Leendert Hasenbosch

Leendert Hasenbosch,(c. 1695– probably end of 1724) was a Dutch employee of theDutch East India Company(Dutch:Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie,commonly abbreviated to VOC) who wasmaroonedon (at the time uninhabited)Ascension Islandin the South Atlantic Ocean, as apunishment for sodomy.He wrote adiaryuntil his presumed death.

Port View With Two Flute Ships,copper engraving byReinier Nooms,late 17th century.

Early life

Leendert Hasenbosch was likely born inThe Hague,Holland in 1695.Around the year 1709 his father, awidower,moved himself and his three daughters toBataviain theDutch East Indies(modernIndonesia) while Leendert stayed in Holland. On 17 January 1714,Hasenbosch became a soldier of the VOC and boarded theflute-shipKorsslootinEnkhuizenbound forBataviawhere he served for about a year.From 1715 to 1720 he served inKochi,India,a Dutch possession at the time. In 1720 he returned toBataviaand was promoted tocorporal.He later became a military writer, responsible for small-scalebookkeeping.In 1724, he took a position aboard a VOC ship as the ship's bookkeeper.

On 5 May 1724, Hasenbosch was set ashore onAscension Islandas punishment forsodomy.

Castaway life

During his time as a castaway, Hasenbosch kept adiary.He began with a tent, a month's worth of water, some seeds, instruments, prayer books, clothing, and writing materials. He searched the barren island for water. Although he found water various times, it was never in consistent supply and during a prolonged period of drought, he began drinking the blood ofgreen turtlesandseabirds,as well as his own urine, water found inside the bodies of dead turtles, and even the urine inside the bladders of those turtles. He likely died of thirst after about six months.

A similar punishment was meted out two years later to two boys from theDutch East India Companyship theZeewijk,shipwrecked off the west coast of Australia. Found guilty of sodomy, the boys were marooned on separate islands of the Mangrove Group ofHoutman Abrolhos,and left to die.

Ascension Islanddoes have two sources of fresh water: a strong water spring in the high interior of the island (in what is now called Breakneck Valley), and a much smaller water source namedDampier's Drip. One of these two water sources allowed some sixty men fromHMSRoebuckto survive a shipwreck on Ascension for two months starting in February 1701.

The legend

In January 1725, British sailors from the shipJames and Marydiscovered the castaway's tent and belongings, including the diary in Dutch. The British concluded that a Dutchman had been set ashore as a punishment for sodomy. They did not find a skeleton but they believed that the man had died of thirst. The diary was taken back to Britain.

In 1726, the translated diary was first published under the titleSodomy Punish'd.In 1728 another version, entitledAn Authentick Relation,was published. The version of 1726 mentions the name of the castaway, misspelled as "Leondert Hussenlosch" but the version of 1728 states that the man's name is unknown. The qualities of both translations are uncertain since the original diary has been lost. Apart from entries about desperate searches for water and firewood, a few entries mention the man's act of sodomy. A few entries can be interpreted as reflections of a guilty conscience, including the apparitions of demons and former friends and acquaintances. In 1730 another version was published under the titleThe Just Vengeance of Heaven Exemplify'd.This version contains many extra anti-sodomy passages as well as many extra demons harassing the castaway. The publisher also wrote that the castaway's skeleton would have been found alongside the diary – which never happened.

Title page of 'Sodomy punish'd:Being a true and exact relation of what befel to one Leondert Hussenlosch, a Dutch man, who by command of the Dutch fleet, was put on shore on the desolate island of Ascention.' John Loveday, London 1726.

In 1976, American author Peter Agnos publishedThe Queer Dutchman,a fictionalised account based on the version of 1730. Many authors about sodomy,Ascension Island,orcastawaystories read either the version of 1730 or the version of 1976 and decided to include parts in their own publications, not realising they were quoting from a fake story.

As late as 1988, recountings of the stories of castaways in English still claimed his name was unknown.

In 2002, a Dutch bookEen Hollandse Robinson Crusoë(English: "A Dutch Robinson Crusoe" ) was published, written by the Dutch historian Michiel Koolbergen (1953–2002) after he had done many years of research in Dutch and British archives; Koolbergen died before the book's publication. Koolbergen had identified the castaway as 'Leendert Hasenbosch' by his work in archives; Koolbergen was aware of all English versions of the diary except that of 1726. Koolbergen's book also contained the relevant texts in the logs of the two British ships whose crews had found the diary in January 1726.

In 2006, the full story was – with the support of Koolbergen's family and publisher – published by Alex Ritsema, with the bookA Dutch Castaway on Ascension Island in 1725;a second, revised edition was printed in 2010.

See also

• Utrecht sodomy trials
• Zeewijkshipwreck

References

General

• Michiel Koolbergen,Een Hollandse Robinson Crusoë,ISBN90-74622-23-2,2002
• Alex Ritsema,A Dutch Castaway on Ascension Island in 1725ISBN978-1-4461-8986-3,2010