North Beachis a neighborhood in the northeast ofSan Franciscoadjacent toChinatown,theFinancial District,andRussian Hill.The neighborhood is San Francisco's "Little Italy"and has historically been home to a large Italian American population, largely from Northern Italy.[5]It still has many Italian restaurants and a sizeable Italian community, though many other ethnic groups currently live in the neighborhood. It was also the historic center of thebeatniksubcultureand has become one of San Francisco's mainnightlifedistricts as well as a residential neighborhood populated by a mix of young urban professionals, families, and Chinese immigrants.
North Beach | |
|---|---|
 Saints Peter and Paul Church in North Beach. | |
  North Beach Location within Central San Francisco | |
| Coordinates:37°48′1.04″N122°24′36.66″W/ 37.8002889°N 122.4101833°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  California |
| City and county | San Francisco |
| Government | |
| •Supervisor | Aaron Peskin |
| •Assemblymember | Matt Haney(D)[1] |
| •State Senator | Scott Wiener(D)[1] |
| •U. S. Rep. | Nancy Pelosi(D)[2] |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.492 sq mi (1.27 km2) |
| Elevation | 16 ft (5 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 18,915 |
| • Density | 38,000/sq mi (15,000/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8(Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7(PDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 94111, 94133 |
| Area codes | 415/628 |
| GNISfeature ID | 1659245 |
TheAmerican Planning Association (APA)has named North Beach as one of ten "Great Neighborhoods in America".[6]
Location
editNorth Beach is bounded by the formerBarbary Coast,now Jackson Square, theFinancial Districtsouth ofBroadway,Chinatownto the southwest of Columbus below Green Street,Russian Hillto the west,Telegraph Hillto the east andFisherman's WharfatBay Streetto the north.
Main intersections are Union and Columbus, the southwest corner ofWashington Square,Grant Avenue,and Vallejo Street.
The neighborhood consists of modern, mid-century apartments,duplexes,andVictorianhomes and multiplexes.
History
edit
Originally, the city's northeast shoreline extended only to what is today Taylor and Francisco streets. The area largely known today as North Beachwasan actual beach, filled in withland fillaround the late 19th century. Warehouses, fishing wharves, and docks were then built on the newly formed shoreline. Due to the proximity of the docks, the southern half of the neighborhood south of Broadway was home of the infamous Barbary Coast.[7]
In 1890, Elizabeth Ashe and Alice Griffith founded what would become the Telegraph Hill Neighborhood Center to help fight illness, illiteracy and poor conditions in North Beach and lobbied hard for better recreation opportunities for neighborhood children. In 1907, the city formed its first playground commission with the idea of carving out space for recreation areas specifically for kids. The first playground commission picked two sites, including the North Beach Playground. The plan included an outdoor swimming pool, which was financed by diverting funds from a fire department cistern planned for Powell and Lombard, perhaps the first publicly financed public pool in the city. In 1910, the North Beach playground and pool was constructed. The three youngest of the nine DiMaggio kids,Vince,JoeandDom,grew up playing baseball there in the 1920s and became professional baseball players.[8]
After the1906 earthquakereconstruction, a large number of Italian immigrants created the Italian character of the neighborhood that still exists. Prominent Italian Americans that came from the neighborhood include baseball legendJoe DiMaggiowho grew up in the neighborhood[9]and briefly returned to live there with his wifeMarilyn Monroeduring the 1950s, as well as former San Francisco mayor and politicianJoseph Aliotoplus others from the prominent Alioto family.
North Beach was home to the first lesbian bar in San Francisco,Mona's 440 Club.Mona Sargeant and her husband Jimmie opened Mona's in 1936 in a North Beach basement as a small underground bar celebrating the end ofProhibition.Once Mona's gained enough popularity between the gay community and tourists, the club moved to a much larger location at 440 Broadway Street. The club remained Mona's 440 until the mid-1950s.
During the 1950s, many of the neighborhood's cafes and bars became the home and epicenter of theBeat Generation[9]and gave rise to theSan Francisco Renaissance.The term "beatnik"originated from the scene here and was coined in a derogatory fashion by famedSan Francisco ChroniclecolumnistHerb Caen.Many of that generation's most famous writers and personalities such asJack Kerouac,Allen Ginsberg,Gregory Corso,Neal Cassadylived in the neighborhood. Another poet from this generation,Lawrence Ferlinghetti,founded theCity Lights Bookstorethat still exists today on the corner of Broadway and Columbus as an official historic landmark and serves as one of the main focal points of this generation.
During the 1960s a notable night spot wasThe Committee,animprovisational theatergroup founded by alumni ofThe Second Cityin Chicago. The Committee opened April 10, 1963, at 622 Broadway in a 300-seatcabarettheater.
The Broadway area also created innovations for the strip club industry. The Condor Club, on the corner of Columbus and Broadway, was opened in 1964 as America's first topless bar, which it is again today. TheLusty Ladywas the first striptease club to be structured as aworker cooperative,which meant that it was managed by the dancers who worked at thatpeep-showestablishment. Broadway strip clubs owe their legacy to the Barbary Coast, which was located just one block south on Pacific Street during the late 19th century.[citation needed]
In the 1970s and 1980s Broadway was the location of many live music clubs, like the Stone, and apunk rockclub calledMabuhay Gardens.[10]
AfterWorld War II,and accelerated during theKorean War,the Italian American population has been moving out of the Little Italy sections of North Beach, Telegraph Hill, and Fisherman's Wharf due to suburbanization.[11]Since the 1980s, and much likeManhattan's Little Italy,due to a decrease in emigration from Italy andgentrification,the neighborhood has seen its native Italian American population rapidly shrink.[12]The neighborhood has since seen neighboringChinatownexpanding north into the neighborhood south of Broadway and alongStockton Street,causing a major demographic shift to a mix of mostlyChineseandyoung professionalpopulation, with few Italian Americans remaining.[9]
In 2000 after some negotiations,[13]the heirs ofJoe DiMaggio's estate, two granddaughters and their four children, welcomed the renaming of North Beach playground as the Joe DiMaggio North Beach Playground.[14]In 2015, the first renovation of the playground in more than 50 years was completed.[15]
Paul Kantnerof the Jefferson Airplane was living in North Beach in an apartment unit above Al's Attire at the corner of Grant Avenue and Vallejo Street at the time of his death in 2016, and was often a patron of nearbyCaffe Trieste.[16]
Attractions and characteristics
editEvents
edit
- The North Beach Festivalstreet fairon Grant Avenue and Columbus Avenue usually held onFather's Dayweekend in June is one of the city's largest. It is also considered one of the nation's oldest street fairs.
- The Italian Heritage Parade, formerly known as the Columbus Day Parade, is the United States' longest continuously run Italian heritage celebration.[17][18]The route goes fromFisherman's Wharf, San Francisco,along Columbus Avenue, toWashington Square,in front ofSaints Peter and Paul Church, San Francisco.[19]The event celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2018.[18]
Population
edit
The neighborhood still retains an Italian character with manyItalian restaurants,cafes,and bakeries that line Columbus Avenue and Washington Square.[20]
Religious institutions and sites
edit- The National Shrine of SaintFrancis of Assisi,the city's namesake, is located on Vallejo Street.[21]
- Known as "The Italian Cathedral of the West",Saints Peter and Paul Churchis located on the north side of Filbert Street in front of Washington Square.Joe DiMaggiomarried his first wife there, and came for photos after his marriage toMarilyn Monroe.Saints Peter and Paul is considered a San Francisco landmark and an emblematic tie to the neighborhood's Italian American past.[22]
Secular institutions and sites
edit- An alleyway between Columbus and Grant Avenues is named for Beat Generation writerJack Kerouac,who once lived there and frequented the famous City Lights Bookstore on the corner of Columbus and Broadway as well as the numerous nearby bars and coffee shops.[23]
- Broadway east of Columbus Avenue still serves as one of the city's main nightclub districts and offers restaurants, blues clubs, strip clubs, nightclubs, and jazz clubs.[24]
Education
editIt is in theSan Francisco Unified School District(SFUSD) and is within the John Yehall Chin Elementary School ( dư hà tiểu học ) attendance area.[25]Chin has a Cantonese language program.[26]
TheAcademy of Art Universityhas at least one building in the area, across the street fromPier 39.[27]
Prior to its 2022 closure, theSan Francisco Art Institutewas located in the northern end of North Beach, onRussian Hill.
Notable residents
edit
- Frankie Crosetti(1910–2002), Major League Baseball shortstop
- Joe DiMaggio(1914–1999), Hall of Fame Major League Baseball center fielder
- Lawrence Ferlinghetti(1919–2021), poet and painter
- Allen Ginsberg(1926–1997), poet and writer[28]
- Jack Hirschman(1933–2021), poet and social activist
- Gabe Kapler(born 1975), Major League Baseball outfielder, former manager of theSan Francisco Giants,and 2021 NL Manager of the Year[29]
- Bob Kaufman(1925–1986), Beat poet and surrealist, jazz performance artist, and satirist
- B. Kliban(1935–1990), cartoonist
- Peter Macchiarini(1909–2001), Modernist jeweler and sculptor
- Marino Pieretti(1920–1981), MLB baseball player
- A. D. Winans(born 1936), poet, essayist, short story writer, and publisher
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ab"Statewide Database".UC Regents. Archived fromthe originalon February 1, 2015.RetrievedDecember 8,2014.
- ^"California's 11th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map".Civic Impulse, LLC.
- ^ab"North Beach (NoBe) neighborhood in San Francisco, California (CA), 94111, 94133 detailed profile".City-data.RetrievedMarch 27,2015.
- ^"North Beach".Geographic Names Information System.United States Geological Survey,United States Department of the Interior.RetrievedJanuary 5,2015.
- ^Gloria, Maria (June 25, 2014)."Discovering the Italian Roots in Northern California".Archived fromthe originalon September 6, 2018.
- ^"North Beach: Authentic Character Is Intact 150 Years Later".American Planning Association.October 2, 2007.RetrievedOctober 16,2007.
- ^Estavan, Lawrence (January 1, 1991).The Italian Theatre in San Francisco.Wildside Press LLC.ISBN9780893704643.RetrievedNovember 20,2016– via Google Books.
- ^"History DiMaggio Playground: Your North Beach Neighborhood Park and Playground".dimaggioplayground.org.Friends of Joe DiMaggio Playground.RetrievedJanuary 22,2022.
- ^abcDonati, Silvia (September 28, 2018)."Where to Find Italy in America: San Francisco's North Beach".ITALY Magazine.RetrievedOctober 6,2020.
- ^Sharon M. Hannon,Punks: A Guide to an American Subculture(Santa Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO, 2010), 31.ISBN0313364567
- ^"Italian Americans in California: Introduction".bancroft.berkeley.edu.RetrievedOctober 6,2020.
- ^Richard S. Grayson and Fearghal McGarry,Remembering 1916(Cambridge UP, 2016), 150.ISBN1107145902
- ^"DIMAGGIO, LLC. v. City & County of San Francisco, 187 F. Supp. 2d 1359 (S.D. Fla. 2000)".law.justia.June 29, 2000.RetrievedJanuary 22,2022.
- ^Glionna, John (October 11, 2000)."San Francisco Park Will Be Named for DiMaggio After All".latimes.Los Angeles Times.RetrievedJanuary 22,2022.
- ^Geri Koeppel (November 2015)."[New] Joe DiMaggio Playground To Celebrate Opening Nov. 14th".RetrievedJanuary 22,2022.
The highly-anticipated opening of the new Joe DiMaggio Playground (651 Lombard St.) is coming up...
- ^"RIP: Paul Kantner, Jefferson Airplane Co-Founder & North Beach Regular | Hoodline".hoodline.RetrievedFebruary 15,2016.
- ^"History – The San Francisco Italian Heritage Parade".sfitalianheritage.org.RetrievedMay 10,2020.
- ^abGraham, Jefferson (October 5, 2018)."Celebrate 150 years of North Beach in San Francisco".USA TODAY.RetrievedMay 10,2020.
- ^"Parade – The San Francisco Italian Heritage Parade".sfitalianheritage.org.RetrievedMay 10,2020.
- ^Graham, Jefferson (June 7, 2022)."10 amazing Italian Restaurants in San Francisco's North Beach".Photowalks.TV.RetrievedNovember 4,2022.
- ^"National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi | Home".shrinesf.org.RetrievedFebruary 25,2019.
- ^F, Valerie (February 24, 2015)."Ss. Peter and Paul Church" The Italian Cathedral of the West "– San Francisco, CA".RetrievedFebruary 25,2019.
- ^"The Arts Adventurer | Jack Kerouac in San Francisco | City Lights Bookstore and The Beats".artsology.RetrievedFebruary 25,2019.
- ^"The Best Streets for Bar Hopping in San Francisco".San Francisco Travel.RetrievedFebruary 25,2019.
- ^"Final Recommendations for Elementary Attendance Areas Prepared for September 28, 2010 Board Meeting."San Francisco Unified School District.Retrieved on April 18, 2018.
- ^"John Yehall Chin Elementary School."San Francisco Unified School District.Retrieved on April 18, 2018.
- ^"Academy of Art University Campus Map"(PDF).academyart.edu.Academy of Art University.Archived(PDF)from the original on August 1, 2014.RetrievedNovember 23,2016.
- ^"Allen Ginsberg's" Howl "goes online".Stanford Libraries.
- ^"Murph: The Curious Case of Gabe Kapler".KBBR.
External links
edit
- North Beach Yahoo Maps
- North Beach Neighbors a San Francisco Neighborhood Organization
- "Surrounded by Sound: Aurally Exploring the Barbary Coast"aten fuegomagazine
- Historic North Beach and Telegraph Hill photographs by photographer JB Monaco
- Dave Archer(2002)."Janis Joplin".DaveArcher.Archived fromthe originalon June 20, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 13,2013.
- Dave Archer(2002)."The Fox and the Hound and the Coffee and Confusion".DaveArcher.Archived fromthe originalon September 22, 2012.RetrievedJanuary 13,2013.