Wikipedia

AK-630

TheAK-630is aSovietand Russian fully automatic naval,rotary cannon,close-in weapon system.The "630" designation refers to the weapon's six gun barrels and their30 mm caliber.

AK-630
One of two AK-630M installations on the former East-German shipHiddensee
TypeClose-in weapon system
Rotary cannon
Place of originSoviet Union,Russia
Service history
In service1976–present[1][2]
Used bySeeOperators
Production history
DesignerDeveloper:
TsKIB SOO(Mikhail Knebelman;[1][3]
Vasily Bakalev(AK-630M1-2))[4]
Cannon:
KBP Instrument Design Bureau
(Vasily Gryazev,Arkady Shipunov)[1]
Fire control system:
Zavod Topaz(V. P. Yegorov):[1][5]
Vympel MR-123,
Vympel-A MR-123/176
Ametist Design Bureau:[1]
Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03,
Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176
Designed1963–1973 (AK-630)[1]
1983–1989 (1993) (AK-630M1-2)[6]
ManufacturerTulamashzavod,[1]Ordnance Factory Board
Produced1972–present[5]
No.builtMore than 1000[2]
VariantsAK-630M, AK-630M1;
AK-306(non-CIWS);
AK-630M1-2, AK-630M-2 Duet
Specifications
MassGun mount:
1,000 kg (2,200 lb) (AK-630)[1]
1,800 kg (4,000 lb) (AK-630M)[1][7]
2,500 kg (5,500 lb) (AK-630M-2)[1]
External nodes:
800 kg (1,800 lb) (AK-630)[1]
2000 rounds in belt:
1,918 kg (4,228 lb)[1]
Fire control system:
?(Vympel MR-123)
?(Vympel-A MR-123/176)
5.2 tonnes (5.7 short tons)
(Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03
and Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176)[1]
1 tonne (2,200 lb) (Laska 5P-10E)[1]
Barrellength1,629 mm (64 in) (total)[1]
1,460 mm (57 in) (rifled)[1]
Width1,240 mm (49 in) (mount ring)[1]
Height1,070 mm (42 in) (above deck)[1]
2,050 mm (81 in) (below deck)[1]
Crew1
ShellHEI-Frag,Frag-T[1]
Shellweight0.39 kg (0.86 lb)[1]
Caliber30×165mm AO-18[N 1]
Barrels6 (AK-630M)
6 (× 2) (AK-630M1-2)
ActionGas-operatedrotary cannon
Elevation+88°... -12° (50°/sec)[1]
+90°... -25° (60°/sec) AK-630M-2[8]
Traverse±180° (70°/sec)[1]
±180° (80°/sec) AK-630M-2[8]
Rate of fire4,000–5,000 rounds/min (AK-630M)[7]
10,000 rounds/min (AK-630M1-2)[6]
Muzzle velocity880–900 m/s (2,900–3,000 ft/s)[1]
Effective firing range4,000 m (13,000 ft) (aerial)[1]
5,000 m (16,000 ft) (maritime)[1]
5,000 m (16,000 ft) (all, AK-630M-2)[9]
Maximum firing rangethe projectiles self-destruct past 5,000 m (16,000 ft) range[1]
Feed systemBelt:
2,000 rounds (additional 1,000 rounds in reserve feed bin, AK-630M)[10]
4,000 rounds (AK-630M1-2)[1]
SightsRadar / TV-optical
Main
armament
1 or 2AO-18autocannons
Secondary
armament
49A4172missiles (Vikhr-K upgrade)[11]

The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR-123fire-control radarand television detection and tracking. The weapon's primary purpose is defense against aircraft and helicopters. As one of the tried-and-true CIWS systems available, effectiveness againstanti-ship missileshas been demonstrated over the years in exercises,[12]making it the staple anti-air weapon of most Soviet naval vessels.

The AK-630 can also be employed against ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. Once operational, the system was rapidly adopted and installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine-hunters to aircraft carriers) with up to eight units on larger vessels; hundreds have been produced in total.

Description

edit
MR-123 fire-control radar on the Soviet aircraft carrierMinsk

The complete weapon system is calledA-213-Vympel-A,which comprises the AK-630M Gun Mount, MR-123-02 Fire-Control Radar System, and SP-521 Electrical-Optical Tracker. A single MR-123 radar system can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at 4 and 5 kilometres (2.5 and 3.1 mi) respectively. The electro-optical system can detect a MiG-21–sized aerial target 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away, while torpedo boat–sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to 70 kilometres (43 mi). Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian navy ships from fast attack boats to theKirov-classbattlecruiser.[citation needed]

Kolonka fire-control system

The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older)CIWSmodels. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence (last) layer. However, like all gun-based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat.[citation needed]

Development

edit
Coastal based AK-630 ofIndian Navyduring firing drill

The AK-630CIWShas several versions and sometimes theKashtan CIWS's sub-systems and its derivatives are also included.

AK-630

edit

The design of the AK-630CIWSwas initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, includingradarand controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service.[13]

AK-630M

edit

During the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK-630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK-630M and was accepted into service.[citation needed]

AK-306

edit
AK-306 in front of AK-630M

A derivative of AK-630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK-306. Externally, the air-cooled AK-306 can be distinguished from the AK-630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK-630). Internally, the AK-306 (A-219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti-missile weapon and more of a surface-to-surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed fromA-213-Vympel-AtoA-219.The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service.[14]

AK-630M1-2

edit

In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK-630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK-630M1-2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK-630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK-630M1-2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later calledKashtan.The single example of AK-630M1-2 Roy remains installed on theProject 206.6 class missile boat# P-44.[citation needed]

AK-630M2

edit

In July 2007 at IMDS-2007, a modernized version of the AK-630M1-2 called AK-630M2 with two AO-18KD rotary cannons was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK-630 mounts.[15]

In 2012 it was announced that the newIvan Gren-class landing shipwould be armed with the modified AK-630M2 system.[16]It is also used by theBuyan-M-class missile corvette.[17]

H/PJ-13

edit
H/PJ-13 (NG-18)

H/PJ-13is the Chinese upgraded version of AK-630M. The most obvious visual difference between AK-630 and its Chinese cousin H/PJ-13 is that the latter has a stealth turret.[18]Instead of MP-123-02 fire-control radar originally used on AK-630M, a modified version ofType 347 radaris used.[18]The original electro-optical system of AK-630M is also replaced by domestic Chinese system ZGJ-1B,[18]and the fire control system is replaced by domestic Chinese ZFJ-1A fire control system.[18]To improve its anti-missile capability, Chinese have also developedAPDSround for H/PJ-13 to supplement/replace the original high explosive round of the AK-630M.[18]

Kamand

edit

The Kamand is an Iranian CIWS based on AK-630 to counter anti-ship missiles and low flying aircraft. The Kamand gun system is able to hit airborne targets at a range of two kilometres firing projectiles at a rate of 4,000 to 7,000 rounds per minute. The said system is installed on some Iranian naval ships likeAlborzandSahandfrigates.[19]

Comparison with current CIWS

edit
Comparison of some modern CIWS
AK-630[20] AK-630M1-2[6] Phalanx CIWS[21] Goalkeeper CIWS DARDO[22]
Weight 9,114 kg (20,093 lb) 11,819 kg (26,056 lb) 6,200 kg (13,700 lb, incl. in-built radars) 9,902 kg (21,830 lb) 5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
Armament 30 mm (1.2 in) 6-barrelGSh-6-30rotary cannon 2 × 30 mm (1.2 in) 6-barrelGSh-6-30rotary cannon 20 mm (0.79 in) 6-barrelM61 Vulcanrotary cannon 30 mm (1.2 in) 7-barrelGAU-8rotary cannon 40 mm (1.6 in) 2-barrelBofors 40 mm
Rate of Fire 5,000 rounds per minute 10,000 rounds per minute 4,500 rounds per minute 4,200 rounds per minute 600/900 rounds per minute (optionally: proximity-fuse rounds)
(effective/ flat-trajectory) Range 4,000 m (13,000 ft) 4,000 m (13,000 ft) 2,600 m (8,500 ft) 3,500 m (11,500 ft) 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Ammunition storage 2,000 rounds 4,000 rounds 1,550 rounds 1,190 rounds 736 rounds
Muzzle velocity 900 m (3,000 ft) per second 900 m (3,000 ft) per second 1,100 m (3,600 ft) per second 1,109 m (3,638 ft) per second 1,000 m (3,300 ft) per second
Elevation −12 to +88 degrees −25 to +90 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −25 to +85 degrees −13 to +85 degrees
Traverse ±180 degrees ±180 degrees ±150 degrees 360 degrees 360 degrees

Operators

edit
Map of AK-630 operators in blue with former operators in red

Current operators

edit

Former operators

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
Notes
  1. ^Not compatible with the army 30×165mm ammunition – different primers, powder sorts and loads, and fuzes are used.
Citations
  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafag"30 mm AK-630 System".MilitaryRussia.ru(in Russian). 19 January 2009 – 4 July 2010.Archivedfrom the original on 21 May 2013.Retrieved22 March2013.
  2. ^abАК-630, корабельная автоматическая 30-мм артиллерийская шестиствольная установка.Arms-Expo.ru(in Russian). Информационное агентство «Оружие России». Archived fromthe originalon December 31, 2012.Retrieved31 March2013.
  3. ^"Mikhail Samoilovich Knebelman (1910–1999)"(in Russian).KBP Instrument Design Bureau.2010.Archivedfrom the original on 12 January 2016.Retrieved22 March2013.
  4. ^Shirokorad, Aleksandr (30 December 2011).От артустановки АК-230 до серий АК-630 и АК-630М.Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye(in Russian).Archivedfrom the original on 19 July 2012.Retrieved23 March2013.
  5. ^ab"30 mm Six-barrel Automatic Systems AK-630 and AK-630M".История современной зенитной ПВО России(in Russian).Archivedfrom the original on 30 July 2014.Retrieved22 March2013.
  6. ^abc"30 mm AK-630M1-2 / AK-630M-2 System".MilitaryRussia.ru(in Russian). 13 March 2009 – 13 July 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2012.Retrieved23 March2013.
  7. ^ab"30-mm AUTOMATIC GUN MOUNT AK-630М".Tulamashzavod. Archived fromthe originalon 24 August 2012.Retrieved23 March2013.
  8. ^ab"AK-630M-2 Duet CIWS".YouTube.Archivedfrom the original on 9 December 2014.Retrieved26 November2014.
  9. ^"10000 выстрелов в минуту".Voyennaya Taina(in Russian). 16 April 2011. 3:20 [35:30] minutes in.REN TV.Archivedfrom the original on 8 May 2016.Retrieved20 November2016.
  10. ^"CIWS: The Last Ditch Defense"(PDF).Archived(PDF)from the original on 2017-07-29.Retrieved2017-07-15.
  11. ^"Вихрь-К", корабельный высокоточный зенитный ракетно-артиллерийский комплекс.Arms-Expo.ru(in Russian). Информационное агентство «Оружие России». Archived fromthe originalon 25 April 2012.Retrieved30 March2013.
  12. ^"Russian Navy warships shoot down 8 cruise missiles in Arctic drills".TASS.Retrieved2023-07-26.
  13. ^"Born in the USSR: Russia's most vicious Soviet mini-artillery guns - Russia Beyond".13 March 2018.
  14. ^"The 30mm light-weight automatic gun mount AK-306 | Catalog Rosoboronexport".
  15. ^"The 30mm twin automatic shipborne gun mount AK-630M-2 | Catalog Rosoboronexport".
  16. ^Glukhov, Dmitry (15 March 2012).Технический облик десантного корабля "Иван Грен" не определен.ФлотПром(in Russian). Центральный Военно-Морской Портал.Archivedfrom the original on 6 March 2013.Retrieved23 March2013.
  17. ^Russian Navy Latest Buyan-M Corvette Vyshny Volochek Started Sea TrialsArchived2017-09-07 at theWayback Machine- Navyrecognition, 7 September 2017
  18. ^abcde"H/PJ-13".Archivedfrom the original on September 5, 2017.RetrievedSeptember 5,2017.
  19. ^abArchus, Dorian (2019-12-04)."Iranian Alvand Class Frigate Equipped with Indigenous CIWS - Naval Post- Naval News and Information".Retrieved2023-07-02.
  20. ^abcdefg"AK-630 Gatling Gun Close in Weapon System".Indian-Military.org.12 March 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 15 March 2010.
  21. ^Dan Petty."The US Navy -- Fact File".U.S. Navy.Archivedfrom the original on 4 November 2014.Retrieved26 November2014.
  22. ^"Italy 40 mm/70 (1.57" ) Breda ".navweaps.Archivedfrom the original on 2 January 2015.Retrieved26 November2014.
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related toAK-630 CIWS.
English
Russian
Video
  • "пскр нева. артилерия к бою"onYouTube.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AK-630&oldid=1220375546"