The2024 BRICS summitwas thesixteenthannualBRICSsummit, held inKazan,Russia. It was the first BRICS summit to includeEgypt,Ethiopia,Iran,and theUnited Arab Emiratesas members, following their accession to the organization at the15th BRICS summit.
| 2024 BRICS summit 16th BRICS summit | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
 | ||
| Host country |  Russia | |
| Cities | Kazan | |
| Participants |  BrazilRussia India China South Africa Egypt Ethiopia Iran United Arab Emirates United Nations | |
| Chair | Vladimir Putin,President of Russia | |
| Website | brics-russia2024 | |
Outcome
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The theme of the event was: “Strengthening Multilateralism for Fair Global Development and Security.”[1]
BRICS members introduced a payment system namedBRICS Paydesigned to facilitate transactions and the interchange of financial information between central banks of partnered nations, serving as an alternative to the Western interbank systemSWIFT.[2]This system will facilitate international settlements.[3][4][5]
The BRICS Kazan Declaration has been adopted.[6][7]BRICS nations endorse reform of the UN and Security Council and the full participation of theState of Palestinein the United Nations, contingent upon thetwo-state solution.[8]BRICS nations consented to deliberate and investigate the feasibility of creating an autonomous cross-border settlement and depository system. The finance ministers of BRICS nations will persist in evaluating the utilization of national currencies, payment tools, and platforms during the forthcoming Presidency and will report on the outcomes.[9]
On October 24, Russia hosted a plenary session of the 16th BRICS Summit in the BRICS Plus/Outreach format, bringing together CIS leaders, delegations from Asian, African, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries, and the heads of several international organizations.[10]
Thirteen nations have been added as partner countries of BRICS:Algeria,Belarus,Bolivia,Cuba,Indonesia,Kazakhstan,Malaysia,Nigeria,Thailand,Turkey,Uganda,Uzbekistan,andVietnam.[11]
Bilateral meetings
editChina-Russia
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Chinese leaderXi Jinpingand Russian PresidentVladimir Putinheld bilateral meeting in Kazan.[12]Presidents calledChina–Russia relationsprofound and unchanging in any turbulent geo-political situation,[13]and agreed that they must persist in advancing the comprehensive integration of theBelt and Road Initiativewith theEurasian Economic Union,therefore facilitating and bolstering the high-quality advancement of their economies. The parties concurred that, in light of the 80th anniversary of the establishment of theUnited Nationsand the 80th anniversary of the victory inWorld War IIin 2025, China and the Russian Federation will persist in enhancing their comprehensive strategic cooperation and upholding the international system centered on the United Nations.[14]The participants articulated their intention to enhance the BRICS cooperation framework and to achieve "Greater BRICS Cooperation".[15][16]
Russia expressed interests in an alternative international payment solutions among BRICS nation to avoidUSsecondary sanctions.[17]
India-China
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Indian PMNarendra Modiand Chinese President Xi Jinping held their first formal bilateral meeting in five years, since thedeadly clash between militariesof the two nations in 2020.[18]The leaders declared they have reached a deal resolving a four-year stand-off, following by complete disengagement of troops.[19]President Xi emphasized the importance of the two ancientcivilizationsin the global south, statingIndia-China relationswill set an example for other emerging nations.[20][21]
Modi stated that sustaining steady development ofIndia–China relationsis crucial for both nations and their populations, impacting the welfare and future of 2.8 billion individuals, and is also significant for regional and global peace and stability.[22]China and India regard this meeting as constructive and significant, agreeing to approach China-India ties from a strategic and long-term perspective to prevent individual issues from impacting the overall relationship between the two nations.[23][24]
India-Iran
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Indian PMNarendra Modiand Iranian PresidentMasoud Pezeshkianheld bilateral meetings discussing continuation ofChabahar Port,theInternational North-South Transport Corridor,reconstruction ofAfghanistan,economic and trade linkages to Central Asia, and minimisingIsraeli–Palestinian conflict.[25][26]
President Pezeshkian accepted the invitation to visit India offered by India.[27]
Russia-South Africa
editSouth African PresidentCyril Ramaphosaheld bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin where he called Russia a "valued ally" for its support duringapartheid.[28][29]
Participating leaders
editIn person
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Indian prime minister Modi and South African president Ramaphosa chose to attend the BRICs summit instead of the2024 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting,which was held the same week inSamoa.The Independentobserved that this is a sign the twoCommonwealth of Nationsstates "place greater weight on maintaining relations with China and Russia than on the more diffuse attractions ofCHOGM".[39]
Online
editTwo days before the start of the summit, Brazilian presidentLula da Silvaannounced that he would not be attending in person due to a minor brain hemorrhage following a fall. However, he announced he would participate via videoconferencing. Foreign ministerMauro Vieiraled the Brazilian delegation in place of da Silva.[40]
Host invited guests
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Miguel Díaz-Canel,president ofCuba,was invited to the summit but stayed in Cuba due to the2024 Cuba blackout.Aleksandar Vučić,president ofSerbia,could not attend due to a conflicting visit from European Union representatives to Serbia. Both Cuba and Serbia sent representatives to the summit in place of their respective heads of state.[41]
Other attendees
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Controversy
editThe summit sparked significant controversy, particularly surrounding UN Secretary-GeneralAntónio Guterres’s meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Critics, including political scientistAlexander J. Motylin his article published onThe Hill,argue that Guterres’s cordial interaction with Putin, whom the International Criminal Court has charged with war crimes, undermines the moral authority of the United Nations.[69]Motyl and others contend that Guterres’s actions implicitly endorse Putin's aggression in Ukraine, weakening both the UN’s credibility and its position on global justice. Ukrainian journalist Ihor Petrenko echoes this sentiment, condemning Guterres for failing to challenge Putin’s dismissive rhetoric regarding the war.[70]In contrast, scholars like Bahauddin Foizee defend Guterres's engagement with controversial leaders as necessary for maintaining diplomatic channels and fostering peace.[71]Foizee suggests that excluding Russia from international discussions could hinder the UN's broader peace efforts. Meanwhile, Lithuanian leaders, including Prime MinisterIngrida Šimonytėand Foreign MinisterGabrielius Landsbergis,criticized Guterres for perceived moral inconsistency, noting his attendance at the BRICS summit with Putin and Belarusian President Lukashenko despite not attending a Ukraine-focused peace summit in Switzerland earlier.[72]This, they argued, damages Guterres credibility as an impartial mediator. This debate highlights the complex balance between moral leadership and pragmatic diplomacy in a divided global landscape.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^Thehead of governmentof China is thePremier,while thePresidentis legally aceremonial officeand has no real power in China'spolitical system.However, theGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party(top position) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months oftransition,and the currentparamount leaderisXi Jinping.
References
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- ^"Khách ngọn núi sẽ: Gạch vàng quốc gia từ khẩu hiệu chuyển hướng hành động tiến triển như thế nào?".Al Jazeera(in Chinese). 18 October 2024.Retrieved21 October2024.
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- ^Kemelova, Fatima (24 October 2024)."Kazakh President Takes Part in BRICS Summit".The Astana Times.Retrieved25 October2024.
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- ^Bao, Anniek (23 October 2024)."China and Russia's 'profound' ties will not change despite 'turbulent' geopolitical landscape, Xi tells Putin".CNBC.Retrieved23 October2024.
- ^""Greater BRICS cooperation" contributes vitality, wisdom to global governance ".People's Daily Online.22 October 2024.Retrieved24 October2024.
- ^"Xi advocates high-quality development of greater BRICS cooperation".English.news.cn.24 October 2024.Retrieved24 October2024.
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- ^"Putin, Xi discuss payment issues at bilateral talks: Report".Deccan Herald.Retrieved23 October2024.
- ^Farooquee, Meryl Sebastian & Neyaz (24 October 2024)."Brics: What led to Modi and Xi meeting and thaw in India and China ties".BBC Home.Retrieved25 October2024.
- ^"Tập Cận Bình hội kiến Ấn Độ tổng lý mạc địch".Trung Hoa nhân dân nước cộng hoà bộ ngoại giao(in Chinese). 24 October 2024.Retrieved25 October2024.
- ^"BRICS Summit 2024 Highlights: PM Modi, President Xi endorse India-China patrolling agreement".The Hindu.23 October 2024.Retrieved24 October2024.
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- ^Khan, Mohsin (23 October 2024)."Watch".Hindustan Times.Retrieved26 October2024.
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- ^"South Africa sees Russia as a valued ally, Ramaphosa tells Putin".Reuters.22 October 2024.Retrieved22 October2024.
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- ^ab"Pezeshkian, El-Sisi to meet in Kazan, Russia".Mehr News Agency. 20 October 2024.Retrieved21 October2024.
- ^"Meeting with Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed".President of Russia.23 October 2024.Retrieved26 October2024.
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- ^"WAM".
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- ^Post, Kyiv (22 October 2024)."Three Leaders to Skip BRICS Summit in Kazan Despite Putin's Invite".Kyiv Post.Retrieved23 October2024.
- ^"Armenian Prime Minister to attend BRICS summit".ARKA News Agency.22 October 2024.Retrieved22 October2024.
- ^abc"Putin returns to world stage hosting 36 leaders at Brics summit in Russia".The Guardian.23 October 2024.Retrieved23 October2024.
- ^Filippov, Alexey (23 October 2024)."16th BRICS summit. Foreign Minister of Bahrain Abdullatif bin Rashid Alzayani".BRICS 2024 Summit Photobank.Retrieved24 October2024.
- ^"Foreign secretary to lead Bangladesh delegation at BRICS Summit in Kazan".The Business Standard.21 October 2024.Retrieved23 October2024.
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- ^"Menlu Sugiono Bakal Langsung Terbang ke Rusia Hadiri KTT BRICS".detik(in Indonesian). 21 October 2024.Retrieved22 October2024.
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- ^Chanthavong, Namfon (23 October 2024)."Chinese, Lao Presidents Discuss Bilateral Cooperation at BRICS Summit".Laotian Times.Retrieved23 October2024.
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- ^RPT Saudi's MbS will not attend Russia's BRICS summit,retrieved21 October2024
- ^"Vučić neće prisustvovati samitu BRIKS-a, u Kazanj ide Vulin - Vreme".vreme(in Serbian).Retrieved23 October2024.
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- ^Petrenko, Ihor (25 October 2024)."Guterres-Putin meeting sparked condemnation; BRICS summit didn't prioritize war in Ukraine".Insight News.
- ^Foizee, Bahauddin (25 October 2024)."Here's Why UN Secretary-General Joined Putin at BRICS Summit in Russia".Oped Column Syndication.
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Further reading
edit- "BRICS summit: Key takeaways from the Kazan declaration".Reuters.24 October 2024.