Yūkaku(Du khuếch)were legalred-light districtsinJapanesehistory, where bothbrothelsandprostitutes- known collectively asyūjo(Du nữ,lit. "woman of pleasure" ),the higher ranks of which were known asoiran(Hoa khôi)- recognised by the Japanese government operated.[1]Though prostitution was, officially, legal to engage in and pay for only in these areas, there were a number of places where prostitutes and brothels operated illegally, known asOkabasho(Cương nơi),the generic name for all unlicensed red-light districts other thanYoshiwara(later including bothShimabaraandShinmachi).[2]
In January 1946,GHQissued an order (SCAPIN 642) nationwide to abolish Japan's legalised system of prostitution, with brothels in theyūkakuareas having to change their names to either that ofcafé(カフェ)orryōtei(Liêu đình),with theyūkakubeing renamed asakasen(Xích tuyến,lit. "red line" )districts.
Following this, theAnti-Prostitution Law(Bán xuân phòng ngừa pháp,Baishun Bōshi Hō)was passed in 1956, before being fully enforced two years later in 1958; though the law did not criminaliseall forms of sex work,the sale of sex with "unspecified" (meaning in this context 'unacquainted') persons was outlawed, leading to theyūkaku,and laterakasen,areas to cease to exist as they once had. In spite of this, the legal sale of some sex acts and services continues to this day within Japan, circumventing the Anti-Prostitution Law either through the sale of acts that do not involve penetrative sex, or through the sale of sex only to customers who have first been 'acquainted' with prostitutes.
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