Action Comics1

Action Comics#1(cover datedJune 1938) is the first issue of the original run of thecomic book/magazineseriesAction Comics.It features thefirst appearanceof several comic-book heroes—most notably theJerry SiegelandJoe Shustercreation,Superman—and sold for 10 cents (equivalent to $2 in 2023). It is widely considered to be both the beginning of thesuperherogenre and the most valuable comic book in the world.Action Comicswould go on to run for 904 numbered issues (plus additional out-of-sequence special issues) before it restarted its numbering in the fall of 2011. It returned to its original numbering with issue #957, published on June 8, 2016 (cover-datedAugust) and reachedits 1,000th issuein 2018.

Action Comics#1
Cover ofAction Comics#1 (June 1938) byJoe Shuster.
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
Genre	Action adventure fantasy superhero Western
Publication date	April 18, 1938 (on sale) June 1938 (cover date)

On August 24, 2014, a copy graded 9.0 byCGCwas sold oneBayfor $3,207,852 USD (equivalent to $4,128,633 in 2023);it was the first comic book to have sold for more than $3 million for a single original copy.

Contents

Action Comics#1 was an anthology, and contained eleven features:

• "Superman"(pp. 1–13) byJerry SiegelandJoe Shuster.
• "Chuck Dawson" (pp. 14–19) by H. Fleming.
• "ZataraMaster Magician "(pp. 20–31) byFred Guardineer.
• "South Sea Strategy" (text feature, pp. 32–33) by Captain Frank Thomas.
• "Sticky-Mitt Stimson" (pp. 34–37) by Alger.
• "The Adventures of Marco Polo" (pp. 38–41) by Sven Elven.
• "'Pep' Morgan "(pp. 42–45) byFred Guardineer.
• "Scoop Scanlon the Five Star Reporter" (pp. 46–51) by Will Ely.
• "Tex Thomson"(pp. 52–63) byBernard Baily.
• "Stardust" (p. 64) by "The Star-Gazer".
• "Odds 'N Ends" (inside back cover) by "Moldoff" (Sheldon Moldoff).

Publication

The cover has been compared toHercules and the HydrabyAntonio del Pollaiuolo.

Published on April 18, 1938(cover datedJune 1938), byNational Allied Publications,a corporate predecessor of DC Comics, it is considered the first truesuperherocomic. Though todayAction Comicsis a monthly title devoted to Superman, it began, like many early comics, as ananthology.

Action Comicswas started by publisherJack Liebowitz.The first issue had a print run of 200,000 copies, which promptly sold out, although it took some time for National to realize that the "Superman" story was responsiblefor sales of the series that would soon approach 1,000,000 a month.Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster were paid $10 per page, for a total of $130 (equivalent to $2,814 in 2023) for their work on this issue. Liebowitz would later say that selecting Superman to run inAction Comics#1 was "pure accident" based on deadline pressure and that he selected a "thrilling" cover, depicting Superman lifting a car over his head.Christopher Knowles,author ofOur Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes,compared the cover toHercules and the HydrabyAntonio del Pollaiuolo.

Superman

In January 1933,Jerry Siegelwrote a short prose story titled "The Reign of the Superman",which was illustrated by his friendJoe Shusterand self-published in a science fiction magazine. It told the story of a bald villain withtelepathicpowers. Trying to create a character they could sell to newspaper syndicates, Siegel re-conceived the "superman" character as a powerful hero, sent to Earth from a more advanced society. He and Shuster developed the idea into acomic strip,which they pitched unsuccessfully.

National Publications was looking for a hit to accompany their success withDetective Comics,and did not have time to solicit new material. Jack Liebowitz, co-owner of National Publications, told editorVin Sullivanto create their fourth comic book. Because of the tight deadline, Sullivan was forced to make it out of inventory and stockpile pages. He found a number of adventurer stories, but needed a lead feature. Sullivan asked former coworkerSheldon Mayerif he could help. Mayer found the rejected Superman comic strips, and Sullivan told Siegel and Shuster that if they could paste them into 13 comic book pages, he would buy them.

The original panels were rewritten and redrawn to create the first page ofAction Comics#1:

1. Baby Superman is sent to Earth by hisscientist fatherin a "hastily-devised space ship" from "a distant planet" which "was destroyed by old age".
2. After the space ship lands on Earth, "a passing motorist, discovering the sleeping baby within, turned the child over to an orphanage".
3. The baby Superman lifts a large chair overhead with one hand, astounding the orphanage attendants with "his feats of strength".
4. When Superman (now namedClark Kent) reaches maturity, he discovers that he can leap 1/8 of a mile, hurdle 20-story buildings, "raise tremendous weights", outrun a train, and "that nothing less than a bursting shell could penetrate his skin".
5. Clark decides that "he must turn his titanic strength into channels that would benefit mankind, and so was created 'Superman', champion of the oppressed...."

Two new panels offering a "scientific explanation of Clark Kent's amazing strength" were added. The panels do not identify Superman's home planet by name or explain how he was named Clark Kent.

The next twelve pages showed Superman attempting to save an innocent woman about to be executed while delivering the real murderess, bound and gagged, and leaving her on the lawn of the state Governor's mansion after breaking through the door into his house with a signed confession; coming to the aid of a woman being beaten up by her husband, who faints when his knife shatters on Superman's skin; rescuingLois Lane(who also debuts in this issue) from a gangster who abducted her after she rebuffed him at a nightclub, which leads to the cover scene with the car; and going toWashington, D.C.to investigate a Senator who he suspects is corrupt, prompting a confession by leaping around high buildings with the terrified man, which leads into the next issue. All the while, Clark tries to keep Superman out of the papers.

Collectibility

At the 2014 New York Comic Con, Vincent Zurzolo of Metropolis Collectibles displays the CGC 9.0 copy ofAction Comics#1 for which his firm paid $3.2 million (USD).

Comics Buyer's Guideestimated in 2012 that only 50 to 100 original copies ofAction Comics#1 exist.In an April 2021Associated Pressarticle, Vincent Zurzolo, COO of ComicConnect, an online auction and consignment company, said that it was estimated that about 100 copies of the issue were still in existence.

Action Comics#1 has set several sales records for comic books. On February 22, 2010, a copy ofAction Comics#1CGCGrade 8.0 sold atauctionforUS$1 million, becoming the first million-dollar comic book. The sale, by an anonymous seller to an anonymous buyer, was through ComicConnect.Also that year, on March 29, ComicConnect sold another copy for US$1.5 million, making it the most expensive and most valuable comic book of all time.The copy sold is the third highest-graded copy from the CGC, which stands at 8.5 VF+ grade,which Zurzolo said was among the best-kept copies.

As of 2011, there were six known Comic Guaranty LLC (CGC)-graded copies with a grade above VG (CGC 4.0), with only one issue having the grade of VF/NM (CGC 9.0) at that time.ECandMadpublisherWilliam Gaines,whose father was also a comic book publisher and had business dealings with DC Comics at the timeAction Comics#1 was published, claimed in aComics Journalinterview that he at one point had dozens of copies of the issue around his house, but they were probably all thrown out.Another copy, rated CGC 5 ( "Very Good/Fine" ), was discovered in July 2010 by a family facingforeclosureon their home while packing their possessions. Estimated by ComicConnect to sell as high as $250,000, the comic fetched $436,000 at auction, saving the family's home.

One copy was stolen from American actorNicolas Cage,an avid comic book collector, in 2000. In March 2011, it was found in a storage locker in theSan Fernando Valleyand was verified by ComicConnect to be the copy sold to Cage previously. Cage had previously received an insurance payment for the item.A copy which was sold for $2.16 million on November 30 the same year through ComicConnect is believed to have been this same one, having been noted as stolen in 2000 and recovered in 2011.The Hollywood Reportermentioned in its March 2012 issue that a film was in development based on the theft of Cage's copy of the comic book and would be titledAction No. 1.The screenplay was a spec script written byReno 911!creatorsRobert Ben GarantandThomas Lennonand sold toLionsgate.They were attached to produce along with Peter Principato and Paul Young.

A CGC 9.0-graded comic, with white pages, was auctioned for sale oneBayin August 2014. The seller, Darren Adams, a comic-book store owner inFederal Way, Washington,had purchased the issue from the estate of a man who had originally bought the issue from a newsstand on its release in 1938. The original buyer lived in high altitudes inWest Virginiaand stored the comic in a stack with others, which provided the optimal "cool, dry and dark" conditions that lent well to a comic's age, according to Adams.The comic changed hands twice prior to the auction; first sold as part of an estate sale when the original purchaser died forty years after its publication, and then to a third person who held the comic for about thirty years.Some years prior to the auction, Adams was contacted by this third person, and seeing the pristine condition of the comic, purchased it for a "seven figure sum".He held onto the comic for a few years before deciding to sell it, keeping the existence of it otherwise a secret, even rejecting a $3 million offer to buy the comic outright.After discussions with representatives from eBay, Adams and the company arranged to donate 1% of the sale to theChristopher & Dana Reeve Foundation,reflecting onChristopher Reeve's role as Superman in motion pictures.The auction ended on August 24 and was sold for over $3.2 million.At the time, it was the highest value ever paid for a single issue of a comic book.The purchasers were Vincent Zurzolo and Stephen Fishler, the owners ofMetropolis Collectibles;Zurzolo expected the value of the near-mint comic to continue to increase in time.

The record for the highest amount paid for a copy was narrowly broken again on April 6, 2021, when ComicConnect announced that another copy of the issue was sold for $3.25 million in a private sale. The seller of the copy had purchased it in 2018 for slightly over $2 million.A new record for the highest amount paid for a copy was set at $6 million US on April 4, 2024, whenHeritage Auctionsbrokered the saleof a specimen graded 8.5 by CGC.

Reprints

The first reprint ofAction Comics#1 was published in 1974 as part of the"Famous First Editions"series. Beginning in the mid-1970s, DC reissued several of its most popularGolden Agecomics as"Famous First Editions".These reprints were oversized, roughly double the size of the original editions, and had a cardboard-like cover. The interior was an exact reprint of the original comic, including the advertisements. As a result, theOverstreet Comic Book Price Guidehas, since the 1970s, published a warning advising that attempts have been made to pass off the reprint, stripped of itsFamous First Editioncardboard cover, as an actual #1. However, the Guide does not cite any actual instances of this.

DC reprintedAction Comics#1 in 1988 as part of the 50th anniversary celebration of Superman that year. This edition reprinted only the Superman story, with a 50¢ U.S.A. cover price.

The complete issue was reprinted in 1998 with an additional half-cover featuring the Superman stamp from theU.S. Postal Service's "Celebrate the Century" commemorative stamp series along with a "First Day of Issue" cancellation. It was sold by the U.S. Postal Service, shrinkwrapped, for $7.95.

The complete issue, save for the inside front, inside back, and outside back cover, was reprinted in 2000 as part of DC Comics'Millennium Editionseries of reprints of famous DC comics.

The 1988, 1998 and 2000 reprints were published to the page-size standard of the 1988–2000 period, and not the larger page size utilized byAction Comicsin 1938.

DC Comics published a Facsimile Edition reprint ofAction Comics#1, reprinting the complete book in its entirety (including the inside front, inside back, and outside back covers), in 2022. It had a cover price of $6.99.

Relaunches

In September 2011, DC Comics canceled all of its monthly books, and relaunched 52 new ongoing titles, with a completely newfictional continuity,an initiative brandedThe New 52.This included ending the original 73-year run ofAction Comicswith issue #904, October (on sale August 24). The first issue ofAction Comicsvolume 2, with a cover date of November, went on sale September 7.

The New 52 version ofAction Comics#1 went through five printings. The fifth printing, which went on sale March 28, 2012, is cover-dated May in both the UPC box on the cover and theindicia,with no mention of its original November 2011 cover date.

In 2016, as part of theDC Rebirthrelaunch, DC restoredAction Comics'original numbering, releasingAction Comicsvol. 1 #957 afterAction Comicsvol. 2 #52.Subsequently, a commemorative poster celebrating1,000 issues ofAction Comicswas released in 2018, which retroactively listed all issues of theNew 52Action Comicsvol. 2 with their cumulative issue numbers. As a result,Action Comicsvol. 2 #1 is now also considered to beAction Comicsvol. 1 #905 overall.

See also

• List of most expensive books and manuscripts