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Eóganachta

TheEóganachta(ModernIrish:Eoghanachta,pronounced[ˈoːnˠəxt̪ˠə]) were an Irish dynasty centred onCashelwhich dominated southernIreland(namely theKingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries,[1]and following that, in a restricted form, theKingdom of Desmond,and its offshootCarbery,to the late 16th century. By tradition the dynasty was founded byConall Corcbut named after his ancestorÉogan,the firstborn son of the semi-mythological 3rd-century kingAilill Aulom.This dynastic clan-name, for it was never in any sense a 'surname,' should more accurately be restricted to those branches of the royal house which descended from Conall Corc, who established Cashel as his royal seat in the late 5th century.[2]

Eóganachta
CountryIreland
Founded5th century
FounderConall Corc
Current headOwen Mac Owen Mc Donogh Mc Carthy Mor
Titles

High Kingship issue

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Although the Eóganachta were powerful in Munster, they never provided Ireland with aHigh King.Serious challenges to theUí Néillwere however presented byCathal mac FinguineandFeidlimid mac Cremthanin.They were not widely recognized as High Kings orKings of Tara,as they did not belong to the Uí Néill, but they controlled territories as large or larger than those of the other dynasty. The kings of theHill of Tarawere sometimes called High Kings but were not recognized as kings of all Ireland in the historical period.[3][4]However, this is to put the supposed position of "High King of Ireland" on a platform that it probably never enjoyed. The social structure of Gaelic Ireland was extremely complex, hierarchically oriented and aristocratic in concept. At the summit of society stood the king of a province, variously styled in the law texts as "King of great kings" (Irish:rí ruirech), "Chief of kings" (Irish:ollam ríg) and "The ultimate king of every individual" (Irish:rí bunaid cach cinn).[5]From his justice there was no appeal, nor did theBrehon Lawacknowledge the existence of the High Kingship of Ireland.[5]Theri ruirechhad no legal superior. In Munster this legal theory was explicitly adhered to by the annalists who styled the provincial kings as "High King" (Irish:ard rí), thereby stressing his absolute sovereignty.[6]As the concept of the High Kingship of Ireland was developed from the 9th century onwards by the Uí Néill clan, the kings of Munster counterbalanced that historically inaccurate doctrine by stressing their alternative right to that title, or instead the enjoyment of full sovereignty inLeth Mogha,that part of Ireland south of a line from Dublin to Galway.[7]

The Eóganacht king Fíngen mac Áedo Duib (Fingin son of Hugh Dubh) ruled as King of Munster (died 618) and is the direct male line ancestor of theO'Sullivans.His son Seachnasagh was too young to assume the throne and was therefore followed by Eóganacht king of MunsterFaílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib,direct male line ancestor of the later MacCarthy kings. In the Roll of "The Kings of Munster", under the heading "Provincial Kings", we find that Fingin, son of Hugh Dubh, is No.14 on the Roll, while his brother Failbhe is No.16. Long, an anglicized version of the name Ó Longaidh, belongs to one of the oldest branches of the Eóghanchta royal dynasty of Ireland's Munster Province. Prince Longaidh, patriarch of the sept living in about 640, was a descendant of Oengus Mac Nad Fróich, the first Christian king of Munster in the 5th century who was said to have been baptized by Ss. Patrick and Ailbe on the Rock of Cashel. Early genealogical heritage survives in a poem attributed to the 7th century entitled Duan Cathain, preserved in An Leabhar Muimhneach. By the time of the Norman invasion in 1066, this Catholic clan was well established in its present territory in the Barony of Muskerry, County Cork, parishes of Canovee, Moviddy, Kilbonane, Kilmurry, and Dunisky straddling the River Lee. The MacCarthys owed the prominent position they held in Desmond at that period of the English invasion of Ireland, not to primogeniture, but to the disturbed state and chaos of Munster during the Danish wars, in which their immediate ancestors took a prominent and praiseworthy part.[8]

Gentle rulers

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The rule of the Eóganachta in Munster is widely regarded as gentle and more sophisticated in comparison with the other provincial dynasties of Ireland. Not only was Munster the wealthiest of the provinces, but the Eóganachta were willing to concede other previously powerful kingdoms whom they had politically marginalized, such as theCorcu Loígde,considerable status and freedom from tribute, based on their former status as rulers of the province.[9]

Ancient origins

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TheRock of Cashelpictured in the Summer of 1986.

Their origins, possiblyGaulish,are very obscure.[3][10]According to one of their own origin legends (Laud 610), they were descendants of Heber, eldest son of King Milesius from the north of Spain (modern-day Galicia). The proto-Eóganachta, from the time ofMug Nuadatto the time of Crimthann mac Fidaig and Conall Corc, are sometimes referred to as theDeirgtinein early sources.

The earliest evidence for the proto-Eóganachta, the Deirgthine or Deirgtine, is in the form ofoghaminscriptions.[3][10]They appear to have initially been subjects of theDáirine,[citation needed]a warlike people with frequently mentioned connections toUlster,who were possibly cousins of theUlaid.[citation needed]The Dáirine were represented in historical times most clearly by the Corcu Loígde, over whom the Deirgtine finally achieved supremacy during the 7th century, following the loss by the former of their centuries-long hold on theKingdom of Osraige,apparently with some outside help from theUí Néill.[citation needed]

The Eóganachta achieved their status primarily through political and economic sophistication and not military conquest. Ireland was dominated by several hostile powers whom they were never in any position to challenge militarily on their own, in the early centuries, but there also existed a number of subject tribes whom the Deirgtine successfully convinced to adopt them as their overlords. The effect was to separate the Dáirine, by now mainly the Corcu Loígde, from their cousin kingdoms and prominent subjects. The Eóganachta progressively surrounded themselves with favoured vassals such as theMúscraige,who would become the main source of their income as well as defense against the other kingdoms.[3][11]The later famousDéisi Tuisceart,who would produceBrian Bóruma,were among these vassal peoples. TheDéisi MumanofCounty Waterfordmay have shared Gaulish origins with the Eóganachta themselves.[3]

Another powerful people of early Munster were theMairtine,who had their capital atEmlyor Imlech Ibair, first known as Medón Mairtine.[12]It became the head church of the Eóganachta.[13]

Mythology

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See

Royal houses, Septs and surnames

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Early figures

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A number of the figures below may be listed under the wrong septs. The quality of Eóganachta genealogical and historical writing greatly improves in the 2nd millennium under the MacCarthy overlords but some problems remain. The earliest historical rulers from the Eóganachta, descendants ofConall Corc,include:

The princely houses of the Eóganachta may usefully be divided into the inner circle, the outer circle and extinct septs.

Princely houses: inner circle

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TheDerrynaflan Chalicewas found inCounty Tipperaryin 1980.

These three princely houses produced nearly all Kings of Cashel from the 5th to the 10th centuries. Some were strong, others were renowned bishops and scholars, and others were weak. The importance of the Cashel kingship was primarily ceremonial, and rulers were with the occasional exception not militarily aggressive, although they continually strove for political dominance as far as they could with the province's wealth. Strong petty kingdoms regarded as subject would receive large payments calledrathin return for their acknowledgment of the political supremacy of Cashel, and they would sometimes give hostages as well.[3]The most powerful petty kingdoms exchanged hostages with the King of Cashel, and though subject in some sense (by agreement), they were legally free and capable of terminating the contract.[3]

The Eóganacht Chaisil under the MacCarthys would later form the much more militarily capable but undermannedKingdom of Desmond.The O'Sullivans, the eldest of the Eóganacht Chaisil, were the most powerful lords under them. The O'Keeffes of Eóganacht Glendamnach would later produce many great soldiers for Irish and Continental armies. The O'Callaghans were a smaller sept who have distinguished themselves in recent times, while the MacAuliffes and MacGillycuddys are, as stated, simply septs of the MacCarthys and O'Sullivans. The O'Kirbys of Eóganacht Áine were ruined by theNorman Invasion of Ireland.

Princely houses: outer circle

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Ross Castle,fortress of the O'Donoghues,Lakes of Killarney,County Kerry.
  • Eóganacht Locha Léin
  • Eóganacht Raithlind

The two "outer" princely houses of the dynasty dwelt to the west and south of the central dynasties. Though descended from Conall Corc and thus theoretically entitled to hold the kingship, in effect these dynasties were excluded from Cashel politics, a situation which may or may not have been based on geographical realities.[14]Powerful kings could becomede factoKings of Munster, but in general the central dynasties refused to recognize them as such, and this resulted in particular antagonism between Cashel and Eóganacht Locha Léin, the power of which was eventually broken.[3]Eóganacht Raithlind was not as aggressive and so survived under O'Mahony rule well into the 2nd millennium. The O'Donoghues, originally from Eóganacht Raithlind, would move in to become the new princes of Eóganacht Locha Léin, and are still represented among the Irish nobles today by the Lord of Glenflesk (see below).

Oddly enough, the Eóganacht Raithlind, the Eóganacht Locha Léin, and the Uí Fidgenti-Liatháin (below), are all together referred to as the Three Eóganachta of Munster in early medieval story known asThe Expulsion of the Déisi.[3][15]This is strange in part because the first two were supposedly descended from Conall Corc and not Dáire Cerbba, but this grouping may be simply meant to illustrate that these were all free tribes in comparison with the rent-payingDéisi.Ongoing DNA analysis of the O'Connells of Kerry would seem to confirm an Eóghanacht origin, most closely related to the O'Donoghues (Eóghanacht Locha Léin), though they are in some sources assigned to the Uí Fidgenti-Liatháin.[16]The Eóganacht Locha Léin were themselves often viewed by the "inner circle" with surprisingly vicious hostility, and this somehow involved a connection to thePictsofScotland.[3]

The occasional misguided attempts to "rank" these powerful septs "below" those of the inner circle, or even to exclude them from the Eóganachta entirely, can be rejected. See alsoIarmuman.

Extinct septs

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There are several extinct and/or unconfirmed septs:

Surnames and clan names

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Eóganachta dynastic surnames includeO'Callaghan,MacCarthy,O'Donoghue,MacGillycuddy,O'Keeffe,O'Moriarity,O'Sullivan,among others, many of them of contested origin.MacAuliffeis typically a MacCarthy (Cremin) sept.MacGillycuddyis an O'Sullivan (Mor) sept.O'Longis classed as Eóganacht (Raithlind).O'Driscollis Corcu Loígde (Dáirine) but the family are related to the Eóganachta through early and late marriages and so qualify as natural kin.O'Learycan be either Corcu Loígde or Uí Fidgenti or Eóganacht depending on the sept.O'CarrollofÉilemay or may not be distantly related to the Eóganachta.Scannellwas also a sept of some significance and it is recorded that in 1014, Eocha, son of Dunadbach, Chief of Clann Scannail, and Scannail son of Cathal, Lord ofEóganacht Locha Léin,were killed at theBattle of Clontarf.[17][18]

Out of the approximately 150 surviving Irish surnames of princely orcomitalorigins, the Eóganachta and their allies account for approximately 30, or about one fifth. Unfortunately their pedigrees are often hopelessly disorganized and confused and so it is difficult or impossible to tell in many cases which people belong to which septs,[3]or in fact if they even belong to the Eóganachta at all. There is also great evidence in the pedigrees and regnal lists of repeated modification, outright fabrication, and unceremonious deletion, at least for the early period (all concerned sources), with some criticisms quite severe,[19]although this is also a problem withConnachtaandLaiginmaterial.[3]

Eóganachta Kings of Munster

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Eóganachta Kings of Munster[20]

Conall Corc
a quo Eóganachta

-453
Nad Froích		Mac Cass
a quo
Eóganacht Raithlind		Coirpre Luachra
a quo
Eóganacht Locha Léin

453–489
Óengus		Ailill
a quo
Eóganacht Áine		Echu
a quo
Uí Echach Muman		Maithne
Bressal
500-522
Eochaid
489–500
Feidilmid
a quo
Eóganacht Chaisil		CrimthannCrimthann
Dauí Iarlaithe
EochaidCrimthann Airthir Cliach
a quo
Eóganacht Airthir Cliach
522–542
Crimthann Srem Feimin
a quo
Eóganacht Glendamnach		CrimthannÉndae
a quo
Uí Énda		Lóegaire
a quo
Uí Láegairi		Áed Ualgarb
a quo
Cenél nÁeda		Cobthach
FurudránCormac Sriadberg
577–582
Ferghus Scannal
542–577
Coirpre Cromm		Áed Dub
596–601
Garbán
596–601
Amalgaid		Áed OsraigeTigernachCrimthann
Dub IndrechtCrundmáelÁed Fland Cathrach
577–596
Feidlimid
601-618
Fingen
627–639
Failbe Fland
639–641
Cuán		Coirpre Riastrain
582-588
Feidlimid
618-618
Áed Bennán
DúnchadCellach
618–627
Cathal		Sechnussach
641-661
Máenach
665–678
Colgú		Máel UmaiClárenechCenn FáeladCummíne
ColmánMugthigern
661–665
Cathal Cú-cen-máthair		RechtabraColmánAilillNad Fraích
712–721
Eterscél		UisnechSelbachFergusConaing
EochaidMurchad
678–696
Finguine
696-701
Ailill		FlannDub-dá-Crich
701–712
Cormac		FáelgusSnédgus
742–769
Cathussach		CathussachÉladachBécc
a quo
Cenél mBécce		Áed
Ailgile
859–872
Cenn Fáelad hua Mugthigirn
721–742
Cathal		IndrechtachCrimthannDúngalachConall
a quo
Cenél Conaill		Dub IndrechtDúnlaingFer-dá-Lethe
769–786
Máel Dúin
Selbach
805–820
Artrí		Móenach
820–847
Feidlimid		DonngusSnédgusCrundmáelDomnall
786–805
Ólchobar mac Duib-Indrecht		ÁnilteArtgalCongal
Cuilennán
Tuathal		Bran
807–820
Tnúthgal		ArtgalDub-dá-BairennArtgalFlaithniaConnathCináed

902–908
Cormac		Máel FathardaigDonngalLachtnaeLáegaire
872–888
Dúnchad		CorccÓengusAilill Broga
847–851
Ólchobar
Donnchad
851–853
Áilgenán
853–859
Máel Gualae		Buadachán
895–902
Finguine Cenn nGécán		CorcránDub-dá-BairennCú Chongelt
FlannClérech
888–895
Dub Lachtna
–954
Cellachán Caisil		CorcránDomnallConchobar

954–957
Máel Fathardaig
959–961
Fer Gráid		DonnchadhCondlígán
957–959
Dub Dá Bairenn		Cathnia

1014–1025
Dúngal Hua Donnchada		Saorbhreathach
944-
Lorcán		Spelán
Cárthach
a quo
Mac Cárthaigh		Cian
MuireadachBran

1127–1138
Cormac
959–970
976–978
Máel Muad

Other kingdoms

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In Ireland

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TheArdagh Chalicewas discovered inCounty Limerick,at Reerasta Rath in Uí Fidgenti, 1868.
Main articles:Uí FidgentiandUí Liatháin

Sometimes also included are theUí Fidgenti(O'Donovan,O'Collins,O'Flannery,Lyons,among others.) and the relatedUí Liatháin(Lyons,Gleeson,others), ancient allies of the Eóganachta who may have originally belonged to theDáirine,although it is also possible they were earlier or peripheral branches of the descendants of Ailill Flann Bec, or of Ailill Aulomm, not involved in the innovative Cashel politics of the descendants of Conall Corc, actual founder of the Eóganachta dynasties. In this way, the children of Fidach, the early monarch Crimthand Mór mac Fidaig and his sisterMongfind,also belong to the peripheral Eóganachta. But only the descendants of Conall Corc, son of Luigdech or Lugaid, son of Ailill Flann Bec, could claim Cashel, whereas all three of these more distantly related aristocracies appear to descend fromDáire Cerbbaand/or Maine Munchaín, so-called brother(s) of Lugaid. In any case, both the Uí Fidgenti and Uí Liatháin were apparently fading, for whatever reasons, while the Eóganachta were in their prime. They paid no obvious tribute but were little involved in the political scene after a period, the terms of the alliance being only that they were expected to support the Eóganachta militarily on "honour related" expeditions outside Munster or in the defence of it.[3]The Uí Fidgenti did exchange hostages with the King of Cashel, just like the Eóganacht Raithlind and Eóganacht Locha Léin were honoured, and so they appear to have been viewed as kin from an early period, even if they may have been Dáirine to begin with or included very substantial elements.[3][21]In the earliest genealogies, mostly found inRawlinson B 502,they are in some way kin to the Eóganachta, even if only through marriage at first as suggested by some later interpreters.

According to Rawlinson B 502, Dáire Cerbba was born inBrega,County Meath,but no explanation is given. This might mean his family were even later arrivals to Munster than the Eóganachta and help explain their lack of centralization and well known colonies inBritain.The Uí Fidgenti (NW) and Uí Liatháin (SE) were in opposing corners of Munster with the Eóganacht Áine and Eóganacht Glendamnach more or less in between, as well as the Fir Mag Fene. Brega bordered on the territory of theLaigin,and was originally a part of it.[3]Against this is the fact that the Uí Fidgenti had their own capital at Dún Eochair in Munster, constructed by the Dáirine several centuries before the rise of Cashel, as described byGeoffrey Keating.

In Scotland

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Main article:House of Óengus

It has been suggested that theKings of the Pictswere derived from a sept of the Eóganachta. If so, then the Eóganacht Locha Léin, and thus the ancestors of the O'Moriartys and others, are the most obvious candidates. Not only were they at one point expansive as the powerfulKingdom of Iarmuman,but they were also frustrated by their exclusion and forced isolation by the inner circle. The inner circle exhibited peculiar attitudes from time to time and so this could have been the real story.

History

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Competition with the Uí Néill

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See Byrne (2001),Cathal mac Finguine,Feidlimid mac Cremthanin,Synod of Birr.

Competition with the Dál gCais

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In some later traditions ofThomond,Eóganhad a younger brother,Cas,who is said to have originated the rivalDál gCaisdynasty of Ireland. The smaller Dál gCais kingdom proved to have surprising military might, and displaced the increasingly beset Eóganachta, who were suffering also from attacks by theVikingsand theUí Néill,on the Munster throne during the course of the 10th century. From this the Eóganachta and their allies would never fully recover, but they did continue, largely in the form of theMacCarthysandO'Sullivans,to assert their authority and rule large parts of Desmond for the next six centuries. They would badly rout theFitzGeraldsat theBattle of Callann,halting the advance of theNormansinto Desmond, and win back many territories briefly held by them. See Byrne (2001), Todd (1867),Brian Bóruma,Mathgamain mac Cennétig,Cennétig mac Lorcáin,Kings of Munster,Kings of Desmond,Thomond,County Clare,Déisi.

The Cambro-Normans and England

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SeeFitzGerald,Battle of Callann,Earl of Desmond,Desmond Rebellions,Second Desmond Rebellion,Florence MacCarthy,Tudor conquest of Ireland,Dónall Cam Ó Súilleabháin Béirre,Siege of Dunboy,Plantations of Ireland,Irish Confederate Wars,Donagh MacCarthy, Viscount Muskerry,Earl of Clancarty.

Ecclesiastical relations with Germany

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See Byrne (2001).

Marriages and pedigrees

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See O'Hart (1892), Cronnelly (1864), Burke (1976), D'Alton (1861), O'Donovan (1856), O'Keeffe (1703), Byrne (2001).

Later figures

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Other notable people are:

Mícheál Ó Coileáin1919.

For the 20th century, the long hidden Ó Coileáins of Uí Conaill Gabhra, once the most dominant sept of the Uí Fidgenti, produced the famousMícheál Ó Coileáin.His sept were driven out ofCounty Limerickin the 13th century by the FitzGeralds, but still regarded themselves as dispossessed aristocracy.[22]The Ó Coileáins had joined their cousins the O'Donovans inCounty Cork,who themselves had been assisted by their friends the O'Mahonys. TheMacCarthy Reaghswould soon follow to become the princes of the area, orBarony of Carbery,and later both they and the O'Mahonys would send septs to be accepted among the aristocracy inFrance.[23]See alsoCounts of Toulouse.Of the four, only the O'Donovans, keeping a low profile, remained Gaelic lords after a time.

TheMacCarthy of Muskerrydynasty are of great importance and there are several surviving septs.

Daniel "The Liberator" O'Connellhas been said to have belonged to a small sept of the Uí Fidgenti who found themselves in County Kerry.[23][24]

Another lively figure wasPierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony.

Modern Eóganacht

Curley[25]gives profiles of some twenty current Irish lords, several of them Eóganacht or allied, enjoying varying levels of recognition.

The scandal created byTerence Francis MacCarthyhas left their futures uncertain. He inserted himself into the pedigree of theSliocht Cormaic of Dunguile,the senior surviving sept of the MacCarthy dynasty, who still await recognition from the Irish government following the scandal.

See also

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The Rock of Cashel.

Notes

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  1. ^Ó Corráin 2001, p. 30
  2. ^Byrne, F.J.,Irish Kings and High Kings, London, 1973, p. 177. .
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnoByrne 2001
  4. ^Bhreathnach 2005
  5. ^abKelly, Fergus,A Guide to Early Irish Law, Dublin, 1988, pp. 17-18.
  6. ^MacAirt, Sean,ed. Annals of Inisfallen, Dublin, 1951, p. 337.
  7. ^Dillon, Myles,ed. Lebor na Cert, Dublin, 1984, p. 19.
  8. ^http:// libraryireland /Pedigrees1/Heber.php#1
  9. ^See Byrne 2001 for an extensive description of the kingdom.
  10. ^abO'Rahilly 1946
  11. ^Duffy 2005
  12. ^Ó Cróinín 2005
  13. ^see Byrne 2001
  14. ^Charles-Edwards 2000
  15. ^Meyer 1901
  16. ^See The O'Connell Surname DNA Project
  17. ^Annals of the Four Masters: Volume IIat M1013.22, manuscript available athttps://Celt.UCC.ie/published/T100005B/
  18. ^T.M.Charles-Edwards,Early Christian Ireland
  19. ^Sproule 1984; 1985
  20. ^Irish Kings and High-Kings, Francis J. Byrne, 2001, page 291-295
  21. ^see also O'Rahilly 1946
  22. ^Coogan 2002
  23. ^abO'Hart 1892
  24. ^Cronnelly 1864
  25. ^Curley 2004

References

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  • Bugge, Alexander (ed. and tr.),Caithreim Cellachain Caisil: The Victorious Career of Cellachan of CashelChristiania: J. Chr. Gundersens Bogtrykkeri. 1905.
  • Burke, Bernard and Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd,Burke's Irish Family Records, or Burke's Landed Gentry of Ireland.London: Burke's Peerage Ltd. 5th edition, 1976.
  • Byrne, Francis J.,Irish Kings and High-Kings.Four Courts Press. 2nd edition, 2001.
  • Cairney, C. Thomas,Clans and Families of Ireland and Scotland: An Ethnography of the Gael, A.D. 500-1750.Willow Bend Books. 1989. (elementary popular work)
  • Charles-Edwards, T.M.,Early Christian Ireland.Cambridge University Press. 2000.
  • Coogan, Tim Pat,Michael Collins: The Man Who Made Ireland.Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. (pgs. 5–6)
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  • Curley, Walter J.P.,Vanishing Kingdoms: The Irish Chiefs and their Families.Dublin: Lilliput Press. 2004.
  • D'Alton, John,Illustrations, Historical and Genealogical, of King James's Irish Army List, 16892 vols. London: J.R. Smith. 2nd edition, 1861.
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  • Meyer, Kuno (ed. and tr.), "The Expulsion of the Dessi", inY Cymmrodor 14.1901. pgs. 101–35. (availablehere)
  • Meyer, Kuno (ed.),"The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories",inZeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 8.Halle/Saale, Max Niemeyer. 1912. Pages 291–338.
  • O'Connell Surname DNA Project (Results table, particularly the core "Irish Type II" results for SNPs A7659 and A7654:https:// familytreedna /public/oconnelldna?iframe=ycolorized)
  • Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, "Corcu Loígde: Land and Families", inCork: History and Society. Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County,edited by Patrick O'Flanagan and Cornelius G. Buttimer. Dublin: Geography Publications. 1993.
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  • O'Hart, John,Irish Pedigrees.Dublin. 5th edition, 1892.
  • Ó hInnse, Séamus (ed. and tr.) and Florence MacCarthy,Mac Carthaigh's Book,orMiscellaneous Irish Annals (A.D. 1114-1437).Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1947.
  • O'Keeffe, Eugene (ed. and tr.),Eoganacht Genealogies from theBook of Munster.Cork. 1703. (availablehere)
  • O'Rahilly, Thomas F.,Early Irish History and Mythology.Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1946.
  • Richter, Michael,Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition.Palgrave Macmillan. 1996.
  • Sproule, David, "Origins of the Éoganachta", inÉriu 35(1984): pp. 31–37.
  • Sproule, David, "Politics and pure narrative in the stories about Corc of Cashel", inÉriu 36(1985): pp. 11–28.
  • Todd, James Henthorn (ed. and tr.),Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the GaillLongmans. 1867.
  • Welch, Robert (ed.) with Bruce Stewart,The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature.Oxford University Press. 1996.

Further reading

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  • O'Brien, Michael A., ed. (1962).Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae.Vol. 1. Kelleher, John V. (intro. in the reprints of 1976 and 2005). Dublin:DIAS.pp. 195–206, 208–34, 251–3, 362, 384, 388–90.ISBN0901282316.OCLC56540733.Genealogies for the Eóganachta of Munster
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