2023(MMXXIII) was acommon year starting on Sundayof theGregorian calendar,the 2023rd year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 23rd year of the3rd millenniumand the21st century,and the 4th year of the2020sdecade.
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The year 2023 saw the decline in severity of theCOVID-19 pandemic,with theWHO(World Health Organization) ending itsglobal health emergencystatus in May. Catastrophic natural disasters included thefifth-deadliest earthquake of the 21st centurystrikingTurkeyandSyria,leaving up to 62,000 people dead,Cyclone Freddy– the longest-lasting recorded tropical cyclone inhistoryin theIndian Ocean– leading to over 1,400 deaths inMalawiandMozambique,Storm Daniel,which became the deadliest cyclone worldwide sinceCyclone Nargisafter killing at least 11,000 people inLibya,a major6.8 magnitude earthquakestriking westernMorocco,killing 2,960 people, and a6.3 magnitude quadruple earthquakestriking westernAfghanistan,killing over 1,400 people.
TheRussian invasion of UkraineandMyanmar civil warcontinued in 2023, and aseries ofcoups,several armed conflicts, andpolitical crisesbroke out in numerous African nations, most notably awar in Sudan.TheNagorno-Karabakh conflictended after over 100,000Armeniansfledthe region after anAzeri military invasion.A major escalation of theIsraeli–Palestinian conflictoccurred in October whenHamas,which governs theGaza Strip,leda major attackonIsrael,leading the latter to bothdeclare war on Hamasandinvade the Gaza Strip.The Israeliaerial bombardment campaignkilled 20,000 Palestinians within two months and caused ahumanitarian crisis,leading toallegations of genocidethat formed the basis of anICJ casebrought bySouth Africathat December.
Abanking crisisresulted in the collapse of numerousAmericanregional banks as well as thebuyoutofCredit SuissebyUBSinSwitzerland.The two largest American banks to collapse wereSilicon Valley BankandFirst Republic Bank,two of the three largestbanking collapsesin US history. The most notable of numerous acquisitions in various industries included October's energy acquisitions withExxonMobilandChevronbuyingPioneer Natural ResourcesandHessrespectively, the luxury fashion holding companyTapestry(Coach New YorkandKate Spade New York) announcing its purchase ofCapri Holdings(Michael Kors andVersace), and the closure ofMicrosoft'sacquisitionofActivision Blizzard.
In the realm of technology, 2023 sawthe continued rise of generative AI models,with increasing applications across various industries. These models, leveraging advancements inmachine learningandnatural language processing,had become capable of creating realistic and coherent text, images, and music.An AI arms racebetween private companies has continued since the late 2010s, with Microsoft-backedOpenAIandGoogleownerAlphabettoday most dominant among firms.[1]
Events
January
- January 1–Croatiaadopts theeuroand joins theSchengen Area,becoming the 20th member state of theEurozoneand the 27th member of the Schengen Area. This is the first enlargement of the Eurozone sinceLithuania's entry in2015,and the first enlargement of the Schengen Area sinceLiechtenstein's entry in2011.[2][3]
- January 5– ThefuneralofPope Benedict XVIis held atSt. Peter's Squarein theVatican City.[4]The funeral was attended by an estimated 50,000 people.[5]
- January 8
- The2023 Beninese parliamentary electionis held, with theProgressive Union for Renewalparty winning a plurality of seats.[6]
- Following the2022 Brazilian general electionand the inauguration ofLula da SilvaaspresidentofBrazil,[7][8]supporters of former Brazilian presidentJair Bolsonarostormthe BrazilianNational Congress,theSupreme Federal Courtand thePresidential Palace of Planalto.[9][10]
- January 9–Juliaca massacre:At least 18 people are killed and over 100 others are injured when thePeruvian National Policefire upondemonstrationsinJuliaca.[11]
- January 10–17– Acold snap in Afghanistankills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.[12]
- January 15–Yeti Airlines Flight 691crashes during final approach intoPokhara,Nepal,killing all 72 people on board.[13]
- January 16–Tigray War:AmharanSpecial Forces withdraw from theTigray Regionin line with anAfrican Union-backedpeace agreementbetween theEthiopian governmentand theTigray People's Liberation Front.[14]
- January 17–Nguyễn Xuân Phúcresigns asPresident of Vietnamamid several recent scandals inthe government.[15]
- January 18–A helicopter crashinBrovarynearKyiv,Ukrainekills 14 people includingUkrainian Minister of Internal AffairsDenys Monastyrsky.[16][17][18]
- January 20– TheParliament of Trinidad and Tobagoelectsformersenatepresident, minister and lawyerChristine Kangalooaspresidentin a 48–22 vote.[19]
- January 21
- Burkina FasorequestsFrench forcesto withdraw from its territory after suspending a military accord that allowed the presence of French troops in the country.[20]
- Tigray War:Eritrean forceswithdraw fromShireand other major towns in theTigray RegionofEthiopia.[21]
- January 25–Chris HipkinssucceedsJacinda ArdernasPrime Minister of New Zealand,[22]six days after she announcedher resignation.[23]
- January 27– Widespread unrest erupts inIsraelfollowing anIsraeli militaryraidinJeninthe previous day which killed nine Palestinians. Incendiary air balloons are launched into Israeli-populated areas following it. Israel responds with targeted airstrikes. Later the same day, seven Jewish civiliansare killedin a synagogue inNeve Yaakovin a terrorist attack.[24][25]
- January 27–28– The second round of the2023 Czech presidential electionis held, withPetr Paveldeclared winner.[26]
- January 30
- AJamaat-ul-Ahrarsuicide bombinginside a mosque inPeshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan, kills 84 people and injures over 220 others.[27][28][29]
- Prime Minister of FijiSitiveni Rabukaconfirms thatKiribatiwill rejoin thePacific Islands Forumafter leaving the organization the previous year.[30]
February
- February 1–Lebanese liquidity crisis:Thecentral bankofLebanondevalues theLebanese poundby 90% amid an ongoingfinancial crisis.[31]
- February 2
- IsraelandSudanannounce the finalization of anagreementto normalizerelationsbetween the two countries.[32]
- TheEuropean Central BankandBank of Englandraise their interest rates by 0.5 percentage points to combat inflation, one day after theUS Federal Reserveraises itsfederal funds rateby 0.25 percentage points.[33]
- February 3
- The US announces it is trackingalleged Chinese spy balloonsover the Americas, later announcing that the balloons did not collect any information.[34]One balloon drifts from Yukon toSouth Carolinabefore being shot down the next day, and a second hovers over Colombia and Brazil. This event is followed by subsequentdetections and shootdowns of high-altitude objectselsewhere.[35][36][37]
- ANorfolk Southerntrain carryinghazardous materialsderailsinEast Palestine, Ohio.Multiple train cars burn for more than two days, followed by emergency crews conducting acontrolled burnof several additional cars, releasinghydrogen chlorideandphosgeneinto the atmosphere.[38][39]
- February 4–Cyclone Freddyformsin theIndian Ocean.It would become the longest lastingtropical cyclonein history andcauseover 1,400 deaths and countless injuries and property damage across southeastern Africa.[40]
- February 5– The2023 Cypriot presidential electionis held, withNikos Christodoulideselectedpresident.[41][42]
- February 6– A 7.8Mwwearthquake strikessouthern and centralTurkeyand northern and westernSyriafollowed by a 7.7 Mww aftershock on the same day, causing widespread damage and at more than 59,000 fatalities and 121,000 injured.[43][44][45]
- February 13– The2023 Bangladeshi presidential electionscheduled for 19 February is held, withShahabuddin Chuppuof theAwami League,the only nominated candidate, elected unopposed.[46][47][48][49][50]
- February 14– TheEuropean Parliamentapproves a ban on the sale of new petrol and dieselvehiclesin theEuropean Unionfrom 2035, citing the need to combatclimate change in Europeand promoteelectric vehicles.[51]
- February 16– Lawmakers in theRussianState Dumavote to withdraw Russia from 21 conventions of theCouncil of Europe.[52]
- February 17– TheSouth African Navyhosts a ten-day jointmilitary exercisein theIndian OceanwithRussiaandChina.[53]
- February 19–Libyan Crisis:TheAfrican Unionannounces the organization of apeace conferenceto address the instability inLibya.[54]
- February 21– Vladimir Putin announces that Russia is suspending its participation inNew START,a nuclear arms reduction treaty with the US.[55]
- February 23–Omanopens itsairspacetoIsraeliairlinesfor the first time, in an upgrade ofbilateral relations.[56]
- February 25–2023 Nigerian general election:Bola Tinubuis elected as Nigeria'spresident,defeating formervice presidentAtiku AbubakarandPeter Obi.[57][58]
- February 27– The United Kingdom and the European Union reach anagreementsurrounding modifications to theNorthern Ireland Protocol.[59]
- February 28– Atrain crashinThessaly,Greece,kills 57 people and injures dozens. The crash leads to nationwideprotests and strikesagainst the condition of Greek railways and their mismanagement.[60][61]
March
- March 2– TheNational Assembly of VietnamdeclaresVõ Văn Thưởngas the country's new president after receiving 98.38% votes from the Vietnamese parliament.[62]
- March 4
- UN member states agree on a legal framework for theHigh Seas Treaty,which aims to protect 30% of the world'soceansby 2030.[63][64]
- Kivu conflict:Burundideploys 100troopsto theDemocratic Republic of the Congoto help fightinsurgenciesbymilitias,includingM23.[65]
- March 5– The2023 Estonian parliamentary electionis held, with two centre-right liberal parties gaining an absolute majority for the first time.[66]
- March 8–21– The2023 World Baseball Classicis held in, and won by,Japan.[67]
- March 8–Allied Democratic Forcesjihadist insurgents use machetes tokillabout 35 people in the village of Mukondi,North Kivu,Democratic Republic of the Congo.[68]
- March 10
- The2023 Chinese presidential electionis held with theNational People's Congressunanimously re-electingXi Jinpingas thePresident of the People's Republic of Chinato an unprecedented third term.[69]
- IranandSaudi Arabiaagree to resume diplomatic relations which were severed in 2016, at talks mediated byChina.[70]
- Silicon Valley Bank,the 16th largest bank in the United States,fails,creating then thelargest bank failuresince the2008 financial crisis,affecting companies around the world.[71][72]
- Kivu conflict:Angolaannounces the deployment oftroopsto theDemocratic Republic of the Congo,following the failure of aceasefirebetweengovernment forcesandM23 rebelsinNorth Kivu.[73]
- March 14–OpenAIlaunchesGPT-4,a large language model forChatGPT,which can respond to images and can process up to 25,000 words.[74]
- March 17– TheInternational Criminal Courtissuesan arrest warrantfor Russian presidentVladimir PutinandMaria Lvova-Belova,Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights, marking the first arrest warrant against a leader of apermanent memberof theUnited Nations Security Council.[75][76]
- March 19– In a deal brokered by theSwiss government,investment bankUBSagrees to buyCredit SuisseforCHF3 billion (US$3.2 billion) in an all-stock deal.[77][78][79]
- March 20– TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) releases the synthesis report of itsSixth Assessment Reportonclimate change.[80]
- March 23–World Athletics,the global governing body for athletics, banstrans womenwho have gone through malepubertyfrom competing in female events.[81]
- March 24–27– Atornado outbreakkills at least 26 people in Mississippi and Alabama. This includes aviolent tornadowhich devastated the city ofRolling Forkand the town ofSilver Cityin Mississippi, killing 16 people and injuring 165 others.[82][83]
- March 26
- Hondurasswitches its formaldiplomatic recognition of "China"from theRepublic of Chinato thePeople's Republic of China.[84]
- 2023 Israeli judicial reform protests:Large-scale spontaneous protests erupt across Israel in the wake of Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahufiring his defense minister who criticized the government'sjudicial overhaul plan.[85][86][87]
- March 29
- BrazilandChinasign an agreement to trade in their own currencies, ceasing the usage of theUnited States dollaras an intermediary.[88]
- Burkina Fasoformally resumesdiplomatic relationswithNorth Koreaafter suspending them in 2017.[89]
- March 30– TheInternational Court of Justicerules that theUnited Statesviolated itsTreaty of AmitywithIranwhen it allowed its domestic courts to freeze assets held by Iranian companies.[90]
- March 31–April 1– Ahistoric and widespread tornado outbreakoccurs in the United States, killing 33 people, injuring more than 218 others, and caused over $5.4 billion in damage. This tornado outbreak produced 147 tornadoes, making it the third largesttornado outbreakin history.[91]
April
- April 2
- The2023 Bulgarian parliamentary electionresults in aGERB—SDS–PP–DBcoalitiongovernmentheaded byNikolai Denkovasprime minister,and endstwo years of political deadlock.[92]
- The2023 Montenegrin presidential electionis held, withJakov Milatovićof theEurope Now!movement winning in the second round, becoming the firstpresidentnot from theDPSparty since the introduction of a multi-party system in 1990.[93]
- The2023 Finnish parliamentary electionis held, with the centre-rightNational Coalitionled byPetteri Orporeceiving the most votes.[94]
- The2023 Andorran parliamentary electionis held, with the rulingDemocrats for Andorraled by Prime MinisterXavier Espotwinning the majority of the seats.[95]
- April 4–Finlandbecomes the 31st member ofNATO,doubling the alliance's border with Russia.[96]
- April 5–ClashesbetweenPalestiniansand theIsraeli policehappen atAl-Aqsa MosqueinJerusalem.[97]
- April 10–Two document leaksfrom thePentagondetailing foreign military aid relating to theRussian invasion of Ukraineare leaked onto the Internet.[98]
- April 11–Myanmar civil war:In the village ofPazigyi,at least 165 people are killedby theMyanmar Air Forceduring the opening celebrations of aPeople's Defence Forceadministration office.[99]
- April 14–Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer(JUICE) is launched by theEuropean Space Agency(ESA) to search for life in theJovian system,with an expected arrival date of 2031.[100]
- April 15
- Nuclear power in Germanyends after 50 years, with the closure of the final power plants.[101][102]
- Fightingbreaks out acrossSudanbetween theSudanese Armed Forcesand the paramilitaryRapid Support Forces.The RSF capturesKhartoum International Airport,and thepresidential palaceinKhartoum.[103]
- April 19– At least 90 people are killed and another 322 injured in acrowd crushduring aRamadancharity event inSanaa,Yemen.[104][105]
- April 20–SpaceX's Starshiprocket, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built,launches for the first timein a test flight from Texas. It explodes four minutes after launch.[106]
- April 21– TheGlobal Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans,representing a majority of the global Anglican population, reject the leadership ofArchbishop of CanterburyJustin Welbyas the head of globalAnglicanismover his support forsame-sex marriage.[107]
- April 25– Amass cult suicideis uncovered inShakahola forestinKenya.429 followers of theGood News International Ministriesare found in shallow graves throughout the forest, with over 613 people missing.[108]
- April 29– The2023 Niuean general electionis held and incumbentDalton Tagelagiis re-elected asPremier of Niue.[109]
- April 30
- The2023 Paraguayan general electionis held, with theColorado PartycandidateSantiago Peñabeing thepresident-elect of Paraguay,winning in a plurality.[110]
- The second round of the2023 French Polynesian legislative electionis held; theTāvini Huiraʻatiraparty wins a majority of seats.[111]Moetai Brotherson,Tāvini Huiraʻatira's deputy leader, is electedPresident of French Polynesia.[112]
May
- May 1–2023 banking crisis:San Francisco-basedFirst Republic Bankfails and is auctioned off by the USFDICtoJPMorgan Chasefor $10.7 billion. The collapse surpasses March's collapse of Silicon Valley Bank to become the second largest in US history.[113]
- May 3– Aschool shooting occursinBelgrade,Serbia.[114]Asecond mass murderoccurs the next day nearMladenovacandSmederevo.[115]These events leave 19 people dead, causing the government to increase regulations on gun ownership[116]andmass anti-government proteststo begin.[117]
- May 4– Aseries of floods and landslidesstrikes villages in the easternDemocratic Republic of the Congo,resulting in over 400 deaths.[118]
- May 5– TheWorld Health Organizationends its declaration ofCOVID-19being aglobal health emergency,but continues to refer to it as apandemic.[119][120]
- May 6– Thecoronation of Charles III and CamillaasKingandQueenof theUnited Kingdomand the otherCommonwealth realmsis held inWestminster Abbey,London.[121]
- May 7–Syriais readmitted into theArab Leagueafter being suspended since2011.[122]
- May 9–Cyclone Mochaforms in theIndian Ocean,killing over 400 people and injuring over 700 as it strikesMyanmarandBangladesh.[123]
- May 9–13– TheEurovision Song Contest 2023is held inLiverpool,UK.[124]Swedish contestantLoreenwins with the song "Tattoo".[125]
- May 11– TheWorld Health Organizationends its declaration ofmpoxbeing aglobal health emergency.[126]
- May 14
- The2023 Thai general electionis held, with pro-democratic parties such as theMove ForwardandPheu Thaiparties gaining a majority of seats in theHouse of Representativeswhile pro-military parties such asPalang Pracharatlost seats.[127]
- The49th G7 summittakes place inHiroshima, Japan.Ukrainian presidentVolodymyr Zelenskyyarrives in Japan on the second day of the summit.[128]
- May 21
- TheMay 2023 Greek legislative electionis held; the rulingNew Democracywins a plurality of seats in theHellenic Parliament.Just days later, incumbent prime ministerKyriakos Mitsotakiscalled for another snap election to be held in June.[129][130]
- The2023 East Timorese parliamentary electionis held, with theNational Congress for Timorese ReconstructionandFretilinparties receiving the most votes.[131]Xanana Gusmãois electedPrime Minister of East Timor.[132]
- May 24–CanadaandSaudi Arabiaagree to restore fulldiplomatic relationsafter a breakdown in relations in 2018 over theassassination of Jamal Khashoggi.[133]
- May 25–RussiaandBelarussign an agreement inMinskallowing the stationing of Russiantactical nuclear weaponson Belarusian territory.[134]
- May 27– The second round of the2023 Mauritanian parliamentary electionis held, with the rulingEl Insaf Partyreceiving the most votes.[135]
- May 28– The second round of the2023 Turkish presidential electionis held;Recep Tayyip ErdoğandefeatsKemal Kılıçdaroğluwith 52.18% of the vote to win a third term as president.[136]
- May 31– The2023 Latvian presidential electionis held;Edgars Rinkēvičsis elected thePresident of Latvia.[137]
June
- June 2– Atrain collisioninOdisha,Indiaresults in at least 296 deaths and more than 1,200 others injured.[138]
- June 6
- The2023 Guinea-Bissau legislative electionis held; the coalitionInclusive Alliance Platform – Terra Rankaled by theAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde,wins a majority of seats.[139]
- The2023 Kuwaiti general electionis held;[140]following the annulment of the results of the2022 snap electionsby the Constitutional Court.[141]38 members retained their seats from the annulled 2022 session, while two returned from the dissolved 2020 session. Ten new MPs were elected for the first time.[142]
- Russian invasion of Ukraine:TheNova Kakhovka damin theRussian-controlledregionofKhersonisdestroyed,threatening the region with devastating floodwaters.[143][144]
- Due to smoke fromwildfires in Canada,New York Cityin the United States is declared to have the worst air quality out of any city in the world.[145]
- June 11–Hondurasopens its firstembassyinBeijing,China,after breaking off relations withTaiwanin March.[146]
- June 12–Eritrearejoins theIntergovernmental Authority on Developmenttrade blocafter suspending its membership in 2007.[147]
- June 13– At least 106 people are killed when a wedding boatcapsizeson theNiger RiverinKwara State,Nigeria.[148]
- June 14
- Scientists report the creation of the first synthetichuman embryofromstem cells,without the need forspermoreggcells.[149]
- At least 82 people die and 500 are reported missing after aboat carrying migrantscapsizes off the coast of thePeloponnese.[150]
- June 18–Titansubmersible implosion:All five crew members ofTitan,a deep-seasubmersibleexploring thewreckof theTitanic,are killed following a catastrophic implosion of the vessel.[151]
- June 19
- TheUnited Nations General Assemblyunanimously adopts theHigh Seas Treaty,the firsttreatyaimed towardsmarine conservationininternational waters.[152]
- Qatarand theUnited Arab Emiratesannounce that they will restorediplomatic relationsafter relations were suspended during theQatar diplomatic crisis.[153]
- June 20– At least 46 people are killed aftera riotbetweenMS-13andBarrio 18gang members at a women's prison nearTegucigalpa,Honduras.[154]
- June 23–Russian invasion of Ukraine:TheWagner Group,led byYevgeny Prigozhin,begins an armed conflictwith the Russian military, seizing the city ofRostov-on-Donand portions of theVoronezh Oblastbefore withdrawing the next day, after a peace agreement brokered by Belarusian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko.[155]
- June 25– TheJune 2023 Greek legislative electionis held;Kyriakos Mitsotakisbecomesprime ministerafter hiscentre-rightparty,New Democracy,wins a majority of seats in theGreek parliament.[156]
- June 28– The2023 Sierra Leonean general electionis held;Julius Maada Bioof theSierra Leone People's Partyis re-electedpresident.[157]
- June 30– TheUnited Nations Security Councilvotes unanimously to endMINUSMA,its peacekeeping mission inMali.[158]
July
- July 3
- Indianoil refinersstart payments for Russian oil imports inChinese yuanas an alternative to theUS dollardue to increasingsanctions against Russia.[159]
- In the largest incursion by Israel into theWest Banksince theSecond Intifada,the Israeli militarydeploys ground forces and armed dronesinto theJenin camp,killing 13 and injuring more than 100.An attackclaimed by Hamas as retaliation for the incursion, occurs in Tel Aviv the following day, injuring nine.[160][161]
- July 4–Iranjoins theShanghai Cooperation Organisation,becoming the organization's ninth member.[162]
- July 8– In the Netherlands,the governing coalitioncollapses andPrime MinisterMark Rutteannounces his upcoming resignation.[163]
- July 9
- The2023 Uzbek presidential electionis held;Shavkat Mirziyoyevis re-elected president ofUzbekistan.[164]
- New Zealandsigns afree trade agreementwith theEuropean Union,increasingbilateraltrade.[165]
- July 10
- Chinaand theSolomon Islandssign a cooperation agreement between thePeople's Policeand theRoyal Solomon Islands Police Forcein an upgrade ofbilateralrelations.[166]
- TheEuropean Commissionand theU.S. governmentsign a newdata communicationagreementaimed at resolvinglegal uncertaintiesthat European and American companies face when transferringpersonal data.[167]
- July 13–Pita Limjaroenratfails to becomePrime Minister of Thailandin aNational Assemblyvote after forming a coalition with pro-democracy parties following the2023 Thai general election.[168]
- July 14–SAG-AFTRAannounces it will begina strikeagainst the major film and TV studios in protest of low compensation, ownership of work, andgenerative AI.[169]
- July 19–Typhoon Doksuriforms in the easternPacific Ocean,going on to kill 137 people inSoutheast Asia.[170]
- July 20–August 20– The2023 FIFA Women's World Cupis held inAustraliaandNew Zealand.In thefinal,Spainwins 1–0 againstEngland.[171]
- July 20 –BoliviaandIransign amemorandum of understanding,in an upgrade ofbilateralrelations, expanding cooperation in the security and defense sectors.[172]
- July 21– The filmsBarbieandOppenheimeropen, while being paired as a major internet and cultural event,Barbenheimer.[173][174]
- July 23
- 2023 Greece wildfires:Tens of thousands of tourists fleeRhodes,Greece,amid wildfires and a major heatwave, in what officials say is the largest evacuation in the country's history.[175][176]
- DanishcyclistJonas Vingegaardwins theTour de Franceforthe second consecutive time.[177]
- The2023 Cambodian general electionis held, with the dominantCambodian People's Partyretaining control of every seat in theNational Assembly.[178][179]
- The2023 Spanish general electionis held, with thePeople's Partybecoming the largest party in theCongress of Deputies.[180]
- July 26– PresidentMohamed BazoumofNigeris toppled in acoup d'étatafter members of his presidential guard andthe armed forcesseize control of the country and install GeneralAbdourahamane Tchianias leader of amilitary junta.[181][182]
- July 30– 63 people are killed and over 200 are injured after asuicide bombing occursinKhar, Pakistan;theIslamic State – Khorasan Provinceclaims responsibility for the attack.[183]
August
- August 1–Global warming:The world'soceansreach a new record high temperature of 20.96 °C (69.73 °F), exceeding the previous record in 2016. July is also the hottest month on record for globally averagedsurface air temperaturesby a considerable margin (0.3 °C (32.5 °F)).[184][185][186]
- August 8–2023 Hawaii wildfires:17,000 acres of land are burned and at least 101 people are killed, with two others missing, when a series ofwildfiresbreak out on the island ofMauiinHawaii.[187]
- August 10–Tapestry,the holding company ofCoach New YorkandKate Spade,announces it will acquireMichael Kors'Capri Holdings,which also ownsVersaceandJimmy Choo.[188]
- August 16–21–Hurricane Hilary,a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes theBaja California peninsulaand later causes record flooding inSouthern California.[189]
- August 18–American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact:The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree to sign a trilateral pact.[190]
- August 20–2023 Guatemalan presidential election:After two rounds of voting,Bernardo ArévaloofSemillais elected with 58% of the vote.[191][192]
- August 21
- 2023 Canadian wildfires:68% of theNorthwest Territoriesare forced to evacuate to other parts of the country due to wildfires.[193]
- Saudi Arabiaisaccused of mass killinghundreds of African migrants attempting to cross its border withYemen.[194][195]
- August 22– FormerPrime MinisterThaksin Shinawatrareturns toThailandafter 15 years of political exile.[196]
- August 23
- India'sChandrayaan-3becomes the first spacecraft to land near thesouth poleof theMoon,carrying alunar landernamedVikramand alunar rovernamedPragyan.[197]
- Wagner GroupleaderYevgeny Prigozhin,founderDmitry Utkinand eight others[198][199]are killed when their planecrashesin Russia.[200]
- August 30– Following the announcement of incumbent presidentAli Bongo Ondimba'sreelection asPresidentofGabonafter the2023 presidential election,themilitarylaunchesa successful coup d'étatand creates theCommittee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutionsto govern the country, ending the rule of theBongo familyafter 56 years in power.[201]
- August 31–2023 Johannesburg building fire:77 people are killed and more than 85 are injured in a fire in a building that had been taken over by gangs who rented it out tosquatters.[202][203]
September
- September 1–2023 Singaporean presidential election:Economist and formerdeputy prime ministerTharman Shanmugaratnamis electedpresidentwith a vote share of over 70%.[204]
- September 2– TheIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)successfully launchesAditya-L1,India's first solar observation mission.[205]
- September 8–October 28– The2023 Rugby World Cupis held inFrance.South AfricabeatNew Zealand12–11 in thefinalat theStade de France,claiming their 4th Rugby World Cup title.[206]
- September 8 –2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake:A 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikesMarrakesh–Safiprovince in westernMorocco,killing at least 2,960 people and damaging historic buildings.[207]
- September 9– At the18th G20 summitinNew Delhi,theAfrican Unionis announced as the 21st permanent member of theG20.[208]
- September 10–Storm Daniel,aMediterranean tropical-like cyclone,kills at least 5,000 people, with a further 10,000 to 100,000 reported missing. In the city ofDernainLibya,two damscollapse,resulting in a quarter of the city being destroyed.[209]
- September 14– TheEuropean Central Bank(ECB) raiseseurozoneinterest rates to an all-time high of 4%, amid ongoing inflationary pressures across the continent.[210]
- September 19–Nagorno-Karabakh conflict:Azerbaijanlaunchesa military offensiveagainst theArmenia-backedRepublic of Artsakh,which ends with a swiftAzerbaijanivictory.[211]Protestserupt in Armenia, Artsakh announces the dissolution ofgovernment institutions,and over 100,000 ethnicArmeniansfleeNagorno-Karabakh.[212][213]
- September 20– Archaeologists inZambiafind the world'soldest wooden structure,dating back 476,000 years, consisting of two interlocking wooden logs connected by a notch securing one perpendicular to the other.[214]
- September 21–Rupert Murdochannounces his retirement and passes his businesses on to his sonLachlan.Murdoch ledNews CorpandFox,and formerlySky Group.[215][216]
- September 24–2023 Nigerien crisis:French PresidentEmmanuel Macronannounces that France will end its military presence in Niger and will recall itsambassadorfrom the country.[217]
- September 25– An estimated 170 people are killed and over 300 are injured during aexplosion at a gas stationinStepanakert,Nagorno-Karabakh.[218]
- September 30–2023 Slovak parliamentary election:Smer,under the leadership of former prime ministerRobert Fico,wins a plurality of seats in theNational Council.[219][220]
October
- October 3
- Electedon January 8,[221]Kevin McCarthyis removedasSpeakerof theUnited States House of Representatives,[222]withMike Johnsonbeing electednew Speaker on October 25.[223]
- Sam Bankman-Fried,an American entrepreneur and founder ofcryptocurrency exchangecompanyFTX,isput on trialand later convicted on seven charges offraudandconspiracy.His sentencing is scheduled for March 28, 2024.[224]
- October 5–November 19– The2023 Cricket World Cupis held in India, withAustraliadefeatingIndiain thefinal.[225]
- October 7
- Israel–Hamas war:Hamaslaunchesan incursion intosouthernIsraelfrom theGaza Strip,killing more than 1,100 Israelis and taking about 240 hostages,[226]prompting a military response from theIsrael Defense Forces.[227]Israel launchesnumerous air strikesonLebanonafter rockets are fired byHezbollahand further attempts are made to penetrate Israel.[228]
- A series of earthquakesoccur inHerat ProvinceinAfghanistan,killing over 1,000 people and injuring nearly 2,000, with tremors felt inIranandTurkmenistan.The earthquakes are the deadliest in the country since1998.[229]
- October 8– Israel'sSecurity Cabinetformallydeclares warfor the first time since theYom Kippur Warin 1973.[230]
- October 11–ExxonMobilannounces it will acquirePioneer Natural Resourcesfor $65 billion USD, the first of two major energy industry acquisitions of the month. The second occurs less than two weeks later on 23 October, whereHessannounces it will be acquired byChevronfor $50 billion.[231][232]
- October 13– After British regulators' approval,Microsoftcloses its $68.7 billion USDacquisitionofActivision Blizzard.[233]
- October 14
- 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum:A majority of Australians vote against establishing anAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voicein the constitution.[234][235]
- 2023 New Zealand general election:TheNational Partywins a plurality of seats under leaderChristopher Luxon,while theLabour Partysuffers the worst result for an incumbent ruling party in modern New Zealand history.[236]
- October 15
- In the second round of the2023 Ecuadorian general election,Daniel Noboaof theNational Democratic Actionis elected as the youngest-everPresident of Ecuador.[237]
- 2023 Polish parliamentary election:TheLaw and Justiceparty wins the most seats, but loses its majority,[238][239]with its incumbent presidentMateusz Morawieckibeing succeeded by theCivic Platformparty'sDonald Tuskon 13 December.[240]
- October 17–An explosionoccurs at theAl-Ahli Arab Hospital,where displaced Palestinians are taking refuge. Many fatalities are reported, but estimates vary significantly, from 100 to as many as 471, depending on the source.[241]
- October 22–2023 Swiss federal election:TheSwiss People's Partyretains its majority in theNational Council.[242]
- October 25–Hurricane Otis,aneastern Pacific tropical cyclone,makes landfall inMexiconearAcapulco,leaving at least 80 dead. It is the most powerful Eastern Pacific hurricane to make landfall in Mexico, with the highest winds reaching 165 mph, surpassingHurricane Patricia'slandfall in 2015.[243]
- October 31–IsraelinterceptedaYemeni Houthiballistic missilewith itsArrow 2missile defense system. The interception occurred above Earth's atmosphere above theNegev Desert,making it the first instance ofspace combatin history.[244][245]
November
- November 1– The firstAI Safety Summittakes place in theUnited Kingdom,with 28 countries signing a "world first agreement" on how to manage the riskiest forms ofartificial intelligence.[246][247]
- November 2–The Beatlesrelease "Now and Then",the band's last ever song, featuring restored vocals byJohn Lennon(1940–1980), as well as guitar tracks byGeorge Harrison(1943–2001).[248]
- November 6–Israel–Hamas war:The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 10,000.United NationsSecretary GeneralAntónio Guterrescalls for a humanitarianceasefireto increase the flow of aid to civilians.[249]
- November 7– The PortuguesePrime MinisterAntónio Costaannounces his pending resignation.[250][251]ThePresident of Portugaldecides to dissolve the parliament and call forearly electionsto be held on 10 March 2024.[252]
- November 9– U.S. surgeons atNYU Langone Healthannounce theworld's first whole eye transplant.[253]
- November 10– In theFalepili Uniontreaty,Australiagrants "special"freedom of movementanddefencerights toTuvaluansforresidence and employmentforclimatereasons.[254]
- November 14–17– President Biden hosts theAPEC summitin San Francisco, which Chinese presidentXi Jinpingattends.[255]Both countries, at the conclusion of the summit, agree to re-open suspended channels of military communications and to cooperate in their fight againstclimate change.[256][257]
- November 17– Theglobal average temperaturetemporarily exceeds 2 °C above the pre-industrial average for the first time in recorded history.[258]
- November 19–2023 Argentine presidential election:Following the first round on 22 October 2023,Javier Mileiwins in the second round of the election, assuming office on10 DecemberwithVictoria Villarruelas hisvice president.[259]
- November 20– ABoeing P-8A Poseidonoperated by theUnited States Navyovershotthe runway atMarine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay,Kaneohe,Hawaii. No one died.[260]
- November 22
- Israel and Hamas agree to a four-day ceasefire, the first pause in fighting since 7 October, during which many Israeli hostages will be released, in exchange for Palestinian prisoners.[261]
- 2023 Dutch general election:Far-rightGeert Wilders'Party for Freedom(PVV) wins the most seats.[262]
- November 24–Somaliais admitted as the eighth member of theEast African Community,having applied for membership in 2012.[263]
- November 27– After forming acoalition Governmentwith the right-wingACTandNew Zealand Firstparties,Christopher Luxonis sworn in as the 42ndPrime Minister of New Zealand.[264]The new administration opposes policies promotingMāori cultureand addressing inequity between Māori and non-Māori,[265][266][267]which leads toallegationsof inflaming racial tensions.[268]
- November 30– Brazil announces it will joinOPEC+at a meeting of the organization to discuss oil output strategy in 2024.[269]Brazil is the largest oil producer inSouth America,producing 4.6 million barrels per day of oil and gas.[270]
December
- December 3–2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis:Venezuelavotesin a symbolic referendum on whether voters agreed with creating a subdivision in the disputed territory ofGuayana Esequibacurrently under the control of neighboringGuyana.Analysts say the referendum's practical implications are likely to be minimal.[271]
- December 6–Google DeepMindreleases theGemini Language Model.Gemini will act as afoundational modelintegrated into Google's existing tools, includingSearchandBard.[272]
- December 10–12–2023 Egyptian presidential election:IncumbentPresidentAbdel Fattah el-Sisiwins a third term with 89.6 percent of the vote in the election.[273][274]
- December 12– At theCOP28climate summit inDubai,a consensus is reached for countries to "transition away" from fossil fuels, the first such agreement in the conference's 30-year history. The transition is specifically for energy systems, excluding plastics, transport or agriculture.[275][276]
- December 16–Emir of KuwaitNawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabahdies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by his half-brotherMishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.[277]
- December 17– The2023 Serbian parliamentary electionis held, with theSNS coalition,led byMiloš Vučević,winning 128 of 250 seats in theSerbian National Assembly.[278]
- December 18– A number of shipping companies announce a temporary suspension of their operations in theRed Seadue to continuedattackson vessels byHouthirebels.[279]
- December 20–2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election:IncumbentPresidentFélix Tshisekediwins re-election, defeating two major challengers.[280]
- December 21
- TheEuropean Court of Justicerules that threats byFIFAandUEFAto sanctionfootball clubsthat wish to join theEuropean Super Leagueare unlawful.[281]
- Thedeadliest mass shootingin theCzech Republic's history occurs at a Prague university, with 15 killed and 25 others wounded.[282]
- December 22–Israel–Hamas war:The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 20,000, almost 1 percent of its population and surpassing the casualties in the1948 Arab–Israeli War.[283]
- December 29
- Russian invasion of Ukraine:Russialaunchesthe largest wave ofdronesandmissilesonUkrainiancities since the start of the war in a overnight assault, killing at least 39 people and injuring at least 160 others.[284][285]Ukrainelaunchesa drone assault the following day, killing at least 21 people, including three children, and injuring 110 others, including 17 children.[286][287][288]
- Agenocide case against Israelis brought towards the International Court of Justice bySouth Africafor Israel'sinvasionand subsequentbombardmentof theGaza Strip,and its role in the subsequenthumanitarian crisis.[289][290]
- December 31–Queen Margrethe IIofDenmarkannouncesher abdicationeffective January 14, 2024, after 52 years on the throne.[291]
Demographics
Theworld populationon January 1, 2023 was estimated at 7.943 billion people,[292]and was expected to increase to 8.119 billion on January 1, 2024.[293]An estimated 134.3 million births and 60.8 million deaths were expected to take place in 2023.[294][295]The average globallife expectancywas 73.16 years,[296]an increase of 0.18 years from 2022.[296]The rate ofchild mortalitywas by the end of the year, expected to have decreased from 2022. Less than 23% of people were living inextreme poverty(on or below theinternational poverty line), a decrease from 2022. In April,IndiasurpassedChinaas the most populated country in the world.[297]
Best-selling media
- The best-selling video game in 2023 wasHogwarts Legacy.[298]
- The highest-grossing movie in 2023 wasBarbie.[299]
- The best-selling book in 2023 wasIt Ends with Us,which was published in 2016. Of the books to be published in 2023,Sparewas the best-selling.[300][301]
Deaths
Nobel Prizes
- Chemistry–Moungi Bawendi,Louis E. Brus&Alexey Ekimov,for the discovery and synthesis ofquantum dots.[302]
- Economics–Claudia Goldin,for her empirical research into female income and employment.[303]
- Literature–Jon Fosse,for his innovative plays, prose and style, which has come to be known as Fosse minimalism.[304]
- Peace–Narges Mohammadi,for her works on the promotion offeminism.[305]
- Physics–Pierre Agostini,Ferenc Krausz&Anne L'Huillier,for experimental methods that generateattosecondpulses of light for the study ofelectrondynamics in matter.[306]
- Physiology or Medicine–Katalin Karikó&Drew Weissman,for their discoveries concerningnucleosidebase modificationsthat enabled the development of effectivemRNA vaccinesagainstCOVID-19.[307]
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