TheAmerican Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization Tables for Russian,or theLibrary of Congress system,are a set of rules for theromanizationofRussian-languagetext fromCyrillic scripttoLatin script.
TheALA-LC Romanization tablescomprise a set of standards forromanizationof texts in various languages, written in non-Latin writing systems. These romanization systems are intended for bibliographic cataloguing, and used in US and Canadian libraries, by the British Library since 1975,[1]and in many publications worldwide.
The romanization tables were first discussed by the American Library Association in 1885,[2]and published in 1904 and 1908,[3]including rules for romanizing some languages written in Cyrillic script:Church Slavic,Serbo-Croatian, and Russian in thepre-reformAlpha bet.[4]Revised tables including more languages were published in 1941,[5]and a since-discontinued version of the entire standard was printed in 1997.[6]The system for Russian remains virtually unchanged from 1941 to the latest release, with the current Russian table published online in 2012.[7]
The formal, unambiguous version of the system requires some diacritics andtwo-letter tie characterswhich are often omitted in practice.
The table below combines material from the ALA-LC tables for Russian (2012)[8]and, for some obsolete letters, Church Slavic (2011).[9]
| Russian letter |
Romanization |
Examples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| А | а | A | a | Азов =Azov Тамбов = Tambov |
| Б | б | B | b | Барнаул =Barnaul Кубань = Kubanʹ |
| В | в | V | v | Владимир =Vladimir Ульяновск = Ulʹi͡anovsk |
| Г | г | G | g | Грозный =Groznyĭ Волгодонск = Volgodonsk |
| Д | д | D | d | Дзержинский =Dzerzhinskiĭ Нелидово = Nelidovo |
| Е | е | E | e | Елизово =Elizovo Чебоксары = Cheboksary |
| Ё | ё | Ë | ë | Ёлкин =Ëlkin Озёрный = Ozërnyĭ |
| Ж | ж | Zh | zh | Жуков =Zhukov Лужники = Luzhniki |
| З | з | Z | z | Звенигород =Zvenigorod Вязьма = Vi͡azʹma |
| И | и | I | i | Иркутск =Irkutsk Апатиты = Apatity |
| Й | й | Ĭ | ĭ | Йошкар-Ола =Ĭoshkar-Ola Бийск = Biĭsk |
| К | к | K | k | Киров =Kirov Енисейск= Eniseĭsk |
| Л | л | L | l | Ломоносов =Lomonosov Нелидово = Nelidovo |
| М | м | M | m | Менделеев =Mendeleev Каменка = Kamenka |
| Н | н | N | n | Новосибирск =Novosibirsk Кандалакша = Kandalaksha |
| О | о | O | o | Омск =Omsk Красноярск = Krasnoi͡arsk |
| П | п | P | p | Петрозаводск =Petrozavodsk Серпухов = Serpukhov |
| Р | р | R | r | Ростов =Rostov Северобайкальск = Severobaĭkalʹsk |
| С | с | S | s | Сковородино =Skovorodino Чайковский = Chaǐkovskiĭ |
| Т | т | T | t | Тамбов =Tambov Мытищи = Mytishchi |
| У | у | U | u | Углич =Uglich Дудинка = Dudinka |
| Ф | ф | F | f | Фурманов =Furmanov Уфа = Ufa |
| Х | х | Kh | kh | Хабаровск =Khabarovsk Прохладный = Prokhladnyĭ |
| Ц | ц | T͡S | t͡s | Цимлянск =T͡Simli͡ansk Ельцин = Elʹt͡sin |
| Ч | ч | Ch | ch | Чебоксары =Cheboksary Печора = Pechora |
| Ш | ш | Sh | sh | Шахтёрск =Shakhtërsk Мышкин = Myshkin |
| Щ | щ | Shch | shch | Щёлково =Shchëlkovo Ртищево = Rtishchevo |
| Ъ | ъ | ʺ | ʺ | Подъездной = Podʺezdnoĭ |
| Ы | ы | Y | y | Ыттык-Кёль =Yttyk-Këlʹ Тында = Tynda |
| Ь | ь | ʹ | ʹ | Тюмень= Ti͡umenʹ |
| Э | э | Ė | ė | Электрогорск =Ėlektrogorsk Радиоэлектроника = Radioėlektronika |
| Ю | ю | I͡U | i͡u | Юбилейный =I͡Ubileǐnyǐ Ключевская = Kli͡uchevskai͡a |
| Я | я | I͡A | i͡a | Якутск =I͡Akutsk
Брянск = Bri͡ansk |
| Letters eliminated in the orthographic reform of 1918 | ||||
| І | і | І̄ | ī | |
| Ѣ | ѣ | I͡E | i͡e | |
| Ѳ | ѳ | Ḟ | ḟ | |
| Ѵ | ѵ | Ẏ | ẏ | |
| Other obsolete letters[9] | ||||
| Є | є | Ē | ē | |
| Ѥ | ѥ | I͡E | i͡e | |
| Ѕ | ѕ | Ż | ż | |
| Ꙋ | ꙋ | Ū | ū | |
| Ѿ | ѿ | Ō͡T | ō͡t | |
| Ѡ | ѡ | Ō | ō | |
| Ѧ | ѧ | Ę | ę | |
| Ѯ | ѯ | K͡S | k͡s | |
| Ѱ | ѱ | P͡S | p͡s | |
| Ѫ | ѫ | Ǫ | ǫ | |
| Ѩ | ѩ | I͡Ę | i͡ę | |
| Ѭ | ѭ | I͡Ǫ | i͡ǫ | |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^“Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables”
- ^Cutter, Charles Ammi(1885). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee, 1885".Library Journal.10:302–309.
- ^Cutter, Charles Ammi(1908). "Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee".Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries.Chicago, IL: American Library Association and the (British) Library Association. pp. 65–73.
- ^Gerych, G. (1965).Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets(master's dissertation). Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
- ^Gjelsness, Rudolph, ed. (1941).A.L.A. Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries.Chicago, IL: American Library Association. pp. 335–36.
- ^"ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Cataloging Distribution Service (Library of Congress)".Library of Congress.Retrieved2020-12-24.
- ^"ALA-LC Romanization Tables".The Library of Congress.2011.Retrieved2020-10-22.
- ^"Russian"(PDF).Library of Congress.2012.Retrieved2020-11-28.
- ^ab"Church Slavic"(PDF).Library of Congress.2011.Retrieved2020-11-28.
External links
edit- ALA-LC Romanization Tablesat the U.S. Library of Congress
- CyrAcademisatorBi-directional online transliteration of Russian according to ALA-LC (diacritics). Supports Old Slavonic characters
- Online Russian TransliteratorSupports ALA-LC, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and other standards.