Summer of '42is a 1971 Americancoming-of-age filmdirected byRobert Mulligan,and starringJennifer O'Neill,Gary Grimes,Jerry Houser,andChristopher Norris.Based on the memoirs of screenwriterHerman "Hermie" Raucher,it follows a teenage boy who, during the summer of 1942 onNantucket,embarks on a one-sided romance with a young woman, Dorothy, whose husband has gone off to fight inWorld War II.The film was a commercial and critical success and was nominated for fourAcademy Awards,winning forBest Original ScoreforMichel Legrand.
| Summer of '42 | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Robert Mulligan |
| Written by | Herman Raucher |
| Produced by | Richard A. Roth |
| Starring | Jennifer O'Neill Gary Grimes Jerry Houser Oliver Conant |
| Narrated by | Robert Mulligan |
| Cinematography | Robert Surtees |
| Edited by | Folmar Blangsted |
| Music by | Michel Legrand |
Production company | Mulligan-Roth Productions |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
Release date |
|
Running time | 104 minutes[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $1 million[2] |
| Box office | $32.1 million[3] |
Raucher'snovelizationof his screenplayof the same namewas released prior to the film and became a runaway bestseller, to the point that audiences lost sight of the fact that the book was an adaptation of the film and not vice versa. Though apop culturephenomenon in the first half of the 1970s, the novelization went out of print and slipped into obscurity throughout the next two decades until anoff Broadwayadaptation in 2001 brought it back into the public light and promptedBarnes & Nobleto acquire the publishing rights to the book. The film was followed by a sequel,Class of '44,also written by Raucher, with lead actors Grimes, Houser, and Conant reprising their roles.
Plot
editIn the summer of 1942 onNantucket,15-year-old "Hermie" and his friends –jockOscy and introvertednerdBenjie – are hanging out on the beach. They spot a young soldier carrying his new bride into a house and are struck by her beauty.
They continue spending afternoons on the beach, where their thoughts turn to sex. All of them are virgins: Oscy is obsessed with the act of sex, while Hermie developsromantic interestin the bride, whose husband he spots leaving the island on awater taxione morning. Later that day, Hermie sees her outside the market struggling with grocery bags. He offers to aid her in carrying the bags home, which she accepts, and in this way, gets to meet her.
Meanwhile, Oscy and Hermie become convinced they know everything necessary to lose their virginity. They test this by going to the cinema and picking up a trio of high-school girls. Oscy stakes out Miriam, "giving" Hermie her less attractive friend, Aggie, and leaving Benjie with Gloria, a heavyset girl withdental braces.Frightened by the immediacy of sex, Benjie runs off. The other two girls initially refuse to go in without Benji's would-be date, but she says to go without her, then leaves herself. The war bride, who is also at the movies, sees Hermie in line and asks him if he can help her move some boxes that Thursday. During the film, Oscy attempts to put the moves on Miriam, eventually making out with her. Hermie succeeds with Aggie, who allows him to grope what he thinks is her breast; Oscy later points out that Hermie was fondling her arm.
On Thursday, Hermie helps the bride move boxes into her attic, and she thanks him with a kiss on the forehead. Later, in preparation for a marshmallow roast on the beach with Aggie and Miriam, Hermie goes to the drugstore and hilariously builds up the nerve to ask the druggist for condoms (or "rubbers," as they were known in the '40s). That night, Hermie roasts marshmallows with Aggie while Oscy has sex with Miriam behind the dune bushes. Oscy is doing so well, he comes up and asks Hermie for some of his condoms. Aggie, wondering what is going on, walks over to Oscy and Miriam, sees them having sex, and runs home, upset.
The next day, Hermie comes across the bride sitting outside her house, writing to her husband. Hermie offers to keep her company that night, and she accepts. Hermie says she never got her name, and she replies her name is Dorothy. Later, Hermie runs into Oscy, who relates that Miriam's appendix burst and she has been rushed to the mainland. When Oscy asks about Dorothy and makes crude comments, Hermie rebukes him for his crassness.
When Hermie gets to Dorothy’s house, he finds it strangely dark and quiet. He sees a bottle of whiskey, several cigarette butts in an ashtray, arecord playerspinning at the end of a record, and atelegramon the table. Dorothy's husband is dead, his plane shot down over France. Dorothy comes out of her bedroom with tears on her face, says hello, and "I don't look very good, do I?" Hermie replies with, "I think you do." Dorothy then walks into the kitchen and begins washing dishes. Hermie says to her, "I'm sorry." Dorothy stops what she's doing, turns to face Hermie, turns on the record player, and invites him to dance with her. They dance, both with tears on their faces. They kiss and embrace, then move to the bedroom where she draws him into bed and gently makes love with him. Afterward, Dorothy withdraws to the porch. Hermie approaches her, and she says, "Good night, Hermie." He responds with "Good night," then leaves, his last image of Dorothy being of her leaning against the railing as she smokes a cigarette and stares into the night.
The next day, Hermie and Oscy reconcile, with Oscy informing Hermie that Miriam will recover. Hermie goes back to Dorothy's house only to learn she has left the island. She has left behind a letter for Hermie wherein she expresses her hopes that Hermie understands she must go home, assures him she will never forget him, and hopes he will be spared from life's senseless tragedies.
In voiceover, the adult Hermie says, "I was never to see her again. Nor was I ever to learn what became of her. We were different then. Kids were different. It took us longer to understand the things we felt. Life is made up of small comings and goings. And for everything we take with us, there is something that we leave behind. In the summer of '42, we raided the Coast Guard station four times, we saw five movies and had nine days of rain. Benjie broke his watch. Oscy gave up the harmonica. And in a very special way, I lost Hermie...forever."
Cast
edit- Jennifer O'Neillas Dorothy
- Gary Grimesas Hermie
- Jerry Houseras Oscy
- Oliver Conant as Benjie
- Katherine Allentuck as Aggie
- Christopher Norrisas Miriam
- Lou Frizzellas druggist
DirectorRobert Mulliganprovided uncredited voiceover narration as the older Hermie.[4]Maureen Stapletonprovided the voice for Sophie, Hermie's mother,[4]and film stuntman Walter Scott appears uncredited as Dorothy's husband.
Production
editBasis and development
editThe film (and subsequent novel) werememoirswritten byHerman Raucher;they detailed the events in his life over the course of the summer he spent onNantucket Islandin 1942 when he was fourteen years old.[5]Originally, the film was meant to be a tribute to his friend Oscar "Oscy" Seltzer, anArmy medickilled in theKorean War.[5][6]Seltzer was shot dead on a battlefield in Korea while tending to a wounded man; this happened on Raucher's birthday, and consequently, Raucher has not celebrated a birthday since. While writing the screenplay, Raucher realized that despite growing up with Oscy and having bonded with him through their formative years, the two had never really had any meaningful conversations or known one another on a more personal level.[5]
Instead, Raucher decided to focus on the first major adult experience of his life, that of falling in love for the first time. The woman (named Dorothy, like her screen counterpart) was a fellow vacationer on the island whom the 14-year-old Raucher had befriended one day when he helped her carry groceries home; he became a friend of her and her husband and helped her with chores after her husband was called to fight inWorld War II.On the night memorialized in the film, Raucher randomly came to visit her, unaware his arrival was just minutes after she received notification of her husband's death. She was confused and upset, had been drinking heavily, and repeatedly called Raucher by her husband's name. Although both ultimately disrobed, contrary to popular perception, sexual intercourse did not occur. Raucher admitted this in a 2002 interview, saying it was mostly holding, but in the movie "We let you think what you want."[5]
The next morning, Raucher discovered that she had left the island, leaving behind a note for him (which is read at the end of the film and reproduced in the book). He never saw her again; his last "encounter" with her, recounted on an episode ofThe Mike Douglas Show,came after the film's release in 1971, when she was one of over a dozen women who wrote letters to Raucher claiming to be "his" Dorothy.[7]Raucher recognized the "real" Dorothy's handwriting, and she confirmed her identity by making references to certain events only she could have known about.[7]She told Raucher that she had lived for years with the guilt that she had potentially traumatized him and ruined his life. She told Raucher that she was glad he turned out all right, and that they had best not re-visit the past.[5][7]
In a 2002 Scripps Treasure Coast Publishing interview, Raucher lamented never hearing from her again and expressed his hope that she was still alive.[5]Raucher's novelization of the screenplay, with the dedication, "To those I love, past and present," serves more as the tribute to Seltzer that he had intended the film to be, with the focus of the book being more on the two boys' relationship than Raucher's relationship with Dorothy. Consequently, the book also mentions Seltzer's death, which is absent from the film adaptation.[8]
An error in both the book and film centers on the movieNow, Voyager.They go to a movie theater to see the movie in the "summer of '42". However, the film was released nationally in the U.S. on October 31, 1942, with an October 22 premiere in New York City, so it would have been impossible to see the movie that summer.
Raucher wrote the film script in the 1950s during his tenure as a television writer, but "couldn't give it away."[5]In the 1960s, he metRobert Mulligan,best known for directingTo Kill a Mockingbird.Raucher showed Mulligan the script, and Mulligan took it toWarner Bros.,where Mulligan argued the film could be shot for the relatively low price of $1 million, and Warner approved it.[5]They had so little faith in the film becoming a box-office success, though, they shied from paying Raucher outright for the script, instead promising him ten percent of the gross.[5]
Casting
editWhen casting for the role of Dorothy, Warner Bros. declined to audition any actresses younger than the age of 30;Jennifer O'Neill's agent, who had developed a fondness for the script, convinced the studio to audition his client, who was only 22 at the time. O'Neill auditioned for the role, albeit hesitantly, not wanting to perform any nude scenes. O'Neill got the role and Mulligan agreed to find a way to make the film work without blatant nudity.[9]
Filming
editThough set on theeast coast,Summer of '42was filmed inNorthern California,largely inFort BraggandMendocino.[10]Shooting took place over eight weeks, during which O'Neill was sequestered from the three boys cast as "The Terrible Trio," in order to ensure that they did not become close and ruin the sense of awkwardness and distance that their characters felt towards Dorothy. Production ran smoothly, finishing on schedule.[5]
After production, Warner Bros., still wary about the film only being a minor success, asked Raucher to adapt his script into a book.[5]Raucher wrote it in three weeks, and Warner Bros. released it prior to the film to build interest in the story.[5]The book quickly became a national bestseller, so that when trailers premiered in theaters, the film was billed as being "based on the national bestseller," despite the film having been completed first.[5][8]Ultimately, the book became one of the best-selling novels of the first half of the 1970s, requiring 23 reprints between 1971 and 1974 to keep up with customer demand.[8]
Release
editBox office
editThe film became a blockbuster upon its release, grossing over $32 million, making it one of the most successful films of 1971, with an expense-to-profit ratio of 1:32;[11]beyond that, it is estimatedvideo rentalsand purchases in the United States since the 1980s have produced an additional $20.5 million.[12]On this point, Raucher said in May 2002 that his ten percent of the gross, in addition to royalties from book sales, "has paid bills ever since."[5]
Critical response
editSummer of '42received positive reviews. Thereview aggregatorwebsiteRotten Tomatoesreported a 79% approval rating based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 6.73/10.[13]
InThe Guardian,Derek MalcolmwroteSummer of '42"is one of those rare films you can't help liking simply for its aspirations, which are so honest and open-minded."[14]He concluded, "You could, I suppose, view it as a deeply romantic film full of a specifically American yearning for the purity of pubescence. You could also view it more simply as an ingratiating comedy about latent sexuality. Either way you can't doubt its charm and sheer professionalism, even if the pace is slack at times."[14]
Vincent CanbyofThe New York Timesexpressed that Hermie's encounter with Dorothy is "a good deal more common in novels and screenplays (and in the Hermie-like fantasies of middle-aged writers) than in real life", but praised the film's "reticent quality of its romanticism" and its actors.[15]Canby concluded the "foreground is mostly accurate, in which sexual panic and fist fights and nose bleeds are treated with the great comic respect they deserve."[16]
Some critics were critical of the film's nostalgic framework.Roger Ebertof theChicago Sun-Timessaid the film is undercut by its rose-tinted nostalgic tone, writing, "Nostalgia is used as a distancing device -- to keep us safely insulated from the boy's immediate grief, love, and passion."[16]Ebert noted the film is "beautifully produced and photographed", but lacked more of a perspective on Hermie's experiences and how it changed him.[16]Varietywrote, "The emotional and sexual awakening of teenagers is a dramatic staple. Robert Mulligan’sSummer of '42has a large amount of charm and tenderness; it also has little dramatic economy and much eye-exhausting photography which translates to forced and artificial emphasis on a strungout story. "[17]
Accolades
edit| Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards[18] | Best Original Screenplay | Herman Raucher | Nominated |
| Best Original Score | Michel Legrand | Won | |
| Best Cinematography | Robert Surtees | Nominated | |
| Best Film Editing | Folmar Blangsted | Nominated | |
| BAFTA Awards[19] | Best Original Music | Michel Legrand | Won |
| Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles | Gary Grimes | Nominated | |
| Directors Guild of America Awards[20] | Outstanding Directorial Achievement – Feature Film | Robert Mulligan | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards[21] | Best Motion Picture – Drama | Nominated | |
| Best Director | Robert Mulligan | Nominated | |
| Best Original Score | Michel Legrand | Nominated | |
| New Star of the Year – Actor | Gary Grimes | Nominated | |
Home media
editWarner Bros. Home Entertainmentfirst released the film onVHSin 1984.[22]It was released onDVDby Warner in 2002.[23]TheWarner Archive Collectionreissued the DVD in 2014,[24]followed by aBlu-rayrelease in 2017.[25]
Soundtrack
edit| Summer of '42: Original Motion Picture Score | |
|---|---|
| Soundtrack albumby Michel Legrand | |
| Released | 1971 |
| Label | Warner Bros. Records |
The film's soundtrack consists almost entirely of compositions byMichel Legrand,many of which are variants upon "The Summer Knows", the film's theme. Lyrics are byMarilynandAlan Bergman.Because the complete score runs just under 17 minutes, only the first and eighth tracks on the album are fromSummer of '42;the rest of the music is taken from Legrand's score for 1969'sThe Picasso Summer.[26]
Main theme "Summer of '42" won aGrammy Awardat14th editionheld in 1972 forBest Instrumental Composition.[27]
In addition to Legrand's scoring, the film also features the song "Hold Tight" byThe Andrews Sistersand the theme fromNow, Voyager.On the Billboard 200, it debuted on November 9, 1971 and peaked at #52 on November 20, 1971.[26]
| No. | Title | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Summer of '42 (Main Theme)" | 3:51 |
| 2. | "Summer Song" | 4:21 |
| 3. | "The Bacchanal" | 1:48 |
| 4. | "Lonely Two" | 2:04 |
| 5. | "The Danger" | 2:13 |
| 6. | "Montage: But Not Picasso / Full Awakening" | 3:32 |
| 7. | "High I.Q" | 2:11 |
| 8. | "The Summer Knows" | 1:47 |
| 9. | "The Entrance to Reality" | 3:04 |
| 10. | "La Guerre" | 3:15 |
| 11. | "Los Manos de Muerto" | 3:29 |
| 12. | "Awakening Awareness" | 2:26 |
| 13. | "And All the Time" | 1:43 |
| Total length: | 35:44 | |
In 2014Intrada RecordsreleasedSummer of '42andThe Picasso Summeron a limited-edition two-disc set, with the entire score for the former and the original album presentation of the latter (dubbed "The Picasso Suite" ) on disc 1, and the complete score forThe Picasso Summeron disc 2.[28]
Warner Bros. Publications released a sheet music folio,Summer of '42 & Other Hits of the Forties,which contains the movie theme and 34 other unrelated songs.[29]
Music
edit| "Theme From" Summer of '42 "" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SinglebyPeter Nero | ||||
| from the albumSummer of '42 | ||||
| B-side | "Theme From 'Jesus Christ, Superstar' (A Rock Opera) " | |||
| Released | May 19, 1971 | |||
| Genre | Pop,easy listening | |||
| Length | 2:48 | |||
| Label | Columbia | |||
| Songwriter(s) | Michel Legrand | |||
| Producer(s) | Paul Leka | |||
| Peter Nerosingles chronology | ||||
| ||||
| "Theme From" Summer of '42 "" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SinglebyBiddu Orchestra | ||||
| from the albumBlue-Eyed Soul | ||||
| B-side | "Northern Dancer" | |||
| Released | 16 May 1975 | |||
| Genre | Northern soul,disco | |||
| Length | 3:08 | |||
| Label | Epic | |||
| Songwriter(s) | Michel Legrand | |||
| Producer(s) | Biddu | |||
| Biddu Orchestrasingles chronology | ||||
| ||||
Legrand's theme song for the film, "The Summer Knows", has since become apop standard,being recorded by such artists asPeter Nero(who had a charting hit with his 1971 version),Biddu(1975 international chart hit),Tony Bennett,Frank Sinatra,Sarah Vaughan,Andy Williams,Jonny Fair,Scott Walker,Elis Regina,Jackie Evancho,Oscar Peterson,Bill Evans,Toots Thielemans,George Benson,Roger Williams,andBarbra Streisand.[26]
The 1973 song "Summer (The First Time)"byBobby Goldsborohas almost exactly the same subject and apparent setting, although there is no direct credited link.Bryan Adamshas, however, credited the film as being a partial inspiration for his 1985 hit "Summer of '69".[30]
Garth Brooks' 1993 hit "That Summer"features a similar story of a coming-of-age male in a romance with an older female.[31]
Chart history
edit| Chart (1971) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| USCash Box | 118 |
- Peter Nero
| Chart (1971–72) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Australia (Kent Music Report)[32] | 70 |
| CanadaRPMTop Singles[33] | 17 |
| USBillboardHot 100[34] | 21 |
| USBillboardAdult Contemporary | 6 |
| USCash BoxTop 100[35] | 21 |
- Biddu Orchestra
| Chart (1975) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Australia (Kent Music Report)[36] | 54 |
| CanadaRPMAdult Contemporary[37] | 21 |
| CanadaRPMTop Singles[38] | 77 |
| Ireland (IRMA)[39] | 13 |
| UK[40] | 14 |
| USBillboardHot 100[34] | 57 |
| USBillboardAdult Contemporary | 10 |
| USCash BoxTop 100[41] | 54 |
Legacy
editIn the years since the film's release, Warner Bros. has attempted to buy back Raucher's ten percent of the film as well as his rights to the story so it could be remade; Raucher has consistently declined.[5]The 1988 filmStealing Homehas numerous similarities to bothSummer of '42andClass of '44,with several incidents (most notably a subplot dealing with the premature death of the protagonist's father and the protagonist's response to it) appearing to have been directly lifted from Raucher's own life; Jennifer O'Neill stated in 2002 she believesHomewas an attempted remake ofSummer.[42]
FilmmakerStanley Kubrickcited it as one of his favorite films of all time, and featured it in a scene inThe Shining(1980), during which the character ofWendy Torrancewatches the film on television.[43]DirectorQuentin Tarantinois also an admirer of it, and declared it "one of the best movies of the ’70s."[43][44]
Sequel
editIn 1973, the film wasfollowedbyClass of '44,aslice-of-lifefilm made up of vignettes about Herman Raucher and Oscar Seltzer's experiences in college.Class of '44involves the boys facing army service in the last year of World War II. The only crew member fromSummer of '42to return to the project was Raucher himself, who wrote the script; a new director and composer were brought in to replace Mulligan and Legrand. Of the four principal cast members ofSummer of '42,only Jerry Houser and Gary Grimes returned for prominent roles, with Oliver Conant making two brief appearances totaling less than two minutes of screen time. Jennifer O'Neill did not appear in the film at all, nor was the character of Dorothy mentioned.
The film met with poor critical reviews; the only three reviews available atRotten Tomatoesare resoundingly negative,[45][46]withChannel 4calling it "a big disappointment,"[47]andThe New York Timesstating "The only things worth attention in 'Class of '44' are the period details," and"'Class of '44' seems less like a movie than 95 minutes of animated wallpaper. "[48]
Off-Broadway musical
editIn 2001, Raucher consented to the film being made into anoff Broadwaymusical play.[5]He was on hand opening night, giving the cast a pep talk which he concluded, "We've now done it every possible way – except go out and piss it in the snow!"[49]The play met with positive critical and fan response, and was endorsed by Raucher himself, but the play was forced to close down in the aftermath of theSeptember 11 attacks.[5]Nevertheless, the play was enough to spark interest in the film and book with a new generation, prompting Warner to re-issue the book (which had since gone out of print, along with all of Raucher's other works) for sale withBarnes & Noble's online bookstore, and to restore the film and release it on DVD.[5]The musical has since been performed across the country, at venues such as Kalliope Stage inCleveland Heights, Ohioin 2004 (directed by Paul Gurgol) andMill Mountain TheatreinRoanoke,Virginia,(directed by Jere Hodgin and choreographed by Bernard Monroe), and was subsequently recorded as a concert by the York Theatre Company in 2006.
Alternative sequel
editIn 2002, O'Neill claimed to have obtained the rights to make a sequel toSummer of '42,based on a short story she wrote. This story took place in an alternate reality where Herman Raucher had a son and divorced his wife, went back to Nantucket in 1962 with a still-living Oscar Seltzer, encountered Dorothy again and married her.[9]As of 2017, this project – which O'Neill had hoped to produce withLifetimetelevision[50]– had not been realized. It is unknown if O'Neill is still attempting to get it produced or if Raucher consented to its production.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^"Summer of '42(15) ".British Board of Film Classification.April 15, 1971.Archivedfrom the original on February 14, 2017.RetrievedFebruary 6,2013.
- ^Trust, Richard (June 16, 2016)."Summer of '42:From Film to Book ".yesterdaysisland.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^"Summer of '42, Box Office Information".The Numbers.Archivedfrom the original on May 28, 2014.RetrievedJanuary 12,2012.
- ^ab"Summer of '42(1971) ".AFI Catalog of Feature Films.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrPark, Louis Hillary (May 2002)."Herman Raucher Interview (extended)".TCPalm.Archived fromthe originalon February 6, 2006.RetrievedJuly 5,2006.
- ^"Korean War Memorial – Oscar Seltzer".Koreanwar.org.Korean War Project Remembrance. Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2007.RetrievedNovember 24,2018.
- ^abcThe Mike Douglas Show.Season 11. Episode 146.Westinghouse Broadcasting.March 20, 1972.
- ^abcRaucher, Herman(June 1, 1971).Summer of '42.Putnam Publishing Group.ISBN0399107770.
- ^abPark, Louis Hillary (June 2002)."Jennifer O'Neill Interview (extended)".TCPalm.Archived fromthe originalon February 5, 2012.RetrievedFebruary 8,2012.
- ^"Hunt for cast, crew of Summer of 42".Fort Bragg Advocate-News.April 1, 2010.Archivedfrom the original on June 7, 2023.
- ^Erickson, Hal."Summer of '42".AllMovie.Archivedfrom the original on May 22, 2023.
- ^"Summer of '42Business Data ".IMDb.Archived fromthe originalon January 14, 2005.RetrievedJuly 3,2006.
- ^"Summer of '42 (1971)".Rotten Tomatoes.Archivedfrom the original on December 1, 2017.RetrievedNovember 8,2017.
- ^abMalcolm, Derek(July 1, 1971)."Always on Sundays".The Guardian.p. 10.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^Canby, Vincent(April 19, 1971)."The Screen: Coming of Age in the 'Summer of '42':Good Humor Mark of Fine Arts Arrival Its Youthful Principals Grow Up During War".The New York Times.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^abcEbert, Roger(January 1, 1971)."Summer of '42".Chicago Sun-Times.RetrievedOctober 7,2023– via RogerEbert.
- ^"Summer of '42".Variety.December 31, 1970.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^"Summer of '42 (1971) – Miscellaneous Notes".Turner Classic Movies.Archived fromthe originalon September 20, 2018.
- ^"Film in 1972".BAFTA Awards.RetrievedOctober 1,2023.
- ^"Awards / History / 1971".RetrievedJune 9,2024.
- ^"Winners & Nominees 1972".goldenglobes.Archived fromthe originalon April 13, 2019.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^Summer of '42(VHS).Warner Home Video.1984 [1971]. 1033.
- ^Simons, Christopher (February 7, 2002)."Summer of '42".DVD Talk.Archivedfrom the original on July 5, 2022.
- ^"Summer of '42".WorldCat.Archivedfrom the original on June 7, 2023.
- ^"Summer of '42 Blu-ray (Warner Archive Collection)".Blu-ray.Archived fromthe originalon July 14, 2022.
- ^abcRuhlmann, William."Summer of '42 (Original Motion Picture Score)".AllMusic.RetrievedOctober 6,2023.
- ^"14th Annual Grammy Awards".grammy.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^"Michel Legrand's Complete 'Summer of '42' Score Released".Film Music Reporter.October 14, 2014.RetrievedOctober 6,2023.
- ^Summer of '42 & Other Hits of the Forties (Sheet Music).Warner Bros. Publications. January 1, 1971.RetrievedOctober 7,2023.
- ^"Summer of '69 lyrics explained by co-author".JimVallance.Archivedfrom the original on June 28, 2006.
- ^Brooks, Garth;Alger, Pat;Mahl-Brooks, Sandy (1992)."That Summer".Major Bob Music/Warner-Chappell Publications. Archived fromthe originalon January 29, 2009.
- ^Kent, David(1993).Australian Chart Book 1970–1992(illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 214.ISBN0-646-11917-6.
- ^"RPM Top 100 Singles - January 15, 1972"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on February 3, 2023.RetrievedJuly 9,2023.
- ^abJoel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–1990-ISBN0-89820-089-X
- ^"Cash Box Top 100 Singles, January 8, 1972".Archivedfrom the original on June 2, 2019.RetrievedJune 2,2019.
- ^Kent, David(1993).Australian Chart Book 1970-1992.St Ives,N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book.ISBN0-646-11917-6.
- ^"Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada".Collectionscanada.gc.ca.October 25, 1975.Archivedfrom the original on September 4, 2018.RetrievedJune 2,2019.
- ^"Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada".Collectionscanada.gc.ca.October 25, 1975.Archivedfrom the original on August 15, 2020.RetrievedJune 2,2019.
- ^"The Irish Charts – Search Results – Summer of 42 ".Irish Singles Chart.Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^"Official Charts Company".Officialcharts.August 2, 1975.Archivedfrom the original on June 2, 2019.RetrievedJune 2,2019.
- ^"Cash Box Top 100 Singles, November 8, 1975".Archivedfrom the original on December 2, 2021.RetrievedJune 2,2019.
- ^Bray, Tony (2002)."Jennifer O'Neill in 2002".TV-Now.Archived fromthe originalon August 29, 2006.
- ^abKemp, Sam (April 12, 2023)."'Summer of '42': the forgotten 1970s movie loved by Stanley Kubrick and Quentin Tarantino ".Far Out.Archivedfrom the original on April 21, 2023.
- ^Tarantino, Quentin (June 29, 2022)."American Graffiti(review) ".New Beverly Cinema.Archivedfrom the original on June 21, 2023.RetrievedJune 21,2023.
- ^"Class of '44".Rotten Tomatoes.Archivedfrom the original on September 1, 2005.RetrievedAugust 11,2006.
- ^"Class of '44".Time Out.Archivedfrom the original on April 5, 2005.RetrievedAugust 11,2006.
- ^"Class of '44".Channel 4.Archived fromthe originalon June 25, 2006.RetrievedAugust 11,2006.
- ^Canby, Vincent (April 11, 1973)."Screen:'Class of '44,' a Sequel to 'Summer of '42'".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on January 30, 2013.RetrievedAugust 11,2006.
- ^"Starry, Starry Morning: Charles Nelson's Casts and Forecasts".Theatermania.Archived fromthe originalon December 6, 2007.RetrievedSeptember 3,2007.
- ^Oldenburg, Ann (April 9, 2002)."'Summer of '42' Plus 20 ".USA Today.Archived fromthe originalon June 4, 2011.RetrievedNovember 24,2018.
External links
edit- Summer of '42atIMDb
- Summer of '42at theTCM Movie Database
- Summer of '42at theAFI Catalog of Feature Films
- Summer of '42atAllMovie
- Summer of '42atTV Guide(heavily edited and shorted version of the lengthy 1987 write-up originally published inThe Motion Picture Guide)
- Summer of '42by Andy Williamson – The Wordslinger dated April 14, 2008
- Peter Nero - Theme from Summer of '42onYouTube