Wikipedia

Grace Kelly

"Grace of Monaco" redirects here. For the film, seeGrace of Monaco(film).
This article is about the American actress and Princess of Monaco. For other uses, seeGrace Kelly (disambiguation).

Grace Patricia Kelly(November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982), also known asGrace of Monaco,was an American actress andPrincess of Monacoas the wife ofPrince Rainier IIIfromtheir 1956 marriageuntil her death in 1982. Prior to her marriage, she achieved stardom in several significantHollywood filmsin the early to mid-1950s. She received anAcademy Award,threeGolden Globe Awardsand was ranked 13th on theAmerican Film Institute's25 Greatest Female Starslist.[1]

Grace Kelly
Kelly in 1953
Princess consort of Monaco
TenureApril 18,1956 –September 14,1982
BornGrace Patricia Kelly
(1929-11-12)November 12, 1929
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedSeptember 14, 1982(1982-09-14)(aged 52)
La Colle, Monaco
BurialSeptember 18, 1982
Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate,Monaco-Ville, Monaco
Spouse
​
​
(m.1956)​
Issue
HouseGrimaldi(by marriage)
FatherJack Kelly Sr.
MotherMargaret Majer
SignatureGrace Kelly's signature
EducationAmerican Academy of Dramatic Arts
OccupationActress
Years active
  • 1949–1956
WorksFull list
Awards

Kelly was born into a prominentCatholicfamily inPhiladelphia.[2][3][4][5][6]After graduating from theAmerican Academy of Dramatic Artsin 1949, she began appearing inNew York City theatrical productionsand television broadcasts. Kelly made her film debut inFourteen Hours(1951) and gained stardom from her roles inFred Zinnemann'swestern filmHigh Noon(1952), andJohn Ford's adventure-romanceMogambo(1953), the latter of which earned her theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actressnomination. She won theAcademy Award for Best Actressfor her performance in the dramaThe Country Girl(1954).[7]Other notable works include thewar filmThe Bridges at Toko-Ri(1954), theromantic comedyHigh Society(1956), and threeAlfred Hitchcocksuspense thrillers:Dial M for Murder(1954),Rear Window(1954), andTo Catch a Thief(1955).

Kelly retired from acting at age 26 to marry Rainier and began her duties as Princess of Monaco. Grace and Rainier had three children:Princess Caroline,Prince Albert,andPrincess Stéphanie.Princess Grace's charity work focused on young children and the arts. In 1964, she established thePrincess Grace Foundationto support local artisans. Her organization forchildren's rights,AMADE Mondiale,gained consultive status withinUNICEFandUNESCO.Her final film role was narratingThe Children of Theatre Street(1977), which was nominated for anAcademy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Grace died at the age of 52 atMonaco Hospital,from injuries sustained in a car crash.[8]Her son, Prince Albert, helped establish thePrincess Grace Awardsin 1984 to recognize emerging performers in film, theatre, and dance.

Early life and family

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The Kelly family home, built byJohn B. Kelly Sr.in 1929, inEast Falls, Philadelphia

Grace Patricia Kelly was born on November 12, 1929, atHahnemann University HospitalinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family.[2][5][6][9][10]Her father,John B. Kelly Sr.,[11]was born to Irish immigrants;[12]he won three Olympic gold medals forsculling.He owned a successfulbrickworkcontracting company that was well known on theEast Coast.As theDemocratic Partynominee in the 1935 election formayor of Philadelphia,he lost by the closest margin in the city's history. In later years, he served on theFairmount ParkCommission and, duringWorld War II,was appointed byPresident Rooseveltas National Director of Physical Fitness. His brotherWalter C. Kellywas avaudevillestar, who also made films forMetro-Goldwyn-MayerandParamount Pictures,and another brother namedGeorgewas aPulitzer Prize-winning dramatist, screenwriter, and director.[13]He built the family home at 3901 Henry Ave in theEast Falls, Philadelphianeighborhood. The Kelly's former family home went up for sale for $1 million in June 2016.[14]It wound up selling in September 2016 for $775,000.[15]

Kelly's mother,Margaret Majer,was ofGerman ancestry.[16][17]Margaret had taught physical education at theUniversity of Pennsylvaniaand had been the first woman to coach women's athletics at Penn.[17][18]She also modeled for a time in her youth.[17]After marrying John Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a homemaker until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations.[17]Patrilineally, Margaret descended fromProf.Johann Christian von Majer[de](1741–1821) fromLudwigsburg,who worked as a political scientist, jurist and theologian,[19]and was elected five timesRectorof theUniversity of Tübingen.[20]Through him, Grace was descended from theStauffenberg familyand many other minor German noble families, such as von Plieningen, von Münchingen, von Ow, von Bettendorf, von Nippenburg, and von Roth.[21][22]

Kelly had two older siblings, Margaret andJohn Jr.,and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Catholic faith.[23][24]Kelly grew up in a small, close-knit Catholic community. She was baptized and received her elementary education in the parish of Saint Bridget's inEast Falls.Founded in 1853 bySaint John Neumann,the fourth Bishop of Philadelphia, Saint Bridget's was a relatively young parish, with families very familiar with one another. While attendingRavenhill Academy,a Catholic girls' school, Kelly modeled fashions at local charity events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead inDon't Feed the Animals,a play produced in East Falls by the Old Academy Players.[13]

In May 1947, Kelly graduated from Stevens School, a private institution in nearbyChestnut Hill,where she participated in drama and dance programs. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress asIngrid Bergmanand her favorite actor asJoseph Cotten.[25]Written in the "Stevens' Prophecy" section was "Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen". Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected byBennington Collegein July 1947.[26]Despite her parents' initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of becoming an actress. Her father was particularly displeased with her decision, as he viewed acting as "a slim cut above streetwalker" at the time.[24]In 1947, Kelly signed with the Walter Thornton Model Agency gracing the covers of magazines.[27]

In 1954, Kelly dated and was engaged toOleg Cassiniafter his divorce fromGene Tierney.[28]

Career

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1949–1950: Beginnings

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To start her career, she auditioned for theAmerican Academy of Dramatic Artsin New York, using a scene from her uncle George Kelly'sThe Torch-Bearers(1923). Although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admissions department, and was admitted through George's influence.[24]Kelly worked diligently, and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder.[29]Her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, and she made her Broadway debut inStrindberg'sThe Father,alongsideRaymond Massey.At 19, her graduation performance was as Tracy Lord inThe Philadelphia Story.Her uncle continued to advise and mentor Kelly throughout her acting career.[30]

At her father's insistence, she lived at theBarbizon Hotel for WomeninManhattan.[31]She was hired as a model by theJohn Robert Powersagency, where some of her first modeling jobs were doing commercials for bug spray and cigarettes.[32]Kelly was reportedly "fond of dancing to Hawaiian music down the hallways of the Barbizon, and given to shocking her fellow residents by performing topless".[33]She later wrote that she had "wonderful memories of the three years I spent at the Barbizon".[34]

Television producerDelbert Manncast Kelly as the lead in an adaptation of theSinclair LewisnovelBethel Merriday;this was her first of nearly sixty live television programs.[24]She was mentioned inTheatre Worldmagazine as "[a] most promising personality of the Broadway stage of 1950". Some of her well-known works as a theater actress were:The Father,The Rockingham Tea Set,The Apple Tree,The Mirror of Delusion,Episode(forSomerset Maugham's tele-serial), among others.[35]

Impressed by her work inThe Father,Henry Hathaway,director of theTwentieth Century-FoxfilmFourteen Hours(1951), offered her a small role in the film. Kelly had a minor role oppositePaul Douglas,Richard Basehart,andBarbara Bel Geddes,as a young woman contemplating divorce.[36]Douglas commented: "In two senses, she did not have a bad side – you could film her from any angle, and she was one of the most un-temperamental, cooperative people in the business."[37]Following the release of the film, the "Grace Kelly Fan Club" was established, gaining popularity across the country with local chapters springing up and attracting many members. Kelly referred to her fan club as "terrifically amusing".[37]

Kelly was noticed during a visit to the set ofFourteen HoursbyGary Cooper.However, Kelly's performance inFourteen Hourswent largely unnoticed by critics and did not contribute to her film career's momentum. She continued her work in the theater and on television,[13]although she lacked "vocal horsepower", and it was thought she would likely not have had a lengthy stage career.[24]

1951–1953: Early films and breakthrough

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Kelly inHigh Noon(1952), her first major film role

Kelly was performing at Colorado'sElitch Theatrewhen producerStanley Krameroffered her a role co-starring opposite Cooper inFred Zinnemann'sHigh Noon(1952), a Western filmed inColumbia, California.She accepted the role, and the film was shot in the late summer and early fall of 1951 over a 28-day shooting schedule in hot weather conditions. She was cast as a "young Quaker bride to Gary Cooper's stoic marshal", and wore a "suitably demure vaguely Victorian dress".[36]High Noongarnered fourAcademy Awards,and has since been ranked by some reviewers among the best films of all time.[38]

Biographer H. Haughland stated: "Miss Kelly's acting did not excite the critics, or live up to her own expectations."[36]Some critics scoffed at the conclusion of the film in which Cooper's character has to be saved by Kelly's.[39]One critic argued that her pacifist character, killing a man who is about to shoot her husband, was cold and abstract.Alfred Hitchcockdescribed her performance as "rather mousey", and stated that it lacked animation. He said that it was only in her later films that she "really blossomed" and showed her quality.[38][40]

Studio portrait (1953)

After filmingHigh Noon,Kelly returned to New York City and took private acting lessons, wanting to be taken seriously as an actress.[36]She performed in a few dramas in the theater, and in TV serials.[41]She appeared in several television plays,[30]and screen-tested for the filmTaxiin the spring of 1952. DirectorJohn Fordnoticed Kelly in the screen test, and his studio flew her out to Los Angeles to audition in September 1952. Ford said that Kelly showed "breeding, quality, and class". She was given the role, along with a seven-year contract at the relatively low salary of $850 a week (equivalent to $9,753 in 2023).[42]Kelly signed the deal under two conditions: first, that one out of every two years, she had time off to work in the theatre; and second, that she be able to live in New York City at her residence inManhattan House,at 200 E. 66th Street, now a landmark.[24][43]

In November 1952, Kelly and the cast arrived inNairobito begin the production of the filmMogambo,replacingGene Tierney,who dropped out at the last minute due to personal issues.[44][45]Kelly later told Hollywood columnistHedda Hopper,"Mogambohad three things that interested me: John Ford,Clark Gable,and a trip toAfrica,with expenses paid. IfMogambohad been made in Arizona, I wouldn't have done it. "[46]Kelly played Linda Nordley, a contemplative English wife with a romantic interest in Clark Gable's character. Filming took place over the course of three months. The costumes were designed byHelen Rose.A break in the filming schedule afforded her andMogamboco-starAva Gardnera visit to Rome.[47]The film was released in 1953, and had a successful run at the box office.[42]Kelly won aGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress,and received her first Academy Award nomination forBest Supporting Actressfor her performance.[48]

1954–1956: Critical acclaim and final films

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Kelly in a promotional photograph forRear Window(1954)

After the success ofMogambo,Kelly starred in the television playThe Way of an EaglewithJean-Pierre Aumont,before being cast in the film adaptation ofFrederick Knott's Broadway playDial M for Murder,oppositeRay MillandandRobert Cummings.Kelly played the role of the wealthy wife of a retired professional tennis player.[42][49]Alfred Hitchcock became one of Kelly's mentors during the last years of her career.[50][51]She was subsequently lent by MGM to work in several Hitchcock films, which would become some of her most critically acclaimed and recognized work.[42][52]Kelly began filming scenes for her next film,The Bridges at Toko-Ri,in early 1954, withWilliam Holden,forParamount Pictures.The story, based on the novel byJames Michener,is about American Navy jet fighters stationed to fight in Asia. Kelly played the role of Holden's wife.Edith Head,with whom she had established a friendly relationship, did her costumes.[42]

Kelly unhesitatingly turned down the opportunity to star alongsideMarlon BrandoinOn the Waterfront(1954).[53]Eva Marie Saint,who replaced her, went on to win an Academy Award for the role. Instead, Kelly played the role of Lisa Fremont inRear Window.Kelly stated, "All through the making ofDial M for Murder,he (Hitchcock) sat and talked to me aboutRear Windowall the time, even before we had discussed my being in it. "[54][55]Kelly's co-star,James Stewart,was highly enthusiastic about working with her.[56][page needed]The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and fashion model who "never wore the same dress twice,"[42]was unlike any of the previous women she had played. This marked her first performance as an independentcareer woman.In line with their previous collaborations, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with close-ups of the two stars kissing, finally lingering closely on her profile. Hitchcock brought her elegance to the foreground by changing her dresses many times, including: "glamorous evening short dresses, a sheer negligee over a sleek nightgown, a full-skirted floral dress, and a casual pair of jeans".[42]Upon the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was again praised.Variety's film critic remarked on the casting, commenting on the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly", as "both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands".[57]

Kelly withWilliam Holdenat the27th Academy Awardsin 1955

Kelly played the role ofBing Crosby's long-suffering wife, Georgie Elgin, inThe Country Girl(1954), after a pregnantJennifer Jonesbowed out. Already familiar with the play, Kelly was highly interested in the part. To do it, MGM once again would have to lend Kelly to Paramount Pictures. Kelly was adamant, and threatened the studio, saying that if they did not allow her to do the film she would pack her bags and leave for New York for good. MGM eventually relented. Kelly also negotiated a more lucrative contract in light of her recent success.[58]In the film, Kelly played the wife of a washed-up, alcoholic singer, played by Crosby. Her character becomes torn emotionally between her two lovers, played by Crosby andWilliam Holden.She was again dressed by Edith Head to suit her role in the film, initially appearing in fashionable dresses, shifting to ordinary-looking cardigans toward the end of the film.[58]

As a result of her performance inThe Country Girl,Kelly won theAcademy Award for Best Actress.Her acceptance speech was brief: "The thrill of this moment keeps me from saying what I really feel. I can only say thank you with all my heart to all who made this possible for me. Thank you."[59]Her main competitor wasJudy Garlandfor her performance inA Star Is Born.After receiving the Oscar nomination, Kelly won theNew York Film Critics CircleAward for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954:Rear Window,Dial M For Murder,andThe Country Girl.At theGolden Globe Awardsin 1955, Kelly won theAward for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.The New York Timespraised her performance inThe Country Girlas "excellent", andRear Windowgot hermarqueecredits on par with, and beyond, those of Stewart and Hitchcock.[60]

In April 1954, Kelly flew toColombiafor a 10-day shoot on her next project,Green Fire,withStewart Granger.She played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. Kelly told Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village – miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked... It was awful."[46]After the consecutive filming ofRear Window,Toko-Ri,Country Girl,andGreen Fire,Kelly flew to theFrench Rivierato work on her third, and last, film for Hitchcock,To Catch a Thief.Loaned to Paramount for the fifth time, Kelly played the role of a temptress who wears "luxurious and alluring clothes", whileCary Grantplayed the role of a former cat burglar, then looking to catch a thief who is imitating him.[61]Kelly and Grant developed a mutual bond and admiration for each other. Years later, when asked to name his all-time favorite actress, Grant replied: "Well, with all due respect to dearIngrid Bergman,I much preferred Grace. She had serenity. "[62]

In 1956, Kelly resided in a home rented fromBill Learin thePacific Palisades,California for the duration of her filming.[63][64]She portrayed Princess Alexandra in the filmThe Swan,directed byCharles Vidor,oppositeAlec GuinnessandLouis Jourdan.Her final role was inCharles Walters's musical filmHigh Society,a re-make of MGM'sThe Philadelphia Story(1940). She portrayed Tracy Lord, oppositeBing Crosby,Frank Sinatra,andCeleste Holmin the other leads.[65]When it was released in July 1956.Varietystated, "Miss Kelly impresses as the femme lead with pleasantly comedienne overtones," and that it was "possibly her most relaxed performance."[66]

Marriage

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Main article:Wedding of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly

Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at theCannes Film Festivalin April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session withPrince Rainier III,the sovereign of the Principality ofMonaco,at thePrince's Palace of Monaco.After a series of delays and complications, she met him at the palace on May 6, 1955.[67] After a year-long courtship described as containing "a good deal of rational appraisal on both sides,"[68]they married on April 19, 1956.[69]

TheNapoleonic Codeof Monaco and the laws of the Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies, civil and religious.[70]The 16-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956,[70]and a reception later in the day was attended by 3,000 Monégasque citizens.[71][72]The 142 official titles that she acquired in the union (counterparts of her husband's) were formally recited. The church ceremony took place the following day at Monaco'sSaint Nicholas Cathedral,presided over by Bishop Gilles Barthe.[70]The wedding was estimated to have been watched by over 30 million viewers on television, and was described by biographerRobert Laceyin 2010 as "the first modern event to generate media overkill".[72]Her wedding dress,designed by MGM'sHelen Rose,[72]was worked on for 6 weeks by three dozen dress makers.[73]The couple left that night for their seven-weekMediterraneanhoneymoon cruise on the prince's yacht.[72][74]

Princess of Monaco

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The Prince and Princess of Monaco arrive at theWhite Housefor a luncheon, 1961

Princess Grace gave birth to the couple's first child,Princess Caroline,on January 23, 1957. Their next child and the heir to the throne,Prince Albert,was born on March 14, 1958. Their youngest,Princess Stéphanie,was born on February 1, 1965.

During her marriage, Grace discontinued her acting career. Instead, she performed her daily duties as princess and became involved in philanthropic work.[75]As princess consort, she became the President of theRed Cross of Monaco(with her sister Peggy Davis and sister-in-law Princess Antoinette as the Vice-Presidents) and the Patron of Rainbow Coalition Children, an orphanage which was run by former dancer, singer and actressJosephine Baker.She hosted an annual Christmas celebration with presents for orphaned children in Monaco.[76]The Princess also served as president of theGarden Club of Monaco,and president of the organizing committee of the International Arts Foundation.[77]Grace retained her link to America by her dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship.[78]

Grace and her husband visited Ireland on three occasions, and in 1976 she purchasedher family's ancestral homesteadin Drumilra, nearNewport, County Mayo.[79]

Grace foundedAMADE Mondiale,a Monaco-based, non-profit organization which is recognized by the UN, after she witnessed the plight of Vietnamese children in 1963.[80]According toUNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and the "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion, and in a spirit of complete political independence."[81]The organization currently has cooperative branches across Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. They retain consultive status withUNICEF,UNESCO, andU.N. Economic & Social Council,alongside participative status withThe Council of Europe.[82]

Princess Grace with her son, Prince Albert, at theFloriadegarden exhibit, 1972

Princess Grace was active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming thePrincess Grace Foundationin 1964 to support local artisans.[83]In 1965, she accepted the invitation to be an honorary member ofLa Leche League,a worldwide mother-to-mother support group which focuses on mothering through breastfeeding. She was a speaker at their 1971 conference in Chicago, addressing 1,400 mothers, 1,600 fathers and babies. Grace was a known advocate of breastfeeding, and successfully fed her three children.[84]In 1975, Grace helped found the Princess Grace Academy, the resident school of theMonte Carlo Ballet.[85]She later advocated to preserve theBelle Époque-era architecture of the principality. Grace hosted a yearly American Week in Monaco, where guests would play baseball and eat ice cream. The palace also celebrated AmericanThanksgivingannually.[86]

Alfred Hitchcock offered Princess Grace the lead in his filmMarniein 1962. She was eager, but public outcry in Monaco against her involvement in a film where she would play akleptomaniacmade her reconsider and ultimately reject the project. DirectorHerbert Rosstried to interest her in a part in his filmThe Turning Point(1977), but Rainier dismissed the idea.[87]Later that year, she returned to the arts in a series of poetry readings on stage and narration of the documentaryThe Children of Theatre Street.She also narratedABC'smade-for-television filmThe Poppy Is Also a Flower(1966).

Grace joined the board of the20th Century-Fox Film Corporationin 1976, becoming one of its first female members.[88]In 1980, she publishedMy Book of Flowerswith Gwen Robyns, detailing her sense of floral aesthetics, symbolism, and flower pressing.[89]Grace and Rainier worked together on a 33-minute independent film titledRearrangedin 1979, which received interest from ABC TV executives in 1982 after its premiere in Monaco, on the condition that it be extended to an hour. Before more scenes could be shot, Grace died and the film was never released, nor was it publicly shown again.[90][91]

In the early 1980s, Grace collaborated with Springmaid Company, the now-defunct bed linen brand.[92]The collaboration was titledGPKafter the initials of her maiden name[92]and features bed linens, tablecloths, napkins, placemats, and others.[92]Both collaborated after Neil Mandell, a newly hired Springmaid stylist, found the designs Grace made in aPeoplemagazine article on the exhibition in a Paris Gallery.[92]Princess Grace received more than $1 million in royalties, which she donated to her favorite charities.[92]

Death and funeral

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See also:Funeral of Princess Grace of Monaco
Gratia Patricia('Grace Patricia' in Latin), Princess of Monaco

On September 13, 1982, Grace suffered a mildcerebral hemorrhagewhile driving back to Monaco from her country home inRoc Agel.[93][94]As a result, she lost control of her 1972Rover P63500[95]and drove off the steep, winding road and down the 120-foot (37 m) mountainside. Her daughterStéphanie,who was in the passenger seat, unsuccessfully tried to regain control of the car.[96]

The Princess was taken to the Monaco Hospital (later named thePrincess Grace Hospital Centre) with injuries to the brain andthoraxand a fracturedfemur.Initially that afternoon, she was officially diagnosed with the cerebral hemorrhage and was said to be able to make a full recovery before a second, more severe, hemorrhage struck while at the hospital.[97]With no reasonable chance of recovery, she died the following night at 10:55 p.m. after Rainier decided to turn off her life support.[98]

Stéphanie suffered a light concussion and ahairline fracture[99]of acervical vertebra,and was unable to attend her mother's funeral.[100]

Princess Grace's funeralwas held at theCathedral of Our Lady Immaculatein Monaco-Ville,[101]on September 18, 1982. After a Requiem Mass, she was buried in the Grimaldi family vault. Over 400 people attended, includingCary Grant,Nancy Reagan,Danielle Mitterrand,Empress Farah of Iran,andDiana, Princess of Wales.[102]

Rainier, who did not remarry, was buried alongside her after his death in 2005.[103]

Legacy

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Kelly's star on theHollywood Walk of Fame

"I would like to be remembered as someone who accomplished useful deeds, and who was a kind and loving person. I would like to leave the memory of a human being with a correct attitude and who did her best to help others."

— Princess Grace[104]

Kelly left a lasting legacy as a theater artist, television actress, and iconic Hollywood film star.[105]Kelly has been cited as one of the "classic Hitchcock blondes", and as one of the most elegant women in cinematic and world history.[106][107]One author describes her as the "elegant glamour girl of the screen".[108]In 1999, Kelly was listed by Joan McIver as one of "30 Irish-American Women Who Changed Our World."[109]In a 2019 edition of theAmerican Journal of Irish Studies,she was described as "Irish America's poster girl" and "an understated Irish-American icon."[4][110]Katherine Boyle ofThe Washington Postclaimed that Kelly "had dramatic effects on views of Irish Catholic immigrants in the 1950s. Indeed, America seemed to pardon her tainted blood, tuning into her televised nuptial Mass in droves despite aversion to the religious spectacle."[111]

Kelly appeared on the cover of the January 31, 1955, issue of the weekly magazineTime.The magazine hailed her as the top movie star who brought about "a startling change from the run of smoky film sirens and bumptious cuties". She was described as the "Girl in White Gloves" because she wore "prim and noticeable white gloves", and journalists often called her the "lady" or "Miss Kelly" for this reason. In appreciation of her work with Hitchcock in three of his films, Kelly later wrote a foreword to the bookThe Art of Alfred HitchcockbyDonald Spoto.Spoto also has writtenHigh Society: The Life of Grace Kelly,a biography published 25 years after her death.[112]

In 1982, thePrincess Grace Foundation-USAwas established by her husband to continue the work she had done anonymously during her lifetime, assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York City and is a tax-exempt, non-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 800 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $15 million to date. The foundation also says it "holds the exclusive rights and facilitates the licensing of her name and likeness throughout the world."[113]Her daughter Princess Caroline took over as president for both the Foundation andAMADE Mondialeafter her death, with Prince Albert as vice president. The original Monaco branch of her foundation, named Fondation Princesse Grace, remains active and continues to provide direct aid to students and children within the Monaco and France regions.[114]

James Gill:"Grace Kelly in Sun" (2013)

In 1955, Kelly was photographed byHowell Conantin Jamaica. He photographed her without makeup in a naturalistic setting, a departure from the traditional portrayal of actresses.[115]The resulting photographs were published inCollier's,with a celebrated photo of her rising from the water with wet hair making the cover.[115][116]Following Grace's marriage, Conant was the unofficial photographer to theHouse of Grimaldiand extensively photographed her, Rainier, and their three children.[117]In 1992, Conant publishedGrace,a book of photographs that he took during her 26-year tenure as Princess of Monaco.[118]Princess Grace has been depicted by manypop artists,includingAndy WarholandJames Gill.Warhol made a portrait of her for theInstitute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphiaas a limited edition silkscreen in 1984.[119]

In 2012, Grace's childhood home was made a Pennsylvania historic landmark, and ahistorical markerwas placed on the site. The house, located at 3901 Henry Avenue in theEast Fallssection of Philadelphia, was built by her fatherJohn B. Kelly Sr.in 1929. Grace lived in the house until 1950, and Prince Rainier III proposed to her there in 1955. The Kelly family sold the property in 1974.[120][121]Prince Albert of Monacopurchased the property, speculating that the home would be used either as museum space or as offices for thePrincess Grace Foundation.[122][123]

Fashion and style

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Kelly featured in a spread forModern Screenmagazine in 1954

While pregnant with her daughter Caroline in 1956, Princess Grace was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather handbag manufactured byHermès.The purse, orSac à dépêches,was likely a shield to prevent her pregnant abdomen from being exposed to the prying eyes of the paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that it would thereafter be known as theKelly bag.[124]

Grace was inaugurated into theInternational Best Dressed ListHall of Fame in 1960 and in 1955, the Custom Tailored Guild of America listed her as the "Best-Tailored Woman".[125][126]Numerous exhibitions have been held of Kelly's life and clothing. ThePhiladelphia Museum of Artpresented her wedding dress in a 2006 exhibition to mark the 50th anniversary of her marriage,[127]and a retrospective of her wardrobe was held at London'sVictoria and Albert Museumin 2010.[128]The V&A exhibition continued in Australia at theBendigo Art Galleryin 2012.[129]This famous dress, seen around the world, took thirty five tailors six weeks to complete.[130]An exhibition of her life as Princess of Monaco was held at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow in 2008 in conjunction with Monaco's Grimaldi Forum.[131]In 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo DriveWalk of Style "in recognition of her contributions to style and fashion.[132]

After her death, Grace's legacy as a fashion icon lived on. Modern designers, such asTommy HilfigerandZac Posen,have cited her as a fashion inspiration.[24]During her lifetime, she was known for introducing the "fresh faced" look, one that involved bright skin and natural beauty with little makeup.[133]Her fashion legacy was even commemorated at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London, where an exhibit titled, "Grace Kelly: Style Icon" paid tribute to her impact on the world of fashion.[24]The exhibit included 50 of her legendary ensembles.[130]She is remembered for her "college-girl" everyday fashion, defined by her pulled-together yet simple look.[130]In 2016,Forbesincluded her on the list10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous.[134]

The look and style of TV seriesMad Men's Betty Draper is influenced by Grace Kelly, and she is frequently complimented in the show by other characters for resembling her.[135]American actressElle Fanningattended78th Golden Globe Awardswith mint-greenGuccigown designed byAlessandro Michelethat was inspired by Grace Kelly's gown worn at the27th Academy Awards.[136]According toVogue,American singer-songwriterBillie Eilish,who attended 2021Met Gala,wore a redOscar de la Rentagown inspired by Kelly's gown worn in the 1955 filmTo Catch a Thief.[137]The gown was designed by Fernando Garcia and Laura Kim.[138]

On July 15, 2021, the Princess Grace Foundation-USA launchedGrace de Monaco,a luxury brand.[139]The brand had been planned since 2019.[139]On the same day,Grace de Monacolaunched their first fragrance namedPromenade sur le Rocher.[139]The product was named after the official residence of the princely family for over seven centuries.[139]

Monaco and elsewhere

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Rosa 'Princesse de Monaco'

Arose garden in Monaco's Fontvieille districtis dedicated to the memory of Kelly. It was opened in 1984 by Rainier.[140]Ahybrid tea rose,named Rosa 'Princesse de Monaco', was named after her.[141]She is commemorated in a statue byKees Verkadein the garden, which features 4,000 roses.[142]Prince Rainier also established thePrincess Grace Irish Libraryin her memory, containing her personal collection of over 9,000 books and sheet music.[86]Avenue Princesse Gracein Monaco, "the most expensive street in the world", is named for her, as is Boulevard Princesse Grâce de Monaco inNice,France.[143][144]

In 2007, Monaco hosted an international-scale exhibition in honor of Princess Grace, named "The Grace Kelly Years, Princess of Monaco", containing letters, personal belongings, fashion accessories, and sound recordings on display.[145]Les Ballets de Monte-Carlowas established in 1985, in accordance to the wishes of Princess Grace, with its first performance taking place on December 21. In 1993, Kelly appeared on a U.S. postage stamp, released in conjunction with a Monaco postage stamp featuring her image on the same day.[146]To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Kelly's death,€2 commemorative coinswere issued on July 1, 2007, with the "national" side bearing the image of her. In 2019, the government of Monaco released three designs of commemorative postage stamps, each depicting a different phase of her life, to mark the 90th anniversary of her birth.[147]

In 2003, theHenley Royal Regattarenamed the Women's Quadruple Sculls the "Princess Grace Challenge Cup".The Henley Stewards invited her to present the prizes at the 1981 regatta, expiating the ill will from her father's falling foul of its amateurism rules in 1920. Prince Albert presented the prizes at the 2004 regatta.[148]Various hotels, includingHotel Bel-Air,theRitz-Carlton Hotel de la Paix,theInterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel,and theShelbourne Hotelestablished suites inspired by her life and likeness.[149]A yacht in Monaco,M/Y Grace,was named after her.[150]

Cheryl Laddportrayed Kelly in themade-for-TV filmGrace Kellyin 1983. The film received mixed reviews.[151]Nicole Kidmanportrayed Kelly inGrace of Monaco(2014), directed byOlivier Dahan.Reaction to the film was largely negative; many people, including the princely family of Monaco, felt it was overly dramatic, had historical errors, and lacked depth.[152][153]

In November 2022, the Monnaie de Paris (Paris Mint) issued silver and gold coins to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Grace Kelly's death, with the consent of Prince Albert II.[154]

Works

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Filmography

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Main article:Grace Kelly on screen and stage

Discography

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  • "True Love",a duet with Bing Crosby fromHigh Society(1956)
  • L'Oiseau du Nord et L'Oiseau du Soleil,in French and in English (1978)
  • Birds, Beasts & Flowers: A Programme of Poetry, Prose and Music(1980)

Awards and nominations

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Kelly andJames Stewartin a publicity picture forRear Window(1954)
Year Awards Category Project Award
1950 Theatre World Award — The Father Won
1953 Academy Award Best Supporting Actress Mogambo Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Supporting Actress Won
1954 Academy Award Best Actress The Country Girl
Golden Globe Award Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
National Board of Review Best Actress
New York Film Critics Circle Best Actress
British Academy Film Awards Best Actress Nominated
1954 National Board of Review Best Actress Rear Window Won
New York Film Critics Circle Best Actress
1954 National Board of Review Best Actress Dial M for Murder
New York Film Critics Circle Best Actress
British Academy Film Awards Best Actress Nominated
Bambi Award Best International Actress
1956 Golden Globe Awards World Favorite Film Female — Won[155]

Other honors

Titles, styles, and honors

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Upon her marriage toPrince Rainier IIIin 1956, as the consort of the reigning sovereign prince of Monaco, she was styled "Her Serene HighnessPrincess Grace of Monaco ". She also bore all historical titles of her husband, in the feminine.[156][157]

National honors

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Foreign honors

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Arms and emblems

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Coat of arms of Grace
as Princess of Monaco
Royal monogram of Princess Grace

References

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Notes

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Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toGrace Kelly.
Wikiquote has quotations related toGrace Kelly.
Monegasque royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Ghislaine Dommanget 		Princess consort of Monaco
1956–1982 		Vacant
Title next held by
Charlene Wittstock
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