1780(MDCCLXXX) was aleap year starting on Saturdayof theGregorian calendarand aleap year starting on Wednesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1780th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 780th year of the2nd millennium,the 80th year of the18th century,and the 1st year of the1780sdecade. As of the start of 1780, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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Events
editJanuary–March
edit- January 16–American Revolutionary War–Battle of Cape St. Vincent:British AdmiralSir George Rodneydefeats a Spanish fleet.
- February 19– The legislature of New York votes to allow its delegates to cede a portion of its western territory to the Continental Congress for the common benefit of the war.[1]
- March 1– The legislature ofPennsylvaniavotes, 34 to 21, to approveAn Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery.[2]
- March 11
- TheFirst League of Armed Neutralityis formed byRussiawithDenmarkandSwedento try to prevent the BritishRoyal Navyfrom searching neutral vessels for contraband (February 28O.S.).
- GeneralLafayetteembarks onFrench frigateHermioneatRochefort,arriving inBostononApril 28,carrying the news that he has secured French men and ships to reinforce the American side in theAmerican Revolutionary War.
- March 17–American Revolutionary War:The BritishSan Juan Expeditionsails from Jamaica under the command of Captains John Polson andHoratio Nelsonto attack theCaptaincy General of Guatemala(modern-day Nicaragua) inNew Spain.
- March 26– TheBritish Gazette and Sunday Monitor,the first Sunday newspaper in Britain, begins publication.
April–June
edit- April 16– TheUniversity of MünsterinMünster,North Rhine-Westphalia,Germany is founded.
- April 29–American Revolutionary War:The Spanish commander of theFortress of the Immaculate Conceptionon theSan Juan Riverin modern-day Nicaragua surrenders it to the BritishSan Juan Expedition.
- May 4– The firstEpsom Derbyhorse race is run on Epsom Downs,Surrey,England.[3]The victor isDiomed.[4]
- May 12–American Revolutionary War:Charleston, South Carolinais taken by British forces after44 days of siege.
- May 13– TheCumberland Compactis signed by American settlers, in the Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.
- May 19–New England's Dark Day:An unaccountable darkness spreads overNew England,regarded by some observers as a fulfillment ofBibleprophecy.[5][6]
- May 29– American Revolutionary War –Waxhaw Massacre:Loyalistforces under ColonelBanastre Tarletonkill surrenderingAmericansoldiers.
- June 2– AnAnti-Catholicmob led byLord George Gordonmarches on theParliament of Great Britain,leading to the outbreak of theGordon RiotsinLondon.[4]
- June 7– TheGordon Riotsin London are ended by the intervention of troops. About 285 people are shot dead, with another 200 wounded and around 450 arrested.
- June 23–American Revolutionary War–Battle of Springfield:TheContinental Armydefeats the British inNew Jersey.
July–September
edit- July 11– French soldiers arrive in Newport, Rhode Island to reinforce the colonists, in theAmerican Revolutionary War.[7]
- July 17– The first bank created in the United States, the Bank of Pennsylvania, is chartered.[2]
- August 9–American Revolutionary War:SpanishadmiralLuis de Córdova y Córdovacapturesa Britishconvoytotalling 55 vessels amongstIndiamen,frigatesand other cargo ships offCape St. Vincent.[8][9]
- August 16–American Revolutionary War–Battle of Camden:British troops inflict heavy losses on a Patriot army atCamden, South Carolina.
- August 24–Louis XVI of Franceabolishes the use of torture in extracting confessions.
- September 21–Benedict Arnoldgives detailed plans ofWest Pointto MajorJohn André.Three days later, André is captured, with papers revealing that Arnold was planning to surrender West Point to the British.
- September 25–Benedict Arnoldflees to British-held New York.
- September 29– The Danish ship-of-the-linePrintz Friderichruns aground on theKobbergrundshoal and is a total loss
October–December
edit- October 2–American Revolutionary War:In Tappan, New York,BritishspyJohn Andréis hanged by American forces.
- October 7–American Revolutionary War:Battle of Kings Mountain:Patriotmilitia forces annihilateLoyalistsunder British MajorPatrick Ferguson,at Kings Mountain, South Carolina.
- October 10–16– TheGreat Hurricaneflattens the islands ofBarbados,MartiniqueandSint Eustatius;22,000 are killed.
- November 4–Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II:In the SpanishViceroyalty of Peru,Túpac Amaru IIleads an uprising ofAymaraandQuechua peoplesandmestizopeasants as a protest against theBourbon Reforms.
- November 28– A lightning strike inSaint Petersburgbegins a fire that burns 11,000 homes.[10]
- November 29–Maria Theresa of Austriadies in Vienna after 40 years of rule, and herHabsburgdominions pass to her ambitious son,Joseph II,who has already beenHoly Roman Emperorsince1765.
- November 30–American Revolutionary War:The BritishSan Juan Expeditionis forced to withdraw.
- December 14–Alexander HamiltonmarriesElizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
- December 16–Emperor Kōkakuaccedes to the throne of Japan.
- December 20– TheFourth Anglo-Dutch Warbegins.[11]
Date unknown
edit- Jose Gabriel Kunturkanki, businessman and landowner, proclaims himself IncaTúpac Amaru II.
- TheDuke of Richmondcalls, in theHouse of Lordsof Great Britain, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments, which are rejected.
- Jeremy Bentham'sIntroduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation,presenting his formulation ofutilitarian ethics,is printed (but not published) in London.
- Nikephoros Theotokisstarts introducingEdinoverie,an attempt to integrate theOld BelieversintoRussia's established church.
- TheWoodford Reservebourbon whiskeydistillerybegins operation inKentucky.
- In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become anexecutioner(she retires in1810).
- TheJameson Irish Whiskeydistillery is founded in Dublin, Ireland.
- The originalCraven Cottageis built byWilliam Craven, 6th Baron Craven,in London, on what will become the centre circle ofFulham F.C.'s pitch.
- The amateur dramatic groupDet Dramatiske Selskabis founded inChristiania,Norway.
- Western countries pay 16,000,000 ounces of silver for Chinese goods.
- TheKingdom of Great Britainreaches c.9 million population.
Births
edit
- January 13–Pierre Jean Robiquet,French chemist (d.1840)
- January 14–Henry Baldwin,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1844)[12]
- February 1–David Porter,American naval officer (d.1843)
- February 3–Mihail G. Boiagi,Aromanian grammarian and professor (d. uncertain)[13]
- February 19–Richard McCarty,American politician (d.1844)
- February 25–John Sumner,Archbishop of Canterbury(d.1862)
- March 25–Joseph Ritner,American politician (d.1869)
- March 29–Jørgen Jørgensen,Danish adventurer (d.1841)
- April 7–William Ellery Channing,influential American Unitarian theologian and minister (d.1842)
- April 26–Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert,German naturalist (d.1860)
- April 29–Charles Nodier,French author (d.1844)
- May 1–John McKinley,American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d.1852)
- May 21–Elizabeth Fry,British humanitarian (d.1845)
- May 29–Henri Braconnot,French chemist, pharmacist (d.1855)
- June 1–Carl von Clausewitz,Prussian military strategist (d.1831)
- July 4–Sofia Hjärne,Finnish baroness, writer (d.1860)
- July 5–François Carlo Antommarchi,French physician (d.1838)
- July 15–Emilie Petersen,Swedish philanthropist (d.1859)
- July 27–Anastasio Bustamante,4thPresident of Mexico(d.1853)
- August 29
- Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,French painter (d.1867)
- Richard Rush,United States Attorney GeneralunderJames Madison,United States Secretary of the Treasuryunder PresidentJohn Quincy Adams(d.1859)
- October 20–Pauline Bonaparte,Italian noblewoman (d.1825)
- October 28–Ernst Anschütz,German teacher, organist, poet, and composer (d.1861)
- November 13–Ranjit Singh,Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire), (d.1839)[14]
- December 13–Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner,German chemist (d.1849)
- December 26–Mary Fairfax Somerville,British mathematician (d.1872)
Date unknown
edit- James Justinian Morier,British diplomat and novelist (d.1849)
- Manuela Medina,Mexican national heroine (d.1822)
- Elizabeth Philpot,British paleontologist (d.1857)
- Jahonotin Uvaysiy,Uzbek Sufi poet (d.1845)
Deaths
edit
- January 13–Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,Prussian princess (b.1722)
- January 15–Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli,Swiss agronomist (b.1716)
- February 10–Samuel Egerton,British Member of Parliament (b.1711)
- February 14–William Blackstone,English jurist (b.1723)
- February 17–Andreas Felix von Oefele,German historian, librarian (b.1706)
- February 18–Kristijonas Donelaitis,Lithuanian poet (b.1714)
- March 17–Elizabeth Butchill,English woman executed for the murder of her newborn child (b. c.1758)
- March 26–Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel(b.1713)
- April 5–Ulrika Strömfelt,Swedish courtier (b.1724)
- May 18–Charles Hardy,British governor of Newfoundland (b. c.1714)
- May 21–Thomas Townshend (MP),British politician (b.1701)
- June 3–Thomas Hutchinson,American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b.1711)
- July 4–Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine,Austrian military leader (b.1712)
- July 14–Charles Batteux,French philosopher (b.1713)
- July 18–Gerhard Schøning,Norwegian historian (b.1722)
- July 21–Louis Legrand,French Sulpician priest and theologian (b.1711)
- August 3–Étienne Bonnot de Condillac,French philosopher (b.1715)
- August 19–Johann de Kalb,Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War(b.1721)
- August 29–Jacques-Germain Soufflot,French architect (b.1713)
- September 4–John Fielding,English magistrate, social reformer (b.1721)
- September 6–Françoise Basseporte,French painter (b.1701)
- September 8
- Enoch Poor,American Revolutionary general (b.1736)
- Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont,French writer (b.1711)
- September 15–Jacob Rodrigues Pereira,academic, first teacher of deaf-mutes in France (b.1715)
- September 19–James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury,England (b.1713)
- September 23–Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand,French salon holder (b.1697)
- October 2–John André,British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War (executed) (b.1750)
- October 17–William Cookworthy,English chemist (b.1705)
- November 26–Sir James Steuart,Scottish economist (b.1712)[15]
- November 29– EmpressMaria Theresa of Austria(b.1717)[16]
- December 12–Jakab Fellner,Hungarian architect (b.1722)
- December 26–John Fothergill,English physician (b.1712)
- date unknown–Thomas Dilworth,British cleric and writer
References
edit- ^Lossing, Benson John; Wilson, Woodrow, eds. (1910).Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A.D. to 1909.New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 166.
- ^abFerguson, Russell J. (1938).Early Western Pennsylvania Politics.p. 34.
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.333.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^abPenguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN0-14-102715-0.
- ^Facts for the Times: Containing Historical Extracts, Candid Admissions, and Important Testimony from Eminent Authors, Ancient and Modern on the Leading Topics of the Scriptures and Signs of the Times.Review and Herald Publishing. 1893. p. 66.
- ^Juster, Susan (2010).Doomsayers: Anglo-American Prophecy in the Age of Revolution.University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 223.
- ^"Timeline of the American Revolutionary War".Independence Hall. Archived fromthe originalon May 30, 2007.RetrievedJune 1,2007.
- ^Hattendorf, John (2000).Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future.Taylor & Francis. p. 37.ISBN0-7146-8054-0.
- ^Harbron, John (1988).Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy.Conway Maritime Press. p. 84.ISBN0-85177-477-6.
- ^Walford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great".The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance.C. and E. Layton. p. 59.
- ^Edler, Friedrich (2001) [1911].The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution.Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. pp. 163–166.ISBN0-89875-269-8.
- ^Hannan, Caryn (January 1, 2008).Connecticut Biographical Dictionary.State History Publications. pp. 59–61.ISBN978-1-878592-59-0.
- ^Lala, Tașcu (February 2, 2022)."Mihail G. Boiagi (03.02.1780 - 1828)"(in Aromanian).Radio Romania International.Archived fromthe originalon March 29, 2024.
- ^"Shere-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839 AD) (A brief account)".Chandigarh: Institute of Sikh Studies.RetrievedOctober 10,2012.
- ^"Sir James Steuart Denham, 4th Baronet | Scottish economist | Britannica".britannica.RetrievedMay 31,2022.
- ^"Maria Theresa | Biography, Facts, Accomplishments, & Children | Britannica".britannica.RetrievedMay 4,2022.
Further reading
edit- John Blair;J. Willoughby Rosse (1856)."1780".Blair's Chronological Tables.London:H.G. Bohn.hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n– via Hathi Trust.