Robert Bushnell Ryan(November 11, 1909 – July 11, 1973) was an American actor and activist. Known for his portrayals of hardened cops and ruthless villains, Ryan performed for over three decades. He was nominated for theAcademy Award for Best Supporting Actorfor his role in thefilm noirdramaCrossfire(1947).
Robert Ryan | |
|---|---|
 Ryan inThe Naked Spur(1953) | |
| Born | Robert Bushnell Ryan November 11, 1909 Chicago,Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | July 11, 1973(aged 63) New York City, U.S. |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 1940–1973 |
| Spouse |
Jessica Cadwalader
(m.1939; died 1972) |
| Children | 3 |
Early life
editRyan was born in Chicago, the first child of Mabel Arbutus (née Bushnell), a secretary, and Timothy Aloysius Ryan, who was from a wealthy family who owned a real estate firm.[1]He was of Irish (his paternal grandparents were fromThurles) and English descent. Ryan was raisedCatholic[2]and educated atLoyola Academy.[3]
He graduated fromDartmouth Collegein 1932, where he held the school'sheavyweight bo xingtitle for all four years of his attendance, along withletteringinfootballandtrack.[4]After graduation, Ryan found employment as a stoker on a ship that traveled to Africa, aWPAworker, a ranch hand in Montana, and other odd jobs.[5]
He returned home in 1936 when his father died, and after a brief stint modeling clothes for a department store, he decided to become an actor.[5][6][7]
Career
editEarly appearances
editIn 1937 Ryan joined a little theater group in Chicago. The following year he enrolled in theMax ReinhardtWorkshop in Hollywood.[8]His role in the 1939 playToo Many Husbandsbrought an offer from Paramount. Although he had done a screen test for them in 1938 and been turned down as "not the right type", the studio offered him a $75 a week contract.[9]
Paramount
editIn November 1939, Paramount signed Ryan to a six-month contract and announced he would play the lead inGolden Gloves(1940),citing his bo xing experience at Dartmouth.[10]However, after a screen test withGlovesdirectorEdward Dmytryk,the lead went toRichard Denningand Ryan was cast in a minor, but important role as a bo xing "ringer".[11]He had his first credited role, while making a lasting association with the director in which they would make several films together.
In the same year, Ryan had small parts inThe Ghost Breakers(1940) andQueen of the Mob(1940) as well as small roles inNorth West Mounted Police(1941) andTexas Rangers Ride Again(1941). Then Paramount dropped him.[8]
He went to Broadway, where he was cast in a production ofClifford Odets'Clash by Night(1941–42), directed byLee Strasbergand produced byBilly RosestarringTallulah BankheadandLee J. Cobb.It had a run of 49 performances, but was high-profile and led to him being signed to a long-term contract by RKO.[12]
RKO
editRyan appeared inBombardier(1943), starringPat O'Brien,and was fourth-billed in the Fred Astaire musicalThe Sky's the Limit(1943), playing a friend of Astaire. Both films were popular.[13]
He was fourth-billed inBehind the Rising Sun(1943), directed by Dmytryk, which was a huge box-office success then third-billed inThe Iron Major(1943), with O'Brien, andGangway for Tomorrow(1943).[14]
RKO promoted him to star status inTender Comrade(1943), where he wasGinger Rogers' leading man, directed for the third time by Dmytryk. It was a big hit. Also popular wasMarine Raiders(1944), in which Ryan co-starred again alongside O'Brien.
World War II
editRyan enlisted in theUnited States Marine Corpsand served as adrill instructorfrom January 1944 to November 1945 atCamp Pendleton,inSouthern California.[8]There he befriended a fellow Marine, the writer and future film directorRichard Brooks.He also took up painting.
Return to acting
editWhen Ryan was discharged from the Marine Corps, he returned to RKO. They immediately cast Ryan in theRandolph Scottwestern,Trail Street(1947), which was very popular. However, his next film made with Joan Bennett,The Woman on the Beach(1947) directed byJean Renoir,lost money.[14][15]
Ryan's breakthrough role was as ananti-Semitickiller in the Dmytryk-directed film noirCrossfire(1947), co-starring Robert Young,Robert Mitchum,andGloria Grahame.The film was based on Richard Brooks's novelThe Brick Foxhole,which reflected the tensions of barracks life during the war—something familiar to both Brooks and Ryan from their Pendleton experience.Crossfirewas highly successful at the box office[16]and received several Academy Award nominations including aBest Supporting Actorfor Ryan's performance.
Ryan co-starred withMerle OberoninBerlin Express(1948) for directorJacques Tourneur;it was the first movie made in Germany after the end of the second world war. He was reunited with Scott inReturn of the Bad Men(1948), and with O'Brien inThe Boy with Green Hair(1948). The latter film was directed byJoseph Loseyand produced byDore Schary,who was head of production at RKO.[17]
MGM borrowed him to makeAct of Violence(1948) forFred Zinnemann.He stayed at that studio to makeCaught(1949) forMax Ophulswith James Mason.
Back at RKO, Ryan had one of his best roles inThe Set-Up(1949), directed byRobert Wise,as an over-the-hill boxer who is brutally punished for refusing to take a dive.The Set-Upwas a favorite of Ryan's.[18]He was top billed inThe Woman on Pier 13(1949), an anti-communist melodrama directed byRobert Stevenson,that was made at the prompting of RKO's new owner,Howard Hughes.
Ryan next appeared in several film noirs:The Secret Fury(1950) withClaudette Colbertdirected byMel Ferrer,andBorn to Be Bad(1950) directed byNicholas Ray.[19]In 1950, the studio boughtThe Miami Storyas a vehicle for him.[20]
He then made the WesternBest of the Badmen(1951), and costarred withJohn WayneinFlying Leathernecks(1951), a World War II film directed by Ray. It was announced he was working on an original film story calledThe Alpine Slideabout avalanches, but no film resulted.[21]
In 1951, Ryan was reunited withCrossfirecostarRobert MitchuminThe Racket,directed byJohn Cromwell;that same year, Ray again directed him in a film noir,On Dangerous Ground,withIda Lupino.Ryan then made the film adaptation ofClash by Night(1952) withBarbara StanwyckandMarilyn MonroeunderFritz Lang's direction. According to film criticDavid Thomson,"at RKO Ryan created the character of a modern neurotic such as the American screen had not dreamed of before."[22]
His last film at RKO for a number of years wasBeware, My Lovely(1952) with Lupino, made for her production company.
Post-RKO
edit
Ryan went to MGM where he played a villain inAnthony Mann's westernThe Naked Spur(1953), starring James Stewart. The picture was very popular.
He appeared inCity Beneath the Sea(1953) forBudd Boetticherat Universal,Inferno(1953) at Fox, andAlaska Seas(1954) at Paramount.
He was the leading man forShirley BoothinAbout Mrs. Leslie(1954) andGreer GarsoninHer Twelve Men(1954). The latter was made at MGM, now being run byDore Schary,RKO's previous studio head, who cast Ryan as the head villain inBad Day at Black Rock(1954).
He appeared in an off-Broadway production ofCoriolanus(1954) directed byJohn Houseman.
Ryan returned to RKO forEscape to Burma(1955) with Stanwyck. More widely seen wasSam Fuller'sHouse of Bamboo(1955) andRaoul Walsh'sThe Tall Men(1955), both at Fox. By now his fee was reported as $150,000 per film.[23]
He starred inThe Proud Ones(1956) at Fox,Back from Eternity(1956) at RKO, directed by John Farrow.[24]He appeared inMen in War(1957) for Anthony Mann, made at Mann's company Security Pictures.
Television
editRyan made his television debut in 1955 asAbraham Lincolnin theScreen Director's Playhouseadaptation ofChristopher Morley's story "Lincoln's Doctor's Dog." As he explained to reporters, despite financial considerations, Ryan preferred to steer clear of any commitment to a TV series:
The only money in TV is in the series, and I want to stay out of those. Sure, I might make a million or so in a series, but I'd wind up being 'Sidewinder Sam' for the rest of my life.[25]
Ryan remained true to these convictions, appearing in many television series, but always as a guest star. He was inScreen Directors Playhouse,Mr. Adams and Eve,Goodyear Theatre,Alcoa Theatre,Playhouse 90(playingThe Great Gatsby), andZane Grey Theater.
He continued to star in features, however, includingGod's Little Acre(1958) for Mann and Security Pictures,Lonelyhearts(1959) written and produced by Schary,Day of the Outlaw(1959) for Security Pictures, andOdds Against Tomorrow(1959) for Wise.
1960s
editIn the summer of 1960 Ryan starred oppositeKatharine Hepburnat theAmerican Shakespeare Theatrein Stratford, Connecticut, playing Antony to Hepburn's Cleopatra.
Ryan remained in high demand throughout the 1960s: he appeared inIce Palace(1960) with Richard Burton; a TV version ofThe Snows of Kilimanjarodirected byJohn Frankenheimer;The Canadians(1961) forBurt Kennedy;playedJohn the BaptistinMGM's Technicolor epicKing of Kings(1961) for Nicholas Ray; was the villainous Claggart inPeter Ustinov's adaptation ofBilly Budd(1962) for which he was nominated for a BAFTA.[26]
He also appeared in the all-star war filmThe Longest Day(1962), playingJames M. Gavin.
Ryan returned to Broadway in the musicalMr. President(1962–63) byLindsay and Crousewith music byIrving Berlinand directed byJoshua Logan;it ran for 263 performances.[27]
Ryan continued to appear in TV shows such asKraft Suspense Theatre,Breaking Point,The Eleventh Hour,Wagon Train,The ReporterandBob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre.Ryan's only partial concession to featuring in an entire television series was his role as Narrator in CBS's 26-episode acclaimed documentary homage toWorld War One,released in prime-time during the 1964–65 season.
Ryan was considered for a role inGene Roddenberry'sStar Trek.Norman Spinradhad written the script of the 1967 episode "The Doomsday Machine"with Ryan in mind to play Commodore Matt Decker, but Ryan had prior commitments.[28]That role went toWilliam Windom.
Europe
editRyan could be seen inThe Crooked Road(1965) andThe Secret Agents(1965), then the all-starBattle of the Bulge(1965) for Phil Yordan andThe Professionals(1966) for Brooks.
Ryan supportedSid CaesarinThe Busy Body(1967) and had a key supporting part inThe Dirty Dozen(1967) forRobert AldrichandHour of the Gun(1967), playingIke ClantonforJohn Sturges.
Ryan played Othello (1967) in a regional production at Nottingham, England.[29]
Ryan went to Europe forA Minute to Pray, A Second to Die(1968) andAnzio(1969) for Dmytryk. Ryan had the lead inCaptain Nemo and the Underwater City(1969).
Along withWilliam HoldenandErnest Borgnine,Ryan was goaded bySam Peckinpahduring the making ofThe Wild Bunch(1969). After production inMexicomoved fromParrastoTorreón,his request to take a few days off to campaign forEugene McCarthyduring the1968 Democratic Party presidential primarieswas denied by Peckinpah. In his biographyGolden Boy: The Untold Story of William Holden,Bob Thomaswrote, "For ten days, Ryan reported to the set in makeup and costume. He never played a scene. Finally he grabbed Peckinpah by the shirtfront and growled, 'I'll do anything you ask me to do in front of the camera, because I'm a professional. But you open your mouth to me off the set, and I'll knock your teeth in.'"[30]
Ryan returned to the stage in a revival ofThe Front Page.It was one of the earlier productions developed by the Plumstead Playhouse (later the Plumstead Theatre Company), a Long Island-based repertory company founded by Ryan,Martha ScottandHenry Fonda;[31]the following winter, a film of the production (produced jointly byMPCand Plumstead) was broadcast nationally over the upstartHughes TV Network.[32][33][6]
In 1970 Ryan, a heavy smoker, discovered he had inoperable cancer of the lymph glands. He decided to keep working, and said, "I've had a good shot at life."[34]
Final films
editRyan supportedBurt LancasterinLawman(1971) andJohn Phillip LawinThe Love Machine(1971). He appeared inAnd Hope to Die(1971) withJean-Louis TrintignantforRené Clément.
In April 1971, Ryan returned to the stage to playJames TyroneinArvin Brown's critically acclaimedOff-Broadwayproduction ofLong Day's Journey into Night.[35]
He originally refused the lead inLolly-Madonna XXX(1973) withRod Steigerbecause he wanted to take his wife to Europe, but she died of cancer in May 1972, and he ended up playing the part.[34][8]"Something very big is missing and I don't know what to put in its place," he said.[34]
Ryan's final roles included:The Man Without a Country(1973), a TV movie forDelbert Mann;The Outfit(1973) withRobert Duvall;Executive Action(1973) with Lancaster, from a script by Dalton Trumbo; and a version ofThe Iceman Cometh(1973) withLee Marvinand director Frankenheimer. Ryan, who died before the latter's premiere, won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor,[36]the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor (in a tie withAl Pacino,forSerpico),[37]and a special award from theNational Society of Film Critics.[38]The Iceman ComethandExecutive Actionboth were released in November 1973, after Ryan's death.
Ryan had signed to appear in a stagemusical version ofShenandoahwhen he died.[8]
Politics
editThough Ryan served in the military, he came to share thepacifistviews of his wife Jessica, who was aQuaker.
In the late 1940s, as theHouse Committee on Un-American Activities(HUAC) intensified its anti-Communist attacks on Hollywood, he joined the short-livedCommittee for the First Amendment.Throughout the 1950s, he donated money and services to civic and religious organizations such as theAmerican Civil Liberties Union,American Friends Service Committee,andUnited World Federalists.In September 1959, he andSteve Allenbecame founding co-chairs ofThe Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy's Hollywood chapter.[39]
By the mid-1960s, Ryan's political activities included efforts to fight racial discrimination. He served in the cultural division of the Committee to DefendMartin Luther King Jr.,and helped organize the short-lived Artists Help All Blacks, withBill Cosby,Robert Culp,Sidney Poitier,and several other actors.[40]
Ryan often spoke about the dichotomy of his personal beliefs and his acting roles. At a screening ofOdds Against Tomorrow,he appeared before the press to discuss "the problems of an actor like me playing the kind of character that in real life he finds totally despicable."[41]Ryan's roles as cynical, prejudiced, violent characters, often ran counter to the causes he embraced. He was a pacifist who starred in war movies, westerns, and violent thrillers. He was an opponent ofMcCarthyism,but appeared in theanti-communistpropaganda filmI Married a Communist,playing a nefariouscommunistagent. In socially progressive films such asCrossfire,Bad Day at Black Rock,Odds Against TomorrowandExecutive Action,he played bigoted villains or conspirators.
Personal life
editOn March 11, 1939, he married Jessica Cadwalader. They had three children: Timothy (b. 1946); Cheyney (b. 1948), a research fellow atOxford Universityand aprofessorofphilosophy and lawat theUniversity of Oregon;and Lisa (b. 1951).[42][43][44]They lived inthe Dakotaat 72nd andCentral Park Westin Manhattan and eventually sub-let and later sold the apartment toJohn LennonandYoko Ono.[43]
In the fall of 1951, the progressiveOakwood Schoolwas opened in Jessica and Robert Ryan's backyard in Los Angeles; founded by a small group of parents, created and based on their educational and child-rearing views. Three years later, the parents, including the Ryans,Sidney Harmon,Elizabeth Schappert, Wendy and Ross Cabeen, and Charles and Emilie Haas, bought and built the elementary school campus on Moorpark Street in Los Angeles's San Fernando Valley.
Robert and Jessica remained married until her death from cancer in 1972. He died from lung cancer in New York City the following year at the age of 63.
"I've been lucky as hell with my career and my family," he said shortly before he died.[34]
Appraisal
editThis sectionmay beunbalancedtoward certain viewpoints.(May 2024) |
According to one profile of him written after his death:
Born to play beautifully tortured, angry souls... Ryan was a familiar movie face for more than two decades in Hollywood's classical years, his studio ups and downs, independent detours and outlier adventures paralleling the arc of American cinema as it went from a national pastime to near collapse. A little prettier and he might have been one of the golden boys of the golden age. But there could be something a touch menacing about his face (something open and sweet too), which bunched as tight as a fist, and his towering height (he stood 6 foot 4) at times loomed like a threat. The rage boiled up in him so quickly. It made him seem dangerous. He was known for his villains, and it was the complexity of these characters, their emotional and psychological kinks, that elevated even his lesser roles. He never achieved the supernova stardom of a Gable or Bogart, and these days Ryan's glower may be more familiar than his name. Yet he was the type of next-level star and B-movie stalwart that helped make old Hollywood great.[45]
Filmography
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | The Ghost Breakers | Intern | Uncredited |
| 1940 | Queen of the Mob | Jim | |
| 1940 | Golden Gloves | Pete Wells | |
| 1940 | North West Mounted Police | Constable Dumont | |
| 1940 | The Texas Rangers Ride Again | Eddie | Uncredited |
| 1943 | Bombardier | Joe Connors | |
| 1943 | The Sky's the Limit | Reginald Fenton | |
| 1943 | Behind the Rising Sun | Lefty O'Doyle | |
| 1943 | The Iron Major | Father Timothy 'Tim' Donovan | |
| 1943 | Gangway for Tomorrow | Joe Dunham | |
| 1943 | Tender Comrade | Chris Jones | |
| 1944 | Marine Raiders | Capt. Dan Craig | |
| 1947 | Trail Street | Allen | |
| 1947 | The Woman on the Beach | Scott | |
| 1947 | Crossfire | Montgomery | |
| 1948 | Berlin Express | Robert Lindley | |
| 1948 | Return of the Bad Men | Sundance Kid | |
| 1948 | The Boy with Green Hair | Dr. Evans | |
| 1948 | Act of Violence | Joe Parkson | |
| 1949 | Caught | Smith Ohlrig | |
| 1949 | The Set-Up | Stoker | |
| 1949 | I Married a Communist | Brad Collins | |
| 1950 | The Secret Fury | David Mclean | |
| 1950 | Born to Be Bad | Nick | |
| 1951 | Hard, Fast and Beautiful | Seabright Tennis Match Spectator | Uncredited |
| 1951 | Best of the Badmen | Jeff Clanton | |
| 1951 | Flying Leathernecks | Capt. Carl 'Griff' Griffin | |
| 1951 | The Racket | Nick Scanlon | |
| 1951 | On Dangerous Ground | Jim Wilson | |
| 1952 | Clash by Night | Earl Pfeiffer | |
| 1952 | Beware, My Lovely | Howard Wilton | |
| 1952 | Horizons West | Dan Hammond | |
| 1953 | The Naked Spur | Ben Vandergroat | |
| 1953 | City Beneath the Sea | Brad Carlton | |
| 1953 | Inferno | Donald Whitley Carson III | |
| 1954 | Alaska Seas | Matt Kelly | |
| 1954 | About Mrs. Leslie | George Leslie | |
| 1954 | Her Twelve Men | Joe Hargrave | |
| 1955 | Bad Day at Black Rock | Reno Smith | |
| 1955 | House of Bamboo | Sandy Dawson | |
| 1955 | Escape to Burma | Jim Brecan/Martin | |
| 1955 | The Tall Men | Nathan Stark | |
| 1956 | The Proud Ones | Marshal Cass Silver | |
| 1956 | Back from Eternity | Bill Lonagan | |
| 1957 | Men in War | Lt. Benson | |
| 1958 | Lonelyhearts | William Shrike | |
| 1958 | God's Little Acre | Ty Ty Walden | |
| 1958 | The Great Gatsby | Jay Gatsby | Television adaptation of Fitzgerald's novel |
| 1959 | Day of the Outlaw | Blaise Starrett | |
| 1959 | Odds Against Tomorrow | Earle Slater | |
| 1960 | Ice Palace | Thor Storm | |
| 1961 | The Canadians | Inspector William Gannon | |
| 1960 | King of Kings | John the Baptist | |
| 1962 | The Longest Day | Brig. Gen.James M. Gavin | |
| 1962 | Billy Budd | John Claggart- Master at Arms | nominated for a BAFTA[26] |
| 1964 | World War One | Narrator | |
| 1965 | The Crooked Road | Richard Ashley | |
| 1965 | The Dirty Game | General Bruce | |
| 1965 | Battle of the Bulge | Gen. Grey | |
| 1966 | The Professionals | Ehrengard | |
| 1967 | The Busy Body | Charley Barker | |
| 1967 | The Dirty Dozen | Col. Everett Dasher Breed | |
| 1967 | Hour of the Gun | Ike Clanton | |
| 1967 | Custer of the West | Sgt. Patrick Mulligan | |
| 1968 | A Minute to Pray, a Second to Die | New Mexico Gov. Lem Carter | |
| 1968 | Anzio | General Carson | |
| 1969 | The Wild Bunch | Deke Thornton | |
| 1969 | Captain Nemo and the Underwater City | Captain Nemo | |
| 1971 | Lawman | Marshall Sabbath Cotton Ryan | |
| 1971 | The Love Machine | Gregory 'Greg' Austin | |
| 1972 | ...and Hope to Die | Charley Ellis | |
| 1973 | Lolly-Madonna XXX | Pap Gutshall | |
| 1973 | The Outfit | Mailer | |
| 1973 | Executive Action | Robert Foster | |
| 1973 | The Iceman Cometh | Larry Slade |
References
edit- ^Jarlett, Franklin (1997).Robert Ryan: A Biography and Critical Filmography.Jefferson, North Carolina:McFarland & Company,Inc. p. 4.ISBN0-7864-0476-0.Retrieved7 September2020– viaGoogle Books.
- ^Jones, J. R. (29 October 2009)."The Actor's Letter".Chicago Reader.
- ^Jones, J.R.The Lives of Robert RyanWesleyan University Press, 11 May 2015
- ^Aug 2012, Ty Burr '80 | Jul-."The Actor Who Knew Too Much".Dartmouth Alumni Magazine.Retrieved26 January2020.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^abJarlett, Franklin (1997).Robert Ryan: A Biography and Critical Filmography.McFarland & Company,Inc. p. 7.ISBN0-7864-0476-0.Retrieved10 December2018– viaGoogle Books.
- ^abRobert Ryan, In Search of Action: Ryan, In Search of Action By PATRICIA BOSWORTH. New York Times 1 June 1969: D1
- ^From Chicago Sandhog to Hollywood Star: Robert Ryan: Acting Career Has Beginning in Night School Zylstra, Freida. Chicago Daily Tribune 19 July 1950: a1.
- ^abcdeRobert Ryan Dies of Cancer at 63: Played in More Than 80 Films in 30-Year Career ROBERT RYAN Meagher, Ed. Los Angeles Times 12 July 1973: 3a.
- ^Jarlett, Franklin (1 November 1997).Robert Ryan: A Biography and Critical Filmography.McFarland.ISBN978-0-7864-0476-6.
- ^SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: Paramount Signs Robert Ryan, Former Dartmouth Boxer, for 'Golden Gloves' RKO PLANS 'LITTLE ORVIE' Seeks John Barrymore 2d for Title Role--Mary Boland Gets Part in 'New Moon' RKO Signs Edmund O'Brien By DOUGLAS W. CHURCHILL Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES 4 Nov 1939: 11.
- ^Jones, J. R. (11 May 2015).The Lives of Robert Ryan.Wesleyan University Press.ISBN978-0-8195-7373-5.
- ^The Life Story of ROBERT RYAN Picture Show; London Vol. 56, Iss. 1454, (Feb 10, 1951): 10.
- ^""Top Grossers of the Season" Variety (January 1944) p54 ".Internet Archive.January 1944.Retrieved10 August2019.
- ^abRichard Jewel, 'RKO Film Grosses: 1931-1951',Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television,Vol 14 No 1, 1994 p41
- ^ROBERT RYAN GETS ROLE IN RKO FILM: Out of Marines, He Will CoStar With Joan Bennett for Studio in 'Desirable Woman' Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES 4 Jan 1946: 28.
- ^Robert Ryan, 'Crossfire' Hit, Gets Stardom in Bo xing Film By Hedda Hopper. The Washington Post 1 July 1947: 17.
- ^RANDOM NOTES ABOUT PICTURES AND PEOPLE: Robert Ryan on 'Berlin Express' -- New Novel Acquired and Other Items By A.H. WEILER. New York Times 20 July 1947: X3.
- ^Whitman, Alden (12 July 1973)."Robert Ryan, Actor, Dies at 63".The New York Times.ISSN0362-4331.Retrieved28 January2020.
- ^ROBERT RYAN GETS LEAD IN RKO FILM: To Play Opposite Joan Fontaine in 'Bed of Roses' at Studio -- Work Starts This Month By THOMAS F. BRADYS New York Times 1 June 1949: 43.
- ^DRATTLER DRAMA IS BOUGHT BY RKO: Studio Acquires 'Miami Story' as Vehicle for Robert Ryan --Author Named Producer Of Local Origin By THOMAS F. BRADY Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES 28 Jan 1950: 10.
- ^Drama: Robert Ryan Scripts Avalanche Outline; Gig Young Western Prepared Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 26 Jan 1951: A9.
- ^Ryan & Shaw Thomson, David. Film Comment; New York Vol. 30, Iss. 1, (Jan 1994): 68.
- ^Ryan Proposes 'Lost Patrol;' Zero Mostel in 'Lunatics and Lovers' Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times 30 July 1955: 15.
- ^Drama: Andes Flies Over Andes; Shannon Upped, to Star; Don McGuire to Produce Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times 3 Jan 1956: B7.
- ^"Notes From Hollywood".The Ottawa Citizen.December 3, 1955. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
- ^ab2 FILM FIRMS WIN CHAPLIN CASE: Roy Export and Lopert Get U. S. Injunction Barring 'Pirated' Showings By RICHARD NASON. New York Times 24 July 1959: 14.
- ^The Lives of Robert Ryan Dick, Bernard F. Film & History; Cleveland, OK Vol. 47, Iss. 1, (Summer 2017): 90-91.
- ^Gross, Edward; Altman, Mark A. (28 June 2016).The Fifty-Year Mission: The Complete, Uncensored, Unauthorized Oral History of Star Trek: The First 25 Years.Macmillan.ISBN978-1-250-06584-1.
- ^UPI-AP."Robert Ryan Dead At 59"[sic].The Montreal Gazette.July 12, 1973. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- ^Jones, J. R. (27 May 2015)."Actor Robert Ryan was The Wild Bunch's party man".Chicago Reader.Retrieved14 September2023.
- ^"Repertory Formed By Noted Actors".The St. Petersburg Times.August 3, 1968. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- ^"TV Drama Boasts Top Cast".The Calgary Herald.January 23, 1970. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- ^Du Brow, Rick."Xerox Presents 'The Front Page'".The Sarasota Journal.January 12, 1970. Retrieved 2013-03-16.
- ^abcdRobert Ryan---A New Life on Borrowed Time: Robert Ryan---No Complaints Murphy, Mary. Los Angeles Times 5 Sep 1972: d1.
- ^[1].The New Yorker.Volume 47, Issue 3. Retrieved 2013-03-15. See also:
- "Long Day's Journey Into Night".Cue.April 1971. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
- ^KCFCC Award Winners 1970-1979.Kansas City Film Critics Circle. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
- ^Wedman, Les."And Now... The Oscar for Gore at the Box Office".The Vancouver Sun.January 10, 1974. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
- ^Sarris, Andrew."Films in Focus: A Tale of Two Circles".The Village Voice.February 14, 1974. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
- ^Bruce Eder (2013)."Robert Ryan Biography".Movies & TV Dept.The New York Times.Archived fromthe originalon 23 May 2013.
- ^Jarlett, Franklin (1997).Robert Ryan: A Biography and Critical Filmography.McFarland & Company,Inc. p. 132.ISBN0-7864-0476-0.Retrieved7 September2020– viaGoogle Books.
- ^Philip K. Scheuer,Los Angeles Times,1 October 1959, B13.
- ^"Actor's Son Cheyney Ryan Brings Migrant Workers a Theater That Could Save Their Lives".PEOPLE.
- ^abJones, J R (2015).The Lives of Robert Ryan.Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. p. 281.ISBN978-0-8195-7373-5.OCLC907774763.
- ^Jones, J. R. (29 October 2009)."The Actor's Letter".Chicago Reader.Retrieved2 September2019.
- ^Robert Ryan's Quiet Furies: [Arts and Leisure Desk] Manohla Dargis. New York Times 7 Aug 2011: AR.10.
Further reading
edit- Othman, Frederick C."Hollywood Reporter".The Middlesboro Daily News.August 23, 1943.
- UP."Robert Ryan Isn't Sure He Can Afford Stardom".The Milwaukee Journal.November 19, 1947.
- AP."Robert Ryan: A Friend of the Underdog".The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.September 14, 1948.
- "Robert Ryan's Advice to Would-Be Actors".The Deseret News.November 30, 1951.
- Finnigan, Joseph."Actor Robert Ryan Set to Find His Relatives".The Palm Beach Post.July 4, 1961.
- Pack, Harvey."Bob Ryan Shines on TV and Stage".The Toledo Blade.June 23, 1969.
- Otterburn-Hall, William."Robert Ryan Recalls First Trip to Durango".The Saskatoon Star-Phoenix.June 6, 1970.
- Thomas, Bob."Robert Ryan Fights Back After Tragic Two Years".The Milwaukee Journal.August 25, 1972.
- Jones, J.R."The Actor's Letter: A Reminiscence by Film Noir Icon Robert Ryan".The Chicago Reader.October 29, 2009.
- Dargis, Manohla."Robert Ryan's Quiet Furies".The New York Times.August 5, 2011.
- Kennedy, Harold J.No Pickle, No Performance. An Irreverent Theatrical Excursion from Tallulah to Travolta.New York, Doubleday & Co., 1978. pp.124–148
External links
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