Wikipedia

Fortnite Battle Royale

(Redirected fromFortnite: Battle Royale)

Fortnite Battle Royaleis a 2017battle royale video gameproduced byEpic Games.It was originally developed as a companion game part of theearly accessversion ofFortnite: Save the World,a cooperativesurvival game,before separating from it and then dropping the early access label on June 29, 2020.Fortnite Battle Royaleis offered under afree-to-playmodel funded bymicrotransactionsand is updated as alive game;originally released formacOS,PlayStation 4,Windows,andXbox One,it has since beenportedtoiOS,[c]Nintendo Switch,andAndroid,[c]and later as a launch title forXbox Series X/SandPlayStation 5.Fortnite Battle Royaleand its various modes are part of the overallFortniteplatform.

Fortnite Battle Royale
Cover art of the original version
Developer(s)Epic Games
Publisher(s)Epic Games[a]
Director(s)Donald Mustard[1]
Composer(s)Rom Di Prisco
Pinar Toprak
SeriesFortnite
EngineUnreal Engine 5[b]
Platform(s)
Various
Release
September 26, 2017
  • macOS,PlayStation 4,Windows,Xbox One
  • September 26, 2017
  • iOS
  • April 2, 2018
  • Nintendo Switch
  • June 12, 2018
  • Android
  • August 9, 2018
  • Xbox Series X/S
  • November 10, 2020
  • PlayStation 5
  • November 12, 2020
Genre(s)Third-person shooter,battle royale
Mode(s)Multiplayer

The concept of the game is similar to previous games of the genre: 100 players skydive onto an island and scavenge for gear to defend themselves from other players. Players can fight alone, or with up to three other players. As the match progresses, the playable area within the island gradually constricts, giving the players less and less room to work with; outside this safe zone is "the Storm", which inflicts damage on those caught inside it, with the amount of damage growing as the Storm itself does. The last player or team alive wins the match. The main distinction from others in the genre is the game's construction elements, letting players build walls, which can be later edited, obstacles, and other structures from collected resources to take cover from incoming fire or give one a strategic view advantage.Battle Royaleuses a seasonal approach withbattle passesto introduce new character customization content in the game, as well as limited-time events, some of which correspond with changes to the game map. Since its initial release, several other game modes have been introduced, including "Zero Build", eliminating the construction mechanics, and "Fortnite Reload", a smaller scale version of the game for forty players on a smaller map.

The idea forBattle Royalearose following the release ofPlayerUnknown's Battlegroundsin 2017, a similar battle royale game that was highly successful but noted for its technical flaws.Fortnite Battle Royalereceived positive reviews from critics, who praised its learning curve, gameplay, art style, multiplayer and progression system, while receiving criticism regarding parental and security concerns. The game quickly rose in popularity following its release, eventually surpassingBattlegroundsin overall player count and revenue. Player count had exceeded 350 million by May 2020. The game has gone on to become a cultural phenomenon, with promotion through social media and several celebrities, such asNinja,Marshmello,andDrake,contributing to the game's popularity, achieving record-high viewership on streaming platforms in the process.

Gameplay

The player can build structures as defense, buildings, or to gain the high ground over enemies.

The main gameplay forFortnite Battle Royalefollows the standard format for thebattle royale genre.The game normally is played either with each player on their own, or in a squad of two, three or four players, with up to 100 players participating each round. The round starts with players, weaponless, skydiving from a flying "Battle Bus", then landing onto the game's map, simply known as The Island. The Island's fixed layout includes several landmarks and locations (mostly named in analliterative fashion,such as "Tilted Towers","Pleasant Park ", and" Retail Row ") that are mostlyghost townsduring matches, while a random distribution of weapons, shields, and other combat support features can be found either as "floor loot" or by searching chests scattered in buildings and other sites. In addition, hostile NPCs were introduced in February 2020, which can be fought for additional and (typically) improved items, as well as friendly NPCs in December 2020, which can sell items such as weapons or consumables, or provide services such as acting as bot teammates or healing players.

The primary goal is to be the last player or team alive by eliminating or avoiding other players. When playing in solo modes, players are immediately eliminated when they exhaust their health. In squad modes, downed players can crawl around while losing health; they can be eliminated immediately by an opponent or revived by a squadmate to help them up. Initially, when the game launched, eliminated players were out of the match, but starting with an update in April 2019, players can attempt torespawnan eliminated teammate at various "Reboot Vans" scattered around the map, which are few and far between and in the open, making it a risk to respawn a squadmate.[2]Over time, the game's safe zone (representing theeyeof a storm), decreases in size, and players caught outside the zone will take damage by a specific amount per second, with the amount of damage per second increasing as the match progresses. This directs the surviving players into tighter spaces, forcing player encounters. Supply drops will spawn in random locations during a match, providing random, higher-quality weapons and items. Like in the originalFortnitegame,Fortnite Battle Royaleis primarily played in athird-person perspective.

Fortnite Battle Royale's primary distinction from other battle royale games is the building system, which originated from the originalFortnite: Save The Worldsurvival game. Nearly all objects in the environment can bedestroyedand harvested for materials (wood, stone, and metal), which can then be used to build fortifications of limited durabilities, such as walls, ramps, floors, and roofs, which can be used to help traverse the map, protect the player from gunfire, or slow down progression of other players. Weaker pieces can be destroyed in a few hits, but can be built quickly, while stronger pieces can withstand more damage, but take longer to build. In addition, these pieces can be "edited" by players in order to alter their shapes in several (albeit limited) ways.

The game also revolves around players eliminating their opponents to be the last one standing.

The game isfree-to-play,supported bymicrotransactionsthat allow players to buy "V-Bucks," the game's internal currency. V-Bucks are also shared with theFortnite: Save the Worldgame, which offers players the opportunity to earn V-Bucks by completing missions or daily quests in said game.[3]V-Bucks can then be used to buy cosmetic improvements to the player (outfits, pickaxes, gliders, backblings, andemotes). The game is run in chapters with a number of seasons, each season lasting about 2–3 months. Each season introduces an exclusive set of cosmetic items that can be obtained. These are offered through a"Battle Pass",which features a number of tiers that players climb through by earning experience through playing the game or completing in-game objectives, called "Quests", while acquiring cosmetic rewards or other items in the process. Each player has access to a handful of free rewards in the Pass, while players can also purchase the full Battle Pass with V-Bucks,[4]which offers full access to all rewards, and grants prizes for every tier the player advances. Players can use V-Bucks to purchase tiers as well once they have bought the Battle Pass.[5]Starting in December 2020, Epic added the "Fortnite Crew" monthly subscription plan; those on the plan gain access to the latest Battle Pass, a monthly allocation of V-Bucks, and access to exclusive cosmetics only available to subscribers.[6]Later benefits were also added to this subscription, such as access toRocket League's "Rocket Pass Premium",Fortnite Festival's "Music Pass", andLego Fortnite's "Lego Pass".

Since release, Epic Games has added many more features, such as new weapons, items and vehicles. Epic is also able to deployhotfixesto the game to adjust aspects like weapon attributes and distribution, pushing these out in minutes if necessary should they or players discover critical issues orglitches,as well as removing older or not well received items from the game in a process called "vaulting".[7][8]With the release of the standaloneFortnite Creativegameplay mode in December 2018, an area of theFortnite Battle Royalemap called "The Block" was added, and featured a rotating selection of user-made creations developed inCreativemode and approved by Epic - this area did not return with the launch of Chapter 2 however.[9]A "Battle Lab" mode was added in December 2019 for players to create their own custom battle royale games[10]- this was later removed with the release of Chapter 4 Season 1 due to players now being able to do the same in Creative. In April 2020, a new "Party Royale" mode was added, taking place on a small map where combat and construction was disabled though non-lethal gameplay items can be acquired like paint guns and vehicles; this map was aimed to be used as a social space, as well as to host in-game events like concerts.[11]

Prior to September 2019,Fortnitedid not have specialized matchmaking, outside of platform and regional limits. With a later patch, the game introducedskill-based matchmaking,based on internal metrics that judge a player's skill in the game. Furthermore, with Chapter 2 Season 1, the game added in special matches against computer-controlled bots to help players practice the game.[12]

Special modes

Epic released a new game mode called "Zero Build" on March 29, 2022.[13]This game mode was introduced as a change to the main Battle Royale game mode, which lasted for the first week of Chapter 3 Season 2, before both Zero Build and standard Battle Royale were released as separate modes in April 2022.[14][15]This game mode removes the building mechanics while adding an "overshield" mechanic to the player, which adds an additional, regenerating 50 HP on top of standard health and shields. On April 10, 2022, Fortnite released the Zero Build Trials. Signing up for this, and completing the challenges, would allow players to be rewarded with in game rewards.[16]On July 12, 2022, Epic released an Arena mode for Zero Build, for competitive gameplay of the mode.

A "Ranked" mode was added in May 2023, which was made available for both the standard and Zero Build game modes and for solo, duos, trios, and squads. Ranked mode tracks the player's progress in matches, moving them up and down a rank ladder based on their performance in a match. The player's ranking is used to match the player with other players of similar ranking.[17]

"Fortnite Reload" was introduced in June 2024. It takes place on a smaller map, inspired by the originalFortniteisland, and is limited to ten 4-person squads. It also uses a limited selection of weapons introduced in the earlier chapters of the game. While squadmates can revive downed members of their squad, players also automatically respawn after a short duration, except during the last few minutes of a match. This creates a more frantic, faster-paced game compared to the regular Battle Royale mode.[18]

"Fortnite OG" is planned to launch in December 2024 alongside Chapter 6, announced following the success of Chapter 4: Season OG. This mode will feature the original island map from Chapter 1 and will keep the mechanics of the original game.[19]

Limited time and competitive modes

Epic has the ability to include limited-time modes (LTM) within the game, which provides Epic with experimental capabilities and gain feedback from players to improve upon.[20]One of its earliest additions was a 50-v-50 mode, placing players randomly on one of two teams and dropping them on opposite sides of the map, giving the two teams time to gather resources, create fortifications, and hunt the other team before the storm moved in.[21]A sandbox Playground LTM was introduced in June 2018, which allows up to four players to explore and build anything anywhere on the battle map, while being able to fight each other and respawn upon defeat until the storm covered the map after an hour and eliminated them all; Epic later made this a permanent mode in the game,[22]but it was removed with the release of Battle Lab in 2019. A preliminary competitive mode, Solo Showdown, ran for a limited time starting in May 2018, ranking players by their final placement in matches and rewarding the top-placing competitors with V-Bucks.[23]Following this, a proper rank-based competitive mode known as Arena was released in March 2019, which was later replaced with a revised competitive mode known as Ranked in May 2023.

Seasonal changes

Main article:Fortnite seasonal events

Fortnite Battle Royalehas created a larger loose narrative that is exhibited through changes in the game map, which generally correlated to the start and end of the in-gameseason.For example, in the lead up to the fourth season of the first chapter which started in May 2018, players saw a number ofshooting starscross the skies, followed by a giant comet that neared the ground; upon the start of that season, the comet had hit one of the locations on the map, leaving a giant crater, among other changes. This tied into several new cosmetic outfits related to superheroes and supervillains that were available that season.[24]Epic has the ability to create custom events that occur across all game servers simultaneously as well; the first example of such was a countdown leading to a giant rocket's launch in June 2018 which, in the aftermath, left cracks in the skies that gradually grew into a "rift," prompting the events of season 5.[25]

The game initially launched without any seasonable schedule, but starting with the release of Chapter1 Season2 in December 2017, Epic has provided new content, which includes new cosmetics, new gameplay elements, and changes to the game's map, on a roughly 10-week basis. This also introduced the use of the battle pass for players to obtain some of this new content by completing challenges and gaining experience.

Promotional modes and elements

Shortly after the release of the filmAvengers: Infinity War(2018), Epic ran a Marvel-sponsored event that featured the Infinity Gauntlet that randomly spawned on the map; any player that equipped it becameThanoswith added abilities.[26]A secondAvengers-based mode was released upon the release ofAvengers: Endgame(2019), where players are randomly split betweenAvengerandChitauriarmies, seeking out theInfinity Stonesor the Infinity Gauntlet.[27]Since then, other promotional content from other commercial properties, including cosmetic items and map features, has been available for limited periods inFortnite,typically around the time of premieres or first broadcasts for these works. These commercial properties have includedRalph Breaks the Internet,[28]John Wick,[29][30]Stranger Things,[31]Star Wars,[32]Birds of Prey,[33]The Matrix,[34]Cobra Kai,[35]andFamily Guy,[36]among numerous others.

Non-gameplay related promotional events have included:

  • EDM artistMarshmelloheld avirtual concertin the Pleasant Park location on February 2, 2019, across all game servers,[37]estimated to have had over 10 million players watching it live.[38]
  • On December 14, a special preview ofStar Wars: The Rise of Skywalker(2019) was released at the Risky Reels location, hosted byGeoff Keighley,with a special guest appearance by directorJ. J. Abrams,along withBen Schwartzas FN-143, aStormtrooperfrom theFirst Order,[39]which also featured the character of EmperorPalpatinein a voice segment that was referred to inthe film's opening crawl,which marked the start of theStar Warscollaboration event.[40][41]
  • Travis Scottperformed a virtual "Astronomical" tour in support of his 2018 albumAstroworldwithinFortniteon multiple live concerts between April 23 and 25, 2020, including the premiere of a new song, "The Scotts",featuringKid Cudi,who is one-half of thesuper-duoof the same name.[42]The first performance on April 23 was estimated to have drawn over 12.3 million players to watch,[43]while a total of 27.7 million unique viewers cumulatively watched the concerts.[44]Along with these concerts, the event included new cosmetics based on Scott for in-game purchase.[45]Scott also Fortnite-inspired Cactus Jack products such as action figures and lunchboxes for the event.[46]
  • Diploperformed a liveMajor Lazerconcert along withJordan Fisherin the new "Party Royale" game mode on May 1, 2020, to test out that mode,[47]while a multi-part concert byDillon Francis,Steve Aoki,andDeadmau5was held on May 8 to celebrate the full release of the "Party Royale" game mode.[48][49]
  • A trailer forChristopher Nolan'sTenet(2020) was first shown in the "Party Royale" game mode before releasing to other digital services on May 21, 2020.[50]In June 2020, Fortnite announced that it would livestream one of three Nolan films,Inception,Batman Begins,andThe Prestige,depending on the region, through its "Movie Nite" event within "Party Royale". Epic Games partnered with Nolan andWarner Bros.to secure distribution rights in different languages and countries.[51]
  • BTSpremiered their dance choreography music video for "Dynamite"in the" Party Royale "game mode on September 22, 2020.[52]It also featured the Tropical Remix version of the song.
  • J Balvinperformed a live concert in the "Party Royale" game mode on October 31, 2020, premiering a new song titled "La Luz". Anyone who attended the concert could get a special J Balvin style for the Party Trooper outfit. The concert was recorded using extended reality (XR) technology.[53]
  • Epic launched a short animatedfilm festivalwithin the "Party Royale" mode in February 2021, called "Short Nite".[54]It would later return in July 2021, then later as Creative experiences for both the entitre festival and the individual short films in October 2021 as "Shortnitemares" and May 2022 during a limited time window for the latter two.
  • Ariana Grandeperformed virtually as the headline act of the "Rift Tour" in August 2021.[55][56]
  • The Kid Laroiperformed virtually at his concert "Wild Dreams" as a Creative experience in January 2023 during a limited time window.
  • Metallicaperformed at their virtual concert "Fuel. Fire. Fury." as an UEFN experience on June 22 and 23, 2024, during six limited-time windows over the course of the two days, with a special "encore" showing from August 2 to 5. In addition to the concert, Metallica music and themed cosmetics were added acrossBattle Royale,Fortnite Festival,Rocket RacingandLego Fortnite;a Metallica-themed weapon inspired by "Ride the Lightning"and a location based on theM72 World Tourwere added toBattle Royalefor a limited time.[57][58][59]
  • Disneylivestreamed a segment of the 2024D23Entertainment Showcase in-game to announce upcoming collaborative content with Epic Games forFortnite,which included theMarvel-themed "Absolute Doom"season forBattle Royalein addition to numerous other cosmetics from various Disney intellectual properties. According to Disney, 1.2 million players watched the event live.[60]Those who attended received a Peelverine plush as an in-game cosmetic for free.[61]
  • Karol Gperformed in the "Karol G: MSB Fortnite" UEFN experience in August 2024, to promote the albumMañana Será Bonitoand theBichota Seasonmixtape. Those who attended received a Karol G-themed bass guitar forFortnite Festival.[62]
  • The "Chapter 2 Remix"season in November 2024 kicked off with a live performance fromSnoop DoggandIce SpiceinNew York City'sTimes Square,which was simultaneously broadcast inBattle Royale.Eminemand the lateJuice Wrldwill join Snoop Dogg and Ice Spice for the season's concert finale event at the end of the month. All four rappers are prominently featured throughout the season.[63]

Epic started a regularFortniteSpotlight in-game concert event series in September 2020 using the "Party Royale" game mode, with such concerts from various musicians planned on a weekly basis and free for any player ofFortniteto watch. The musician will perform their set in a special studio set up by Epic that will be digitized in game. According to Nate Nanzer, Epic Games head of global partnerships, "We're creating this platform to work with artists — big artists and up-and-coming artists."[64]

Development

See also:Fortnite: Save the World § Development

Fortnitehad first been revealed byEpic Gamesin 2011, considered to be a combination ofMinecraftandLeft 4 Deadas four players would work together to scavenge resources to build fortifications, traps, weapons, and other objects to survive monster attacks.[65][66]The game ended up with a protracted development period, in part due to both external pressures, with the industry transitioning to agames as a servicemodel, and internal shifts of focus within Epic (including focusing attention on their first free-to-play titleParagon) to meet the external challenges. During this period, Epic made a deal withTencent,giving them about 40% of the company in exchange for their support for the games as a service approach as well as ready access to the Chinese video game market.[67]Fortnitewas confirmed to have a planned 2018 release in June 2017, with a paidearly accessperiod starting a month later; the game is planned otherwise as a free-to-play title supported bymicrotransactions.With release in early access, the game featured its primary gameplay mode, "Save the World", where players in teams up to four would work cooperatively to survive and complete objectives on randomly generated maps.[68][69]

During the latter part ofFortnite's development,PlayerUnknown's Battlegroundswas released in March 2017 on personal computers in early access, and quickly became a popular and successful game, becoming the defining example of thebattle royale genre.In mid 2017, Mustard, Sweeney, and two other executives were on their way in an Uber to talk to Disney in California to discuss opportunities, when they decided they would make a battle Royale game withinFortnite.Within the three hour ride, Mustard assembled a one page design document they would pitch to Disney; a passing school bus led to the idea of the game's Battle Bus.[70]According to Mustard, the Epic team "loved Battle Royale games like [Battlegrounds]", and explored how they could make a similar mode withinFortnite's engine. They kept this mode in a separate development team from the mainplayer versus environmentmodes for experimentation and as to not throw off the balance in the main game.[71]The Battle Royale mode development was led by Eric Williamson with Zack Estep as production lead. Their goal was to develop the Battle Royale mode quickly from the core "Save the World" mode, putting off any complex features that weren't already in place as to launch the new mode as soon as possible; while they explored such potential ideas, they held off inclusion until after the main mode was launched.[20]The development of theBattle Royalemode took about two months starting in July 2017 after the "Save the World" mode had shipped, and was aided by theUnreal Tournamentteam.[7][72]Key differences for Battle Royale that differed from "Save the World" included a more limited progression for weapons, a small subset of traps, and a smoother, more natural terrain for the maps.[20]They also wanted to aim for games not taking longer than 25 minutes, which led to some decisions of which elements from "Save the World" would not carry over.[20]They had includedFortnite's building mechanic for fortifications, not sure how players would use that since the safe zone would continue shrinking, but found quickly that the mechanic helped to distinguish the game fromBattlegroundsand was used by expert players frequently to win matches, and had since implemented more features to help players with rapidly constructing temporary bases.[20]

Fortnite Battle Royaleat the 2018Game Developers Conference

In those two months of development, Epic's plan was to includeBattle Royalewithin the paidFortnitegame, and originally announced this approach publicly in early September 2017. Only two weeks before it was released did Epic decide to make it a separate free-to-play title, fearing that having it as part of the paid package would slow down the growth of the title.[72]Epic announced this change formally about a week after first announcingBattle Royale,allowing those that had purchased early access toFortnitein anticipation of this mode to request refunds.[73]This release, which beat outBattlegroundsto consoles, caused some concern withBattlegroundsdeveloper Bluehole, as they had been working closely with Epic for Unreal engine support inBattlegrounds,and were worried thatFortnitemight be able to include planned features to their Battle Royale mode before they could release those inBattlegrounds.[74][75][76]

With the popularity ofFortnite Battle Royaleby the start of 2018, Epic split off a separate development team to focus on improvements for this mode.[77]Epic said that their attention toFortnitewas causing some of their other games to see lower player populations, leading them to reduce development efforts on these games, particularlyParagon.[78]By the end of January 2018, Epic announced it was shutting downParagonby April of that year, providing refunds to all players.[79]Similarly, Epic announced it had halted development of the planned free-to-playUnreal Tournamentgame, its team transitioned toFortnite,though the game will remain available, playable, and open to end-user modifications.[80]Players on aFortnite-dedicatedRedditforum had expressed concerns that a similar fate could befall theSave the Worldmode ofFortnite,as externally, theSave the Worldmode has not received the same attention in providing updates and improvements compared to theBattle Royalemode since that mode's release.[81]

According to Mustard, from the start of developingFortnite Battle Royale,Epic had been interested in telling a narrative with the game, with a long-term narrative planned out by Mustard, but recognized the challenge when most players were focused on the base mechanics of the title. They decided to make players more as witnesses to the events rather than central characters, allowing the story to be told out through non-player characters that the players may encounter or through the game's additional media. This long-term narrative was designed to be flexible, accounting for both responses from players as well as for cross-promotions that Epic had secured over time, which had connected to the overall concept of amultiversethat is part of this narrative. Incorporating the narrative elements had led the development team to plan out new ways to include them, such as the single-time events across all servers, or specialized single-player missions.[82]

On June 29, 2020, Epic announced that they consideredSave the Worldto no longer be in early access, and as a companion move, eliminated the early access labels from bothBattle RoyaleandCreativemodes.[83]

With the launch of Chapter 3 on December 5, 2021, Epic brought the game to use Unreal Engine 5.[84]

Localization

Tencent,who is a partial owner of Epic Games, broughtFortnite Battle Royaleto China in 2018; the company was already involved in supportingBattlegroundsin China as well. Tencent planned to spend up toUS$15 millionto help promote the game in China, set up eSports tournaments, and fight against copyright infringement and clones ofFortnitethat have appeared in the country.[85]Epic also worked with Neowiz Games to bring a version ofFortniteto South Korea, launched in November 2018.[86][87]

Tencent announced in October 2021 that the Chinese version ofFortnite,which had never left the beta phase and had a number of functional differences from international versions of the game, would be shutting down on November 15, 2021, disallowing new user registration. This move came after newregulations and restrictions made by the Chinese government towards online gaming.[88][89]

Ports

A release ofFortnitefor theNintendo Switchvideo game console had been rumored in the week prior to theE3 2018in June 2018. During theNintendo Directpresentation,Nintendoand Epic Games announced the release ofFortnite Battle Royalefor the Nintendo Switch, supportingcross-platform playwith any other platform except the PlayStation 4; such users are able to carry over their inventory, Battle Pass status, and in-game currency between these platforms through their Epic user account. The game was released on June 12, 2018, the same day as the announcement. It is the first game to support directvoice chatthrough the Switch console through software provided byVivox.[90]With the success of the Switch version ofFortnite,Vivox had made its voice chatsoftware development kitavailable for other Switch games.[91]

In March 2018, Epic announced it was makingFortnite Battle RoyaleforAndroidandiOSmobile devices.[92]The iOS version was released first, and was expected to be followed by the Android version by mid-2018.[93]The beta version for iOS devices launched on March 15, 2018,[94]and opened to all players on April 2, 2018.[95]Epic Games stated that it was not possible to release the Android version with the iOS version simultaneously, and declined to provide a concrete release date for it, because the developers wanted to spend a few months making sure that the game will be compatible with as many Android devices as possible, a task that is not easily accomplished due to the high variety of Android hardware.[96]

The Androidbeta versionofFortnitewas released on August 9, 2018, with a time-exclusivity for selectedSamsungmobile devices until August 12, 2018.[97][98]On August 13, 2018, Epic began sending invites for the Android version to registered users for non-Samsung devices,[99]and by October 11, 2018, the Android client was made available to all without an invite.[100]

Until April 2020, the Android version was originally not distributed onGoogle Play Store:users had tosideloadan installer app from anAndroid application package(APK) file downloaded from the Epic Games' website (although on Samsung devices, the app was also available via the internalSamsung Galaxy Appsservice).[101][102]Epic Games stated that it wanted to have a direct connection to the players of the game, and did not want its microtransactions to be subject to Google Play Store's 30%revenue sharingrequirement (considering them disproportionate to the types of services the store provides).[103]Epic had tried to seek an exemption from Google from this revenue cut for in-app purchases, but Google refused, stating the need for the fee to maintain and improve the Google Play storefront.[104]Security experts expressed concern over this decision, since this requires users to modify security settings in default Android distributions to allow third-party sites to install Android application packages (APK). This setting can make users, particularly younger players, prone to potentialmalware,includingclonesofFortnitethatinstall malicious programming.[105]About a month after the Android release, there were at least 32 clones of theFortniteinstaller on the Google Store, with half found to include malware.[106]Epic's installer for Android does include a warning message following the install that users should re-enable security controls and warns users of only downloading content from trusted sources.[107]The initial installer was found by Google to have a potential vector that would allow for malware to be installed, though this was patched within 48 hours of discovery and Epic did not believe anyone used the vector.[108]By April 2020, Epic announced it would releaseFortnitefor Android via the Play Store and discontinue its side-loading approach, stating that Google puts third-party software outside of the Play Store at a high disadvantage.[109]

The iOS version ofFortnite Battle Royalealone brought in an estimatedUS$1 millionin microtransaction revenue within the first three days of in-app purchases being available, according to analysis firm Sensor Tower.Glixelconsidered these numbers impressive, compared to the early success rate of other popular mobile games, such asPokémon GoandClash Royalewhich earnedUS$4.9 millionandUS$4.6 millionin their first four days, respectively.[110]Sensor Tower further estimated that after one month, the mobile title had earned more thanUS$25 millionin revenue, surpassing revenues from any other mobile games and other several top-grossing apps during the same period.[111][112]

Epic announced in May 2020 alongside its reveal of the upcomingUnreal Engine 5that ports ofFortnitefor thePlayStation 5andXbox Series Xare planned to be available at the time of consoles' releases in late 2020. These will initially run on Unreal Engine 4, but the game is expected to transition to Unreal Engine 5 by mid-2021 when the engine is released.[113]Fortnitefinally moved to Unreal Engine 5 with the launch of Chapter 3 in December 2021.[84]

Cross-platform play

For the first five seasons, all ports ofFortnite Battle Royalesupportedcross-platform playwith other versions, but with limited interaction with the PlayStation 4. Players on personal computer and mobile versions could cross-play with Xbox One and Nintendo Switch users, or alternatively they could cross-play with PlayStation 4 users.[92][114]While Epic Games had expressed interest in having full cross-platform play across all available platforms, Sony's continued refusal to allow cross-play between the PlayStation 4 and other consoles rendered this impossible, according to Microsoft.[92]Further, while players could use a single Epic Games account to share progress inFortnite Battle Royaleon all other platforms, those who used their PlayStation Network credentials to establish their Epic account cannot use that account on other platforms.[115][116]The account restriction was confirmed to be as a result of Sony's initial decision to prohibit cross-platform play between its PlayStation 4 and other consoles, rather than a choice Epic had made.[115][117]

By September 2018, Sony had made a decision to allow cross-platform play for the PlayStation 4 for "select third-party titles", starting withFortnite.A beta version of the PlayStation 4 client supporting this was released for the game on September 26, 2018, the same day as Sony's announcement.[118]Tools to merge multiple Epic accounts as well as unlinking console accounts from an Epic account to attach to another were released in February 2019.[119][120]The first full patch adding in cross-platform play support across all consoles was released in March 2019.[121]

Solo mobile players, or squads entirely consisting of mobile players will play solely with other mobile players by default for fairness; players however can use cross-platform play to join squads on other platforms, and matchmaking will consider all available matches.[122]With the March 2019 for cross-platform play, the game will similar matchmake PlayStation 4 and Xbox One users by default to avoid these players being at a disadvantage against computer users.[121]

Promotion and marketing

In May 2018, Epic announced a partnership with sports apparel manufacturing companyIMGto produce officialFortnite-themed clothing.[123]AHasbro-licensedFortnite Battle Royale-themed version ofMonopolywas announced for release by late 2018; theFortnite Monopolygame reflects some elements of the video game, such as the money being replaced with player's lives, and the ability to protect properties on the board with walls.[124]Further, with this deal, Hasbro producedFortnite-basedNerfblasters, which reached retail in 2019.[125]Funkoreleased a series ofFortnitethemed Pop! figurines in late 2018.[126]

Fortnite Battle Royalehas been packaged as special bundles with both the Xbox One and Nintendo Switch, each version providing redeemable codes for V-bucks and platform-unique customization options.[127][128]A retail release ofFortnite Battle Royale,calledFortnite: Deep Freeze Bundle,was distributed byWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainmentfor the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch in late 2018. The package included a redeemable code for V-Bucks and unique in-game cosmetics.[129]

In October 2018, Epic launched its "Support a Creator" program forFortnite.Individual players could designate one of several popularFortnitestreamers, selected by Epic via an application process, to support via the game client. That creator would then earn money based on how many V-bucks their supporters spent within the game, at a rate ofUS$5for every 10,000 V-Bucks (roughly, 5% of the monetary value).[130]Though initially planned as a limited time event, Epic found by December 2018 that millions ofFortniteplayers were using the promotion to support more than 10,000 streamers, and since have made it a permanent option forFortniteand hoping this would help some creators go full-time,[131]and plans to extend this program to other games offered via theEpic Games Store,includingTom Clancy's The Division 2.[132]

In November 2018, Epic partnered with theNational Football League(NFL) to make character outfits for each of the 32 teams in the league, as well as the original "FortniteTeam "outfits, available to purchase for a limited time. This was the result of the influence ofFortniteon NFL players, who had frequently performedFortnitedance emotes as touchdown celebrations.[133]

Esports

TheFortnitePro-Am event at E3 2018

One of the first professionalesportscompetitions usingFortnitewas theFortnitePro-Am event, held on June 12, 2018, duringE3 2018,with 3,000 in attendance.[4]This tournament was announced after the success of the March 2018 stream byNinjawhere he played alongside celebrities likeDrake.The event featuring 50 celebrities paired with 50 top streaming players competing for prize pool ofUS$3 millionto be given to winning teams' charities.[134]Ninja and his celebrity teammateMarshmellowere the winners of this event.[135]Additional Pro-Am events were held atE3 2019in June 2019.

In May 2018, Epic announced it was setting asideUS$100 millionto fund various tournaments throughout the year to help growFortnite Battle Royaleinto an eSport.[136]The firstFortniteWorld Cuptournament was announced in February 2019, with qualifying rounds in April through June 2019, and the finals held at theArthur Ashe Stadiumin New York City from July 26–28, 2019. A total prize pool ofUS$30 million,including aUS$3 millionpayout to the winner of the solo and duo competitions, was given out.[137][138]

During mid-2018, Epic started running a Summer Skirmish series over eight weeks, each week having a different format, withUS$8 millionto be offered to winners throughout the series. The series had some initial problems; the first week event was cut short due to technical issues with game servers, while the second event ended with accusations of cheating towards the winner which Epic later verified were not true.[139]Epic launched its second competition play series, the Fall Skirmish, on September 21, 2018, with up toUS$10 millionin prizes for winners.[140]

Starting with the game's tenth season in August 2019, Epic plans to run various Champion Series competitions for cash prizes. Each series is expected to have a different format, such as the first one slated to use squads of three. Each will have a number of qualifying weeks and a final tournament to determine winners across several geographic regions.[141]

Through PlayVS, Epic will sponsor high school and college-levelFortnitetournaments in the United States starting in 2020.[142]

Other media

Comics

Epic andDC Comicspartnered for a six-issue comic book crossover series,Batman/Fortnite: Zero Point,to start distribution in April 2021. The story is written byChristos Gagein collaboration with Epic's Donald Mustard. Each issue included codes to unlock in-game items forFortnite: Battle Royalewith a Batman outfit code available with purchase of all six books, or a hardcover copy of the series.[143]

In another collaboration between Epic and DC,Batman/Fortnite: Zero Pointreceived a sequel in October 2021, astandalonecomic titled:Batman/Fortnite: Foundation.It also had a redeemable code to claim aThe Batman Who Laughsoutfit.[144]

Other crossover comics based on the game are Fortnite X Marvel: Zero War, a 5-issue series, a product of a collaboration between Epic Games andMarvel Comics.Each issue includes item codes and skins for Fortnite: Battle Royale including a Spider-Man Zero suit.[145]

In another collaboration between Epic and Marvel is Nexus War: Thor comic of Thor in the Fortnite universe.[146]

Reception and legacy

Player count and revenue

See also:Reception and accolades for Fortnite

Fortnite Battle Royalereceived generally positive reviews on all platforms. Daniel Tack ofGame Informergave the game 9.5/10 and praised the "stylish and colorful visuals", "incredibly easy" playability, high replayability and called it an "a frenzy of fresh, fantastical fun".[155]Michael Higham ofGamespotgave the game 8/10 and praised the "intuitive" building mechanics, "unexpected" challenges, "fresh" updates, though criticized its repetitive resource-gathering, map traversal and "bare" main towns.[156]Austen Golsin ofIGNgave the game 9.6/10 and stated, "Thanks to the freedom of its outstanding building mechanic,Fortnite Battle Royaleisn't just a great battle royale game – it's one of the best multiplayer games in recent history. "[157]

Fortnite Battle Royalehas become a phenomenon and has been compared by analysts toWorld of WarcraftandMinecraftfor successfully drawing in people who do not usually play video games.[158]Fortnite Battle Royaleobtained over 10 million players two weeks after its release.[159]By March 2018, it was estimated to have more than 45 million players.[160]Three months later, in June 2018, Epic announced they had achieved over 125 million players in less than a year, with at least 40 million players playing the game once per month.[161]In November 2018,Bloombergreported thatFortnitehad over 200 million registered accounts across all platforms.[162]Epic CEO Tim Sweeney reported that the game had reached 250 million players by the time of the 2019Game Developers Conference,with an estimated 35% of those players being female, the highest known percentage for any shooter game.[163]By May 2020, Epic stated the game had over 350 million registered players.[164]In August 2020, a legal battle between Apple and Epic Games disclosed that Fortnite has over 25 million daily active users, including 10% DAU on iOS.[165]By the end of the year,Fortniteas a whole (includingFortnite Battle Royale) had generated over$9 billionworldwide.[166]

Individual platform releases saw initial surges in player counts. Within a day of becoming available, the Nintendo Switch version had been downloaded over 2 million times, according to Nintendo.[167]Epic said thatFortnitehad been downloaded over 15 million times for Android within three weeks of its launch.[168]On the release of Season 5 in July 2018,Akamai Technologiesreported thatFortnitetraffic neared 37terabytesper second, the largest recorded amount of traffic for any video game that they have observed.[169]With its quarterly financial report ending September 30, 2018, Nintendo said thatFortnite Battle Royalehad been downloaded on about half of all Switch systems they have sold, representing about 11.5 million downloads.[170]

Fortnite Battle Royalewas made available to South Korea and their numerousPC bangsin November 2018; shortly after this point, Epic reported thatFortnitehas surpassed a concurrent player count of 8.3 million, surpassing the game's previous record of 3.4 million in February 2018.[87]

Analysis firm SuperData estimated thatFortnite Battle Royalemade overUS$126 millionin February 2018, surpassingBattlegrounds's revenues for the same period ofUS$103 million.[171]SuperData estimatedFortnite's revenues over all platforms to exceedUS$223 millionfor the month of March.[172]By April 2018, SuperData estimated thatFortnite Battle Royalehad surpassed both sales and player count on all platforms overBattlegrounds.[173]The game generatedUS$296 millionin revenue in April, followed byUS$318 millionin May, according to SuperData.[174][175]By July 2018,Fortnite Battle Royalehad been estimated to have brought in overUS$1 billionin revenue.[176][4]Prior to the Season 5 start in July 2018, Sensor Tower estimated that the mobile version ofFortnite Battle Royalemade overUS$1.2 milliondaily; following the launch of Season 5, revenues jumped toUS$2 millionper day.[177]SuperData estimated thatFortnite Battle Royalebrought in$2.4 billionin revenue during 2018, the highest annual revenue of any free-to-play title.[178]SuperData estimated thatFortniterevenues dropped by 25% in 2019 toUS$1.8 billion,attributing the drop to stabilization of expenditures for the game, and was still the highest revenue-earning game in 2019.[179]

At the time of Tencent's investment into Epic in 2012, Epic Games had aUS$825 millionvaluation.[180]Because ofFortnite Battle Royale,Epic's valuation increased toUS$4.5 billionas of May 2018.[181]Bloombergraised the estimate to aroundUS$8.5 billionby the end of 2018 shouldFortnite Battle RoyalereachUS$2 billionduring the year.[180]Partially due to the influx of revenue fromFortnite Battle Royale,Epic reduced its portion of sales it collected from theUnreal EngineMarketplace from 30% to 12% in July 2018, applying that retroactively to past sales.[182]

Viewership

Fortnite Battle Royalehas also had record viewership on various streaming services. One of the first major streams ofFortnitewas in March 2018, in whichTyler "Ninja" Blevinshosted a stream that includedDrake,Travis Scott,Kim DotCom,andPittsburgh Steelerswide receiverJuJu Smith-Schusterall playing the game. The stream broke over 635,000 concurrent viewers, making it the highest-watched stream on Twitch outside of esports tournaments at the time.[183][184]YouTube streamerRubén Doblas Gundersenheld aFortnite Battle Royalematch with 99 other well-known YouTube streamers in late March, which drew over 1.1 million viewers, making it one of the most-watched gaming YouTube streams.[185]TheFortnitePro-Am event held at E3 2018 was estimated to have drawn over 1.3 million views across Twitch and other streaming services, making it one of the highest-viewed live-streamed event to date.[186]

Further live events set by Epic have continued to draw record numbers of stream viewers. The 2019Fortnite World Cupdrew 1.5 million viewers, while "The End" event that closed out Season X in October 2019 had 1.6 million. Even after the conclusion of the event, during the 36-hour period that theFortnitegame only showed a black screen with a spot of light on it,Fortnitestreams had up to 327,000 viewers on Twitch and 437,000 viewers on YouTube watching the idle animation.[187]Epic reported that over 7 million total viewers across Twitch, YouTube, and Twitter across "The End" event.[188]The Chapter 2, Season 2 ending event in June 2020 had drawn 12 million in-game players with an additional 8.4 million watching through player streams.[189]The single largest viewed in-game concert was theTravis Scottin-game concert in April 2020, which drew 12.3 million in-game players to watch.[43]The single largest viewed-in game event was the Devourer of Worlds Event, which brought 15.3 million in-game players and an additional 3.4 million people watching through streams.[190]

Impact

TheFortniteexhibition booth during theElectronic Entertainment Expo 2018

Journalists attributedFortnite Battle Royale's success overPlayerUnknown Battlegroundsas a combination of several factors: besides being free-to-play and available on consoles, the game was released at a time whenBattlegroundswas struggling with game cheaters and a toxic community, and that it features a less violent, cartoonish quality to it that, likeMinecraft,was able to draw in a younger and mixed-gendered audiences to play.[191][192]Further, Epic has maintained frequent updates for the game, adding new weapons and in-game tools alongside limited-time events and longer-term narrative elements that help to further draw in players.[193]The high interest in the game within March 2018, which has been able to draw larger audiences compared to existing multiplayer games likeGrand Theft Auto OnlineandDestiny 2,has had a financial impact on competing publishersTake-Two InteractiveandActivision Blizzard,their stocks having fallen during this period, according to analysts fromMorgan StanleyandKeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.[160][181]Activision's CEOBobby Kotick,on their quarterly results released May 2018, stated that "Fortnite is definitely a lot of competition right now...it's been a really important catalyst in attracting new gamers to gaming",[194]and the company is looking to develop its own battle royale title.[195]Electronic ArtsCEO Blake Jorgensen also considered bothFortnite Battle RoyaleandBattlegroundsas having a significant market impact. Jorgensen said "[Fortnite is] bringing younger people into the marketplace and younger people into first-person shooters, and I think that's good for the long run health of that category for all of us in the industry".[196]Non-video game entertainment companies have also seen the impact ofFortnite.Netflix,in reporting its Q4 2018 results, stated that their competition is more withFortnite,including streaming content related to the game, rather than rival television network stations likeHBO.[197]

Part of the game's success is also considered to be related to its impact onsocial media.[158]By March 2018,Fortnite Battle Royalebecame the most-viewed game onTwitch,exceeding the average-concurrent viewership numbers ofLeague of LegendsandBattlegrounds.[198]Blevins has gained significant attention as one of the first majorFortnite Battle Royalestreamers. He gained a large number of subscribers by March 2018, in part due to his skill and through promotions on Twitch that offered freeFortnite Battle Royalecosmetic items; by March 2018, he was estimated to be makingUS$500,000a month from his streaming revenue.[199]By the end of 2018, Blevins had reported he had made nearlyUS$10 millionfrom hisFortnitestreaming activities in 2018 with over 20 million subscribers to his YouTube and Twitch channels.[200]For his success fromFortnite,Timeincluded Blevins within itsTime100most influential people of 2019.[201][202]To acknowledge individuals like Blevins that had helped grow the popularity ofFortnite,Epic has released a number of in-game cosmetics under the "Icon Series" based on the real-life people; in addition to Blevins, cosmetics were released for musicians Marshmello andMajor Lazer,and the streamerLoserfruit,with a planned release of cosmetics related to David "Grefg" Martínez.[203][204]

Fortnitecosplayers at E3 2018

A number of celebrities and athletes have said they playFortnite Battle Royale,such asChance the Rapper,Joe Jonas,Finn Wolfhard,Roseanne Barr,andNorm Macdonald.[205]For athletes, their appreciation for the game has taken on the form of recreating the various emotes in game as part of their on-field celebration dances.[206]SuchFortnitecelebrations were frequently throughout the2018 FIFA World Cupevent in June and July 2018,[207]including byAntoine Griezmannafter a scoring penalty kick during the2018 FIFA World Cup Final.[208]Other notable people have expressed their fondness for the game; theRusso brothers,directors ofAvengers: Infinity War,stated that they often playedFortnite Battle Royaleduring breaks on the film's development, leading them to propose the idea of the limited-time Thanos mode for the game.[26]The Russo brothers also co-directed the introduction cinematic for Chapter 2 Season 6 that was released in March 2021.[209]The awareness of the game from well-known celebrities has been considered a reason for further popularity and player growth of the game.[210]

Fortnite Battle Royalehas been jokingly referred to as "Fork Knife" on social media, believed to have originated with people, unfamiliar with the game, described their friends and family spending time playing the game.[211]Epic added a harvestable, non-playable "Fork Knife" food truck to the game map as the term gained popularity.[4]In September 2018,Fortnitewas featured as a question on the game showJeopardy!,[212]and was spoofed in a skit on the September 29, 2018, episode ofSaturday Night Live.[213]TheSouth Parkepisode "The Scoots"featured the cast wearingFortnite-based Halloween costumes.[214]InThe Big Bang Theoryepisode "The Citation Negation",Bernadetteattempts to learn how to playFortnite Battle Royaleto beatHoward.[215]Fortnitealso makes an easter egg appearance in theDisneyanimated filmRalph Breaks the Internet.[216]The game was also a central focal point in the2018 YouTube Rewindyear retrospective, and included an appearance by the popularFortnitestreamerNinja.[217]

In addition to there being a limited-time tie-in game mode forAvengers: Endgame,Fortniteconversely appears in the film, in which it is played byKorgin New Asgard, a village inhabited by Asgardian refugees recuperating from the devastating events ofThor: RagnarokandAvengers: Infinity War.[218]

Past and ongoing concerns

Parental concerns

With the release of the mobile version, teachers, parents, and students have found that the game had become popular to younger players due to the free-to-play nature, its cartoonish art style, and its social nature.[219]This carries over into educational institutions, where the game has been seen as a disruptive element within the classroom and affecting students' ability to complete homework assignments.[220][221][222][223]Epic has since added warnings on the game's loading screens to discourage students from playing it during classes.[224]In 2018, the UK'sSecretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sportat the timeMatt Hancock,expressed concern at how much time children were playingFortnite Battle Royaleand similar video games without a balance of physical exercise and social interactions.[225]Other agencies, including the United States'Center on Media and Child Healthand the United Kingdom'sNational Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Childrenhave cautioned parents that children may be influenced by the violent behavior due toFortnite Battle Royale.[226][227]Prince Harry,speaking about various influences of social media on children in April 2019, proposed a possible ban onFortnite Battle Royale,saying, "The game shouldn't be allowed", and "It's created to addict. An addiction to keep you in front of a computer for as long as possible. It's so irresponsible."[228]Calex Legal, a Montreal law firm, filed a class-action lawsuit against Epic Games asserting that Epic has known the game is addictive but fail to give this warning to players.[229]Calex's suit was allowed to proceed in December 2022 after both a Superior Court and the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the lawsuit was not frivolous.[230]A separate class-action suit filed in California in February 2021 asserts that Epic knowingly "misleads and manipulates minors into handing over ever-increasing amounts of real money for virtual things" through its V-bucks system.[231]

At the same time, parents have expressed appreciation forFortniteto have their children engage socially outside of their core groups of friends in a game that is otherwise not excessively violent,[232]or see offeringFortniteas a reward for encouraging children to do well in school, offering their children the purchase of V-bucks in exchange for good grades.[233]Some parents see potential in their children becoming skilled inFortniteas to become professional players and compete for part of the large prize pools, creating a market for tutors to help children improve their skills in the game.[234]At the same time, asFortnite Battle Royalebecame a social hangout for younger players, issues of peer pressure and bullying have been raised. Cosmetic outfits are seen as a sign of skill and status, so younger players spend money to get the rarer outfits to appear equal with their friends, or may be taunted by other players for not having such outfits and using the game's "default" skins.[235]WhileFortnitehas been successful in its monetization scheme, this approach using battle passes and rotating outfit availability induces players to continue to spend money in a "Keeping up with the Joneses"-type effect.[236]

Other issues related to children's interest inFortnitehave been raised. Several of the security issues raised around the game are heightened with younger players who may not easily recognize such illicit schemes and put themselves at risk to privacy invasion.[237]There is some concern thatonline child sexual predatorswould be able to easily make contact with underage players, with at least one documented case fromFlorida.[238][239]

On November 16, 2023,Fortniteadded an age restriction system that prohibited users from using certain character skins in various user-created experiences. The change was met with backlash from many players.[240]Four days later, on November 20,Fortniteremoved the system.

Security issues

Fortnite's popularity has drawn a network ofhackerssince March 2018 that target accounts with lucrative outfits and emotes as to resell those accounts to other users. Some of those hackers, speaking anonymously to theBBC,stated they were making thousands ofBritish poundsa week through these actions.[241]Authorities that monitor thedark webhave found thatFortnite Battle Royalehas become a popular way to engage in credit card fraud: criminals with access to stolen credit card information use that to purchase V-bucks on a freshly-madeFortniteaccount when they then sell through services likeeBayplayers at a discount, often preying on children and young adults with these schemes.[242][243]

Separately, other security experts such asCheck Pointhave found exploits withFortniteand its underlying services that allowed hackers to gain access to some accounts, enabling them to gain personal details, buy V-bucks, and listen in to the account's owner when they use the game's voice chat system. Epic closed a key exploit that enabled this by January 2019.[244]A class-action lawsuit was filed in August 2019 over this breach, acknowledging while Epic did fix the problem, it failed to notified the users that were affected by it.[245]

Epic has taken action against players that have used in-game hacks, likeaimbots,to gain a competitive edge when these are discovered.[246]In one notable case, Jarvis Khattri, a member ofFaZe Clan,was given a lifetimeFortniteban in November 2019 after he had posted a video which showed how aimbots withinFortniteworked, despite having cautioned his viewers to not use aimbots nor providing details of how to acquire the aimbot. The ban was controversial as Khattri had developed his esports career onFortnite,and FaZe Clan had started discussions with Epic Games to reduce the ban in context of the video clip.[247]

Dance emotes lawsuits

The popularity ofFortnite's dance emotes, which borrow from dance moves in popular culture, have led the creators of these dances to express concern and take legal action about these moves being sold by Epic, even though theUnited States Copyright Officehad issued statements that individual dance moves are uncopyrightable.[248][249]These include rapper 2 Milly regarding his "Milly Rock", and actorDonald Faisonrelated to a dance move he used on the TV showScrubs.[250]2 Milly has started taking legal action against Epic with copyright infringement over the "Milly Rock" -based dance emote as well as asserting claims againstpersonality rightsunder California law.[251][252]ActorAlfonso Ribeirofiled a similar suit against Epic for their "Fresh" emote dance, which Ribeiro says was directly based on his character Carlton Banks' dance fromThe Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.[253]"Backpack Kid" Russell Horning, whose dance move theFlosswas popularized through live performance withKaty Perry,has also initiated legal action against Epic for copyright infringement of his dance.[254]Another lawsuit by the parent of the child that created the popularOrange Justicedance has also filed a lawsuit against Epic on similar grounds; in this case, while the child had submitted the dance for an Epic-run contest for a newFortnitedance emote, he did not win, but fans petitioned Epic to include the dance anyway. The lawsuit challenges that the child was not recognized or compensated for the dance move.[255]BlocBoy JBfiled another suit against Epic over his "Shoot" dance move, represented by the in-game "Hype" emote, by late January 2019.[256]Jared Nickensand Jaylen Brantley filed a lawsuit against Epic in February 2019, seekingUS$20 millionin damages for Epic's use of their "Running Man" dance.[257]

In at least one of these cases, that from 2 Milly, Epic is seeking the suit to be dismissed claiming that a simple dance move cannot be copyrighted, according to guidance issued by the United States Copyright Office.[258]

In March 2019, theSupreme Court of the United Statesruled inFourth Estate Public Benefit Corp. v. Wall-Street,an unrelated case, that a copyright infringement lawsuit cannot commence until the Copyright office registered the copyright. As the Copyright office has refused to register some of these dance emotes as copyrights, four of the six pending suits (2 Milly, Ribeiro, Backpack Kid and Orange Shirt Kid) were withdrawn within a few days. The firm that represented the four cases, Pierce Bainbridge Beck Price & Hect, stated this was merely a procedural withdrawal until they completed the registrations with the Copyright office.[259]

A seventh suit was filed byLeo Pellegrino,a saxophone player known for his dances during his performances. Unlike previous cases, Pellegrino's case accuses Epic Games ofmisappropriationof his trademarked likeness over an in-game emote that has a player's character dance while playing a saxophone, rather than any specific dance move.[260]A federal district judge ruled in March 2020 thatFortnitesufficiently transforms Pellegrino's move from his overall likeness to qualify for First Amendment protections, and summarily ruled against all but one of Pellegrino's other claims. The claim of false endorsement was allowed to remain but still will be reviewed by the courts.[261]

After receiving a complaint from comedian Matt Geiler over a combination of a dance emote and cosmetic outfit that he claimed infringe on his character of the "Dancing Pumpkin Man", Epic preemptively filed a request to the courts in December 2019 to rule that their emote and cosmetics do not infringe on Geiler's trademark or copyright.[262]

Since then, Epic had worked with a dance creator to work the dance emote into the game,[263]such as with musicianRick Astleyto add a dance based on his song "Never Gonna Give You Up"(commonly associated withrickrolling).[264]

Similar suits have been filed against the same dance moves used in2K Games'NBA 2Kgames, while the offending dance moves were removed in January 2019 from the gameForza Horizon 4,though it is unknown if this was due to legal action.[265]In the lawsuit involving Ribeiro's dance, the Copyright Office had refused to grant Ribeiro a copyright for the dance, not only because they considered it a "simple dance routine", but also because Ribeiro had created the dance in context of another copyrighted work, so he would likely be unable to claim ownership.[266]

A suit filed by choreographer Kyle Hanagami over his dance moves being used inFortniteemotes was initially dismissed by a federal district court, but was overruled by theNinth Circuitin November 2023. The Ninth Circuit argued that while individual poses of a dance move cannot be copyrighted, the overall choreography of a full dance could be copyrightable, allowing the case against Epic to continue forward.[267]

Apple and Google lawsuits

Main article:Epic Games v. Apple

On August 13, 2020, Epic announced it was permanently discounting the price of V-bucks across all platforms by 20%, except for those purchased directly through the iOS App Store and Google Play storefronts. For the mobile platforms, Epic created its own purchasing option that allowed players to purchase directly from Epic bypassing Apple and Google. Epic said that they could not offer this discount to those purchasing through Apple or Google's storefronts due to the 30% fee both took from each sale, which was seen by journalists as yet another means to challenge the 30% fee.[268]Later that day, both Apple and Google removedFortnitefrom their stores, both claiming that the payment system violates the store terms. The removals prevent players from downloading the game but not playing it if they already own it.[269][270]The game still remained available on theSamsung Galaxy Storefor Samsung devices as well as directly from Epic Games via their sideloaded app for all Android devices.[270]

Epic immediately filed a lawsuit against Apple over "unfair and anti-competitive actions",[271]along with releasing a short "Nineteen Eighty-Fortnite" parodying Apple's "1984"advertisement to explain the reasonings for filing the lawsuit.[272]Epic filed a similar lawsuit against Google the same day.[273][274]

While the game remained playable for users that previously downloaded it, its removal from the iOS App Store left Epic the inability to update the game, which it used to caution players on social media that they will miss out on the upcoming new season starting August 27; Epic also cautioned macOS similarly that they would be unable to update their version as well.[275][276]Epic was denied a preliminary injunction on August 24, 2020, that would have forced Apple to keep the game on the App Store, thus leaving the game unable to update on iOS.[277]Epic had also believed that Apple was terminating the ability for users with Epic account linked through Apple to log in using their Apple ID by September 11, 2020, but Apple confirmed they would not be disabling this feature.[278]Following the trial in May 2021, the federal judge issued a first ruling in September 2021 that included a permanent injunction against Apple that prevented from blocking developers like Epic from including links to alternative payment systems for apps on the App Store.[279]

BBCreported in November 2020 that Epic had worked a deal withNvidiaas to allow iOS players to playFortnitethrough theGeForce Nowcloud gaming service running within a browser, the method which would bypass the requirement for Epic to require Apple to manage the in-game purchases.[280]The browser-based GeForce Now client for iOS was released by November 19, 2020, withFortniteto be added at a later time.[281]On May 5, 2022, Microsoft released their Cloud based gaming service, the second workaround to the Mobile platform issue. Anyone with a free Microsoft account can login in and access Fortnite via their mobile devices.[282]

In January 2018,Bluehole's PUBG Corp., the South Korean company behindPlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds(PUBG), filed a lawsuit against Epic Games, claiming thatFortnite Battle Royalewas a copyright infringement ofBattlegrounds;they accused Epic Games of copyingPUBG's user interface and game items.[283][284]According toKorea Times,market observers predicted that there would be little likelihood of Bluehole winning the case, as it would be difficult to establish the originality ofPUBGin court due to the battle royale game genre, which includes bothPUBGandFortnite Battle Royale,being derived from the 2000 Japanese filmBattle Royale.[285]The case has since closed, with PUBG Corp. dropping the lawsuit in June 2018 under undisclosed reasons.[286]

Epic has taken legal action against persons that have signednon-disclosure agreements(NDAs) in regards to leaking information about upcoming game information. In May 2018, Epic Games filed a lawsuit againstquality assurancetester Thomas Hannah after he leaked information regarding Season 4. Hannah, who had joined Epic in December 2017, breached the NDA by sharing details of the Season with Adam DiMarco. DiMarco later shared information in aRedditpost, spoiling the theme of the Season.[287]Epic stated that Hannah "diminished the enjoyment of the people who play, or who watch others play, Fortnite by ruining the suspense that had been building in the Fortnite community in anticipation of upcoming season".[288]Epic also sent FNBRLeaks, a group that datamined the filesFortniteto determine new features and events that were likely coming in the near future, acease & desistletter in December 2018, stating that their reporting of these upcoming features were negatively harming Epic and spoiling the game for the players. FNBRLeaks complied with the terms of the letter.[289]Epic initiated a lawsuit in October 2019 against aFortniteexperience tester that leaked details of the Chapter 2 transition days before the event occurred, which included details of the map and mechanics, stating the tester broke confidentiality agreements.[290]Epic filed a second similar lawsuit in November 2019 against a tester out of Keywords Studio in Montreal over similar Chapter 2 leaks that were in breach of the terms of theirnon-disclosure agreement.[291]

Epic has also taken action against players who have profited by profiting cheats to other players inFortnite.These suits include:

  • In October 2017, Epic Games filed civil complaints against two associates of the website Addicted Cheats, which for a payment provided cheating services to players. The company argued that the two defendants made and used altered game breaking code that was against theEnd User License Agreementand theCopyright Act.[292]
  • Epic filed suit against a minor in 2017 who had used cheats in game and advertised these cheats in their YouTube channel videos. The case was ultimately settled out of court by February 2021 with undisclosed terms.[293]
  • In October 2018, Epic Games sued YouTuber Brandon Lucas, who posts videos on the channel, Golden Modz. The lawsuit details that Lucas, cheats at the game and "promotes, advertises and sells software that enables those who use it to cheat."[294]The lawsuit also names Lucas's secondary website in which visitors are encouraged to purchase the hack and/or Fortnite user accounts preloaded with hacks.[295]

The company that oversees theCoral Castlestructure inMiami-Dade County, Floridafiled a lawsuit against Epic Games in August 2020, on trademark infringement over use of the name "Coral Castle" associated with the location the game introduced in Chapter 2, Season 3. The suit contends that the name along with the nautical theme created confusion with their landmark.[296]

Notes

  1. ^Retail versions published byWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.
  2. ^Used Unreal Engine 4 before the release of Chapter 3 on December 5, 2021.
  3. ^abcdeThe iOS and Android clients were removed by Apple and Google respectively on August 13, 2020, as Epic had changed how one could buy V-bucks with the client, leading Epic to file a lawsuit against Apple. The macOS version will be unable to be updated. SeeEpic Games v. Apple.The game remained playable if one had already downloaded it. On Android, while it is no longer available on Google Play, it remains available via theSamsung Galaxy Storeon Samsung Galaxy devices as well as directly from the Epic Games App on all other Android devices.

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Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fortnite_Battle_Royale&oldid=1259567235"