manufacturer | Type | Generation | Sales | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan | USA | Europe | Korea | Worldwide | |||||
| 1 | Game Boy | Nintendo | Handheld | 8-bit | 1,940,000[30] | 4,000,000[31] | 1,400,000[32] | Unknown | 7,340,000+ |
| 2 | Super NES | Nintendo | Console | 16-bit | 3,150,000[30] | 1,900,000+[33] | — | — | 5,050,000+ |
| 3 | NES/Famicom | Nintendo | Console | 8-bit | 1,240,000[30] | 2,100,000[31] | 500,000+[34] | 100,000[35] | 3,940,000+ |
| 4 | Mega Drive/Genesis | Sega | Console | 16-bit | 700,000[30] | 1,600,000+[36] | 815,000[37] | 51,000[35] | 3,166,000+ |
| 5 | IBM PC | IBM | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,910,000[38] |
| 6 | Macintosh | Apple Inc. | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 2,100,000[39] |
| 7 | Master System | Sega | Console | 8-bit | Unknown | < 50,000[40] | 1,745,000[37] | 160,000[35] | 1,905,000+ |
| 8 | NEC PC-88/PC-98 | NEC | Computer | 8-bit/16-bit | 1,720,000[41][42] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 1,720,000+ |
| 9 | Game Gear | Sega | Handheld | 8-bit | 400,000[30] | 600,000+[43] | 520,000[37] | Unknown | 1,520,000+ |
| 10 | Amiga | Commodore | Computer | 16-bit | — | — | — | — | 1,035,000[39] |
Best-selling home video games
editSonic the Hedgehogwas the best-selling home video game of 1991,[44]with2 millioncopies sold worldwide during the year.[45]
Japan
editIn Japan, according toFamicom Tsūshin(Famitsu) magazine, the following titles were the top ten best-selling 1991 releases, including later sales in 1992.[46]
| Rank | Title | Developer | Publisher | Genre | Platform | Sales |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce(A Link to the Past) | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | < 1,160,000[47] |
| 2 | Final Fantasy IV(Final Fantasy II) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 3 | Yoshi | Game Freak | Nintendo | Puzzle | Famicom | Unknown |
| 4 | Game Boy | |||||
| 5 | Ganbare Goemon: Yukihime Kyūshutsu Emaki(Mystical Ninja) | Konami | Konami | Action-adventure | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 6 | SaGa 3: Jikū no Hasha(Final Fantasy Legend III) | Squaresoft | Squaresoft | Role-playing | Game Boy | < 650,000[48] |
| 7 | Chō Makaimura(Super Ghouls 'n Ghosts) | Capcom | Capcom | Action-platformer | Super Famicom | Unknown |
| 8 | SimCity | Nintendo EAD | Nintendo | City-building | ||
| 9 | Super Wagan Land | Namco | Platformer | |||
| 10 | Super Formation Soccer(Super Soccer) | Human Entertainment | Sports(football) | Super Famicom | < 600,000[49] | |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games on theFamitsucharts in 1991. The charts were bi-weekly up until July 1991, when they switched to a weekly format.
| Month | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Unknown | Super Mario World(Super Famicom) | [50] | ||
| February | Super Mario World(Super Famicom) | ||||
| March | [50][51] | ||||
| April | Ultraman(Super Famicom) | Super Mario World(Super Famicom) | |||
| May | Super Mario World(Super Famicom) | SimCity(Super Famicom) | [50][51][52] | ||
| June | SimCity(Super Famicom) | Magical Taruruto(Game Boy) | [50] | ||
| July | SimCity(Super Famicom) | Super R-Type(SFC) | Final Fantasy IV(Super Famicom) | ||
| August | Unknown | Unknown | Final Fantasy IV(SFC) | Dragon Ball Z II: Gekishin Freeza(FC) | [50][53] |
| September | Final Fantasy IV(Super Famicom) | Chibi Maruko-chan 2(GB) | Mario Open Golf(Famicom) | [53][54][55] | |
| October | Chō Makaimura(Super Famicom) | [55][56][57] | |||
| November | Chō Makaimura(Super Famicom) | Akumajō Dracula(SFC) | Super Mario World(SFC) | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce(SFC) | [50][58] |
| December | Zelda no Densetsu: Kamigami no Triforce(SFC)[58] | Mega Man 4(FC) | SaGa 3(Game Boy) | [50][59][60] | |
United Kingdom
editIn the United Kingdom, the following titles were the best-selling home video games on the monthlyComputer and Video Games(CVG) charts in 1991.
| Month | Home computers | Sega Mega Drive | PC Engine | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles(C64) | Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse | Out Run | [61] |
| February | Speedball 2: Brutal Deluxe(Amiga) | [62] | ||
| March | Lemmings(Amiga) | Gynoug | Parasol Stars | [63] |
| April | Magicland Dizzy(ZX Spectrum) | Midnight Resistance | [64] | |
| May | [65] | |||
| June | Sonic the Hedgehog | Legend of Hero Tonma | [66] | |
| July | Bubble Bobble(ZX Spectrum) | — | [67] | |
| August | Manchester United Europe | — | — | [68] |
| September | Jimmy White's 'Whirlwind' Snooker | Streets of Rage | PC Kid 2 | [69] |
| October | Terminator 2: Judgment Day | Mercs | Hit the Ice | [70] |
| November | Lotus Turbo Challenge 2 | QuackShot | Time Cruise II | [71] |
| December | WWF WrestleMania | RoboCod | Gradius | [72][73] |
United States
editIn the United States, the following titles were the top three best-selling home video game releases of 1991.
| Rank | Title | Platform | Sales | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | 1,000,000+ | [44] |
| 2 | Super Mario World | Super Nintendo Entertainment System | Unknown | [74] |
| 3 | F-Zero |
The following titles were the best-selling home video games of each month in 1991.
| Month | All platforms | Nintendo consoles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Title | Platform | Ref | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Ref | |
| May | Unknown | Unknown | Super Mario Bros. 3(NES) | [75] | ||||
| June | Unknown | Unknown | [76][77] | |||||
| August | Sonic the Hedgehog | Sega Genesis | [78] | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
| September | Unknown | Tetris(NES) | Super Mario World(Super NES) | Unknown | [79] | |||
| October | Super Mario World(Super NES)[80][81][82] | |||||||
| November | Unknown | |||||||
| December | [44] | Super Mario World(Super NES)[83][84][85] | ||||||
Events
editNotable releases
edit- January - The first two THQ releases came out in stores.
- February 14 –DMA DesignreleasesLemmings,a puzzle game that requires the player to lead a group ofanthropomorphiclemmingsthrough a dangerous environment to an escape portal.
- March –AOL,SSI,TSRandStormfront Studioscollaborate and launchNeverwinter Nights,credited as the first graphicalMMORPG.
- March 7 –CapcomreleasesStreet Fighter IIfor arcades.[86][87]It becomes highly successful and is routinely listed as the grandfather of thefighting gamegenre. It is also credited with revitalizing thearcade gameindustry at the time,[88]and popularizing direct tournament-level competition between players.[89]
- May 6 –Sierra On-Linereleases The Sierra Network, which is also credited as the first graphicalMMORPG(due to its inclusion ofThe Shadow of Yserbius), TSN would later become its more memorable name, ImagiNation Network, after a total buyout fromAT&Tin 1994.
- June 23 –SegareleasesSonic the Hedgehogfor theSega Genesiswhich later becomes thepack-in gameand defining title for the console. It introduces theeponymous character,who would go on to be Sega'smascot.Sega also releases a version of the game for theMaster SystemandGame Gear.
- July 19 –SquarereleasesFinal Fantasy IVin Japan, the firstFinal Fantasygame for theSuper Famicom(released in November asFinal Fantasy IIin North America).
- August 13 –Intelligent SystemsreleasesSimCityfor theSuper Nintendo Entertainment System.
- August 23 –NintendoreleasesSuper Mario WorldandF-Zeroalong with theSuper Nintendo Entertainment Systemin North America.Super Mario Worldwas the original pack-in game for the SNES. The game introduces theYoshicharacter to theMarioseries.
- September –NamcoreleasesStarbladefor arcades, featuring one of the earliest instances of real-time 3D graphics in video games.
- September –Electronic Artsreleases motorcycle racing combat gameRoad RashforSega Genesis,starting the series.
- October 14 - Nintendo releasesMario The Juggler,the finalGame & Watchtitle.
- November –NintendoreleasesMetroid II: Return of Samusfor theGame Boyin North America.
- November –Delphine Softwarereleases cinematic action-adventure gameAnother Worldfor theAmiga,which usespolygonsinstead ofsprites.
- November 21 –NintendoreleasesThe Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Pastfor theSuper FamicominJapan.
- November 25 –SNKreleasesFatal Fury: King of Fightersfor theNeo Geo.
- December 1 –LucasArtsreleasesMonkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revengefor Amiga, MS-DOS, Macintosh, and FM Towns.
- December 4 –KonamireleasesSuper Castlevania IVfor SNES in North America.
- December 6 –Mega Man 4is released in Japan.
- December 13 –TecmoreleasesTecmo Super BowlforNES,the follow-up to 1989'sTecmo Bowl.
- December 16 –MicroProsereleasesCivilization.As of 2005, it is stillSid Meier's most successful game.
- Team17releaseAlien Breed,the first of the series, for theAmiga.
Hardware
edit
- July –Atariupdates theirLynxhandheld system with a smaller form-factor, better screen, and longer battery life.
- August 23 –Super Nintendo Entertainment Systemreleased inNorth America.
- December 1 –Segareleases theMega-CDinJapan.
- September –S3launches with the 86C911, often regarded as the first significantgraphics acceleratorchip for theMicrosoft Windowsplatform.
Business
edit- New companies:Vicarious Visions,Inc,id Software,Bungie,Silicon & Synapse (now known asBlizzard Entertainment),The 3DO Company(founded as SMSG, Inc.),Cyberdreams
- In August,Game Informer(a monthly video game magazine) is released for the first time.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^abCarter, Chip; Carter, Jonathan (November 15, 1991)."A Few of Chip and Jonathan Carter's Favorite Things".Chicago Tribune.RetrievedOctober 28,2021.
- ^Electronic Gaming Monthly's 1992 Video Game Buyer's Guide,pages 60-61
- ^ab"News".Zero.No. 33 (July 1992). June 11, 1992. pp. 8–9.
- ^"Luvvies! Dahlings!".The One(44). EMAP: 17. May 1992.RetrievedAugust 26,2015.
- ^"'91ベストヒットゲーム đại thưởng "['91 Best Hit Game Awards].Famicom Tsūshin(in Japanese). No. 163. January 31, 1992. pp. 22–7.
- ^"Đệ ５ hồi ゲーメスト đại thưởng"[5th Gamest Awards].Gamest(in Japanese). Vol. 68 (February 1992). December 28, 1991. pp. 3–17.alternate url
- ^"Tuần san ファミ thông クロスレビュープラチナ điện phủ nhập りソフト một lãm"[Weekly Famitsu Cross Review Platinum Hall of Fame Software List].Geimin(in Japanese). Archived fromthe originalon October 27, 2008.RetrievedFebruary 24,2021.
- ^abc"The making of Street Fighter 2 - a video game legend"(PDF).Mega.No. 10 (July 1993). June 17, 1993. pp. 14-35 (18-21).
- ^ab"Đệ ５ hồi ゲーメスト đại thưởng 〜 インカム bộ môn ベスト10"[5th Gamest Awards – Income Category: Best 10].Gamest(in Japanese). Vol. 68 (February 1992). December 28, 1991. pp. 3-17 (15).alternate url
- ^abc""Final Fight II" and "Final Lap 2" Top Videos: Video Games of The Year '91 "(PDF).Game Machine(in Japanese). No. 419.Amusement Press, Inc.February 1, 1992. p. 26.
- ^ab"ACME '92: Play Meter and AAMA present annual awards".Play Meter.Vol. 18, no. 5. April 1992. pp. 66, 68.
- ^ab"Coin Machine - Seven Manufacturers Receive AAMA Awards"(PDF).Cashbox:25. April 18, 1992.ISSN0008-7289.
- ^ab"1991".Play Meter.Vol. 20, no. 13. December 1994. p. 86.
- ^ab""Street Fighter II' CE" Has Legs ".Leisure Line.Australia: Leisure & Allied Industries. June 1992. p. 3.
- ^"AAMA Awards".RePlay.Vol. 17, no. 7. April 1992. pp. 120, 122.
- ^"Game Awards".RePlay.Vol. 16, no. 12. September 1991. p. 57.
- ^"Are the Stars Out Tonight?".RePlay.Vol. 17, no. 1. October 1991. p. 128.
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- ^"Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - テーブル hình TVゲーム cơ (Table Videos)"(PDF).Game Machine(in Japanese). No. 401.Amusement Press, Inc.April 15, 1991. p. 17.
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- ^ab"The Bondeal Chart".RePlay.Vol. 16, no. 10. July 1991. p. 134.
- ^ab"The Bondeal Chart".RePlay.Vol. 16, no. 11. August 1991. p. 96.
- ^ab"The Bondeal Chart".RePlay.Vol. 16, no. 12. September 1991. p. 226.
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- ^ab"The Bondeal Chart".RePlay.Vol. 17, no. 2. November 1991. p. 90.
- ^"Test Reports".Leisure Line.Australia: Leisure & Allied Industries. November 1991. p. 20.
- ^abcdeTiểu xuyên (Ogawa), thuần sinh (Sumio) (December 14, 2010)."テレビゲーム cơ の 変 dời —ファミコン, スーパーファミコン, プレステ, プレステ2, Wiiまで—"[Recent Developments in Video Game Technology in Japan — Famicom, Super Famicom, Play Station, Play Station 2 and Wii —](PDF).Kinh 営 luận tập (Keiei Ronshū)(in Japanese) (77) (published March 2011): 1-17 (2).ISSN0286-6439.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on July 25, 2015.RetrievedDecember 6,2021– via Toyo University Academic Information Repository (Toyo University).
- ^ab"Nintendo cuts retail prices on video games".United Press International.January 9, 1992.RetrievedDecember 13,2021.
- ^Pettus, Sam; Munoz, David; Williams, Kevin; Barroso, Ivan (December 20, 2013).Service Games: The Rise and Fall of SEGA: Enhanced Edition.Smashwords Edition. p. 422.ISBN978-1-311-08082-0.
- ^Mulzac, Lystra (January 10, 1992)."Games people play".Ocala Star-Banner.p. 10.
- ^"Everyone's gone Nintendo crazy!".Total!.United Kingdom:Future plc.January 1992. p. 4.
- ^abc게임월드[Game World] (in Korean). 1994.
- ^"World news"(PDF).MegaTech.United Kingdom:EMAP(published March 20, 1992). April 1992. p. 17.
- ^abc"Final Sales Figures Through".Sega Pro(published March 19, 1992). April 1992.
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- ^abReimer, Jeremy (December 15, 2005)."Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures".Ars Technica.Archivedfrom the original on June 7, 2012.RetrievedNovember 27,2021.
- Jeremy Reimer (December 7, 2012)."Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2010".Jeremy Reimer.
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Master
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- ^Ozsomer, Aysegul (1993). "The Japanese Personal Computer Market".A Dynamic Analysis of Entry Rates in the Global Personal Computer Industry.Michigan State University(Department of Marketing and Logistics). p. 36.
Traditionally, dominated by Japanese vendors, the market had reached 2.5 million units in 1989, and 3.3 million units in 1991 (Dataquest Inc.)
- ^Morrison, Mike; Morrison, Sandie (1994).The Magic of Interactive Entertainment.Sams Publishing.p. 54.ISBN978-0-672-30590-0.
The Sega Game Gear, a portable video game system, was also released in 1991. Game Gear featured a color display with an 8-bit microprocessor, it was an instant success, selling over 600,000 units in its first year.
- ^abcKalinske, Tom(November 24, 1992).Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Launch (Sonic 2sday).Sega of America.Archivedfrom the original on December 12, 2021.RetrievedOctober 2,2021.
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