The4MV planetary probe(short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used forSovietunmannedprobesto Mars and Venus.
 Mars-6, a 3MP version of the 4MV bus. | |||
| Manufacturer | NPO Lavochkin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country of origin | Soviet Union | ||
| Operator | Soviet Space Program | ||
| Specifications | |||
| Power | 2 Solar arrays (Mars,Venera) 4 Solar arrays (Astron,Granat) | ||
| Production | |||
| Operational | 1971-1989
Engines: | ||
| |||
It was an incremental improvement of earlier3MVprobes and was used forMars missions2 to 7 andVenera missions9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2.[1][2]The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.[3]
Design
editThe spacecraft bus has a height of 2.8 meters (9 ft 2 in) and a solar panel span of 6.7 meters (22 ft). The central section of the bus has a diameter of about one meter (3 ft 3 in) and contained propellant. The main engine (KTDU-425) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of 2.35 meters (7 ft 9 in) at the base.[4]While Mars 2,3 and Kosmos 419 used the KTDU-425, 4MV buses after 1971 used the KTDU-425A).[5]
Variants
edit- MarsM-71|3MS:Kosmos 419(M-71|3MS No.170),Mars 2(M-71 No.171),Mars 3(M-71 No.172)[6]
- MarsM-73|3MS|3MP:Mars 4(M-73|3MS No.52S),Mars 5(M-73|3MS No.53S),Mars 6(M-73|3MP No.50P),Mars 7(M-73|3MP No.51P)[7][8]
- Venera4V-1:Venera 9(4V-1 No.660),Venera 10(4V-1 No.661),Venera 11(4V-1 No.360),Venera 12(4V-1 No.361),Venera 13(4V-1M No.760),Venera 14(4V-1M No.761)[1][2]
- Astron:Astron[9]
- Venera4V-2:Venera 15(4V-2 No.860),Venera 16(4V-2 No.861)[10]
- Granat:Granat[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ab"Venera 9, 10, 11, 12 (4V1 #1, 2, 3, 4)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^ab"Venera 13, 14 (4V1M #1, 2)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"4MV".astronautix.Archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2023.
- ^"Venera-9 and 10".russianspaceweb.
- ^"KTDU-425".astronautix.Archived fromthe originalon December 28, 2016.Retrieved2022-04-17.
- ^"Mars 2, 3 (Mars M71 #1, #2, #3)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"Mars 4, 5 (Mars M73 Orbiter #1, #2)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"Mars 6, 7 (Mars M73 Lander #1, #2)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"Astron 1".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"Venera 15, 16 (4V2 #1, 2)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.
- ^"Granat (Astron 2)".Gunter's Space Page.Retrieved2023-09-25.