Wikipedia

Advice column

"Agony aunt" redirects here. For other uses, seeAgony aunts (disambiguation).

Anadvice columnis acolumnin a question and answer format. Typically, a (usually anonymous) reader writes to the media outlet with a problem in the form of a question, and the media outlet provides an answer or response.

The March 1990 edition of "Ask Dr. Goff", amedical advicecolumn published inState Magazine

The responses are written by an advice columnist (colloquially known in British English as anagony aunt,oragony uncleif the columnist is male). An advice columnist is someone who gives advice to people who send in problems to the media outlet. The image presented was originally of an older woman dispensing comforting advice and maternal wisdom, hence the name "aunt". Sometimes the author is in fact a composite or a team:Marjorie Proops's name appeared (with photo) long after she retired. The nominal writer may be apseudonym,or in effect a brand name; the accompanying picture may bear little resemblance to the actual author.

The Athenian Mercurycontained the first known advice column in 1690.[1]Traditionally presented in amagazineornewspaper,an advice column can also be delivered through other news media, such as theinternetandbroadcast news media.

History

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The original advice columns ofThe Athenian Mercurycovered a wide scope of information, answering questions on subjects such as science, history, and politics.John Dunton,the bookseller who establishedThe Athenian Mercury,enlisted experts in different fields to assist with the answers. As more people read the columns, questions on relationships increased.[1]

In 1704,Daniel Defoebegan a public affairs journal,A Review of the Affairs of France.He used the name of a fictional society, the "Scandalous Club", as the "author" of a lighter section of theReview,and soon readers were sending 40–50 letters a week asking for advice from the Scandalous Club. At one point, Defoe complained of a backlog of 300 unanswered questions. Eventually, he spun off the letters-and-answers into a separate paper called theLittle Review.[2]

A few years after theLittle Reviewended,The British Apollonewspaper provided advice to readers' questions in London.[2]These have been compiled and published asThe British Apollo: containing two thousand answers to curious questions in most arts and sciences, serious, comical, and humorous, approved of by many of the most learned and ingenious of both universities, and of the Royal-Society.[3]

Dix column, 1913

Della Manley, the first recorded woman editor in Britain, began a gossip sheet in 1709, theFemale Tattler,which included advice to readers, making her the first Agony Aunt. Her advice column approach was soon mimicked in theFemale Spectator,a women's magazine launched byEliza Haywood.[4]

AsSilence Dogoodand other characters,Benjamin Franklinoffered advice in theNew England Courantand later in thePennsylvania Gazette.[1]The popular columnistDorothy Dixbegan her column in 1896.Marie Manningstarted "Dear Beatrice Fairfax" in 1898.[5]In 1902,George V. Hobartwrote a humorous advice column, "Dinkelspiel Answers Some Letters", in theSan Francisco Examiner.In 1906, a column called "A Bintel Brief"ran in theJewish Daily Forwardin New York, which answered questions from new immigrants.[1]From 1941 to her death in 1962,Eleanor Rooseveltwrote an advice column,If You Ask Me,first published inLadies Home Journaland then later inMcCall's.[6]A selection of her columns was compiled in the bookIf You Ask Me: Essential Advice from Eleanor Rooseveltin 2018.[7]

An unusual advice column that foreshadowed internet forums was "Confidential Chat" in theBoston Globe.Launched in 1922 and published until 2006, readers both asked and answered questions without a columnist as intermediary.[8]

Advice columns proliferated in American newspapers early in the twentieth century as publishers recognized their value in capturing the interest of women, a key advertising demographic.[1]An advice column for teenagers, "Boy Dates Girl" by Gay Head, started inScholasticmagazine in 1936.[9]Advice columns specifically for teens became more common in the 1950s, such as "Ask Beth" which began in theBoston Globeand was then syndicated to 50 papers.[1]

More recently, advice columns have been written by experts in specific fields. One example is sex therapistDr. Ruth Westheimer,writing forAsk Dr. Ruth.[10]

Unlike the broad variety of questions in the earlier columns, modern advice columns tended to focus on personal questions about relationships, morals, and etiquette. However, despite the perception that sex was not a topic in advice columns early in the twentieth century,[11]questions about sexual behavior, practices, and expectations were addressed in advice columns as early as the 1920s, although not in the explicit manner that can be found today.[1]

Many advice columns are nowsyndicatedand appear in several newspapers. Prominent American examples includeDear Abby,Ann Landers,Carolyn Hax'sTell Me About It,and Slate 'sDear Prudence.In the 1970s, theChicago TribuneandNew York Daily News Syndicateestimated that 65 million people read "Dear Abby" daily.[2]As recently as 2000, both the Ann Landers and "Dear Abby" syndicated columns were published in over 500 newspapers.[1]

Internet sites such as theElder Wisdom Circleoffer relationship advice to a broad audience; Dear Maggie offers sex advice to a predominantly Christian readership inChristianity Magazine,and Miriam's Advice Well offers advice to Jews in Philadelphia. These days, men as advice columnists are rarer than women in print, but men have been appearing more often online in both serious and comedic formats.

Influence on society

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Advice columns were not simply informational; from the days ofThe Athenian Mercury,they contributed to a sense of community in which readers not only learned from others' issues vicariously, but engaged with each other by offering their own answers to questions already published or by challenging advice given by the columnist.[2]David Gudelunas, in his bookConfidential to America,said "It was through reading columns such as" Dorothy Dix "and" Ann Landers "that Americans learned what the other half was up to—no matter what half they themselves represented."[1]

When people wrote letters, they were writing not only to the columnist, but also to their peers who would read about their problems. By discussing shared issues, advice columns contribute to a common understanding ofmoresand communal values. For example, as a community dialog, "A Bintel Brief" provided Eastern European Jewish immigrants with advice on adjusting to American life and helped bridge their disparate national cultures. David Gudelunas states "Newspaper advice columns in the twentieth century are just as much about community discussions as they were in the seventeenth century."[1]

Readers took advantage of the anonymity of letters to advice columns to use it as a confessional. It gave them the opportunity to share information about themselves and their lives that, as many said in their letters, they were "too embarrassed" to tell people they knew.[1]The advice column, with its views into the lives of others, became a tool in ventures as disparate as children's counseling[12]and teaching English as a second language.[13]

A male British columnist felt that his column served several useful purposes: referrals to public services, education, and reassurance. He also noted the cathartic value to the letter writers.[14]

Due their national reach and popularity, advice columns could also be a tool for activism. In the 1980s, Ann Landers wrote an anti-nuclear column and encouraged her readers to clip it and forward it; over 100,000 letters were received by the White House. One million copies of her 1971 column supporting a cancer bill were sent toPresident Nixon.[1]

In fiction

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The "Agony Aunt" has become the subject of fiction, often satirically or farcically. Versions of the form include:

  • An agony aunt whose own personal problems and issues are more bizarre than those of her correspondents. A notable example is the British TV sitcomAgonycreated byAnna Raeburn,starringMaureen Lipmanas the agony aunt with an overbearing mother, an unreliable husband, neurotic gay neighbours, and a career in media surrounded by self-promoting bizarros. Anna Raeburn herself works as an agony aunt on radio call-in shows, much as the main character of the sitcom does.
  • Mrs. Millsdeliberately gives terrible advice to her clients, and is a satire of an agony aunt.
  • Another classic example of the agony aunt in fiction appears inMiss Lonelyhearts(1933) byNathanael West.
  • InEvelyn Waugh's novelThe Loved One,a Mr. Slump dispenses advice (on one occasion, it is lethal) under the name Guru Brahmin.
  • InTerry Pratchett'sDiscworldseries, the Agony Aunts are elderly but violent enforcers for the Seamstress Guild, pausing in their pursuit of offenders only to shop for bargains at rummage sales.
  • InThe Brady Bunchepisode "Dear Libby", the six kids of a blended family see a problem similar to their family is having in an eponymous advice column, and worry their (blended) family may not survive. After all the children also post their questions to the column, the columnist herself visits the family and provides them relief by saying that the person who posted the original question did not come from this family.
  • Sherlock Holmesregularly consulted the "agony columns"of a number of newspapers, which at that time were personal classified ads.[15]InHis Last Bow,"He took down the great book in which, day by day, he filed the agony columns of the various London journals." InThe Adventure of the Three Garridebs,"I should have thought, sir, that your obvious way was to advertise in the agony columns of the papers."
  • The pilot episode ofDrake and Joshhas Josh play an advice columnist named Miss Nancy.

Listing of columnists

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American advice columnists

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British advice columnists

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Advice columnists in fiction

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See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^abcdefghijklGudelunas, David (2008).Confidential to America.Transaction Publishers. pp.21–195.ISBN9781138508439.
  2. ^abcdHendley, W. Clark (Fall 1977). "Dear Abby, Miss Lonelyhearts, and the Eighteen Century: The Origins of the Newspaper Advice Column".Journal of Popular Culture.XI(2): 345–352.doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1977.00345.x.
  3. ^The British Apollo.OCLC669887531.
  4. ^Wilkes, Roger (2002).Scandal: a scurrilous history of gossip.London: Atlantic. pp. 31–35.ISBN1-903809-63-0.OCLC50434290.
  5. ^Olson, Lynne (May–June 1992)."dear Beatrice Fairfax..."American Heritage.43(3).Retrieved12 July2012.
  6. ^Corrigan, Maureen (17 Oct 2018)."What Would Eleanor Do? 'If You Ask Me' Revisits Roosevelt's Advice Columns".NPR.Retrieved25 August2019.
  7. ^Hanes, Stephanie (2018-10-10)."'If You Ask Me' is a delightful compendium of the thoughts of Eleanor Roosevelt ".The Christian Science Monitor.Retrieved25 August2019.
  8. ^"Globe Publishes First" Confidential Chat "".Mass Moments.Retrieved8 September2019.
  9. ^Cart, Michael (2016).Young adult literature: from romance to realism(Third ed.). Chicago. p. 6.ISBN9780838914762.OCLC945729948.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^"Ask Dr. Ruth".Time.Retrieved8 September2019.
  11. ^Wilbraham, Lindy; Delvin, David (1996). "Dear Doctor Delve-in: A Feminist Analysis of a Sex Advice Column for Women".Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity.30(30): 51–65.JSTOR4065783.
  12. ^Myrick, Robert D.; Moni, Linda S. (Dec 1971). "The counselor's workshop".Elementary School Guidance & Counseling.6(2): 127–130.JSTOR42868183.
  13. ^Hall, Richard W. (Sep 1971). "Ann & Abby: The Agony Column on the Air".TESOL Quarterly.5(3): 247–249.doi:10.2307/3585697.JSTOR3585697.
  14. ^Mace, David (Aug 1950). "An English Advice Column".Marriage and Family Living.12(3): 100–102.doi:10.2307/347985.JSTOR347985.
  15. ^
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