TheAichi D1AorNavy Type 94/96 Carrier Bomber(Allied reporting name"Susie"[3]) was a Japanesecarrier-baseddive bomberof the 1930s. A single-engine, two-seatbiplanebased on theHeinkel He 50,theD1Awas produced by Aichi for theImperial Japanese Navy,remaining in service as atrainerat the time of theattack on Pearl Harbor.The D1A was produced in two variants, theD1A1(Navy Type 94 Carrier Bomber), and theD1A2(Navy Type 96 Carrier Bomber,sometimes referred to as theD2A).
| D1A | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Dive bomber |
| National origin | Japan |
| Manufacturer | Aichi Kokuki KK |
| Status | Retired |
| Primary user | Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service |
| Number built | 590[1] |
| History | |
| First flight | 1934[2] |
| Retired | 1942 |
Design and development
editThe D1A came out of the Imperial Japanese Navy's need for an advanced carrier-based dive bomber, and in late 1934 the IJN ordered the finalisation of the Aichi AB-9 design which was produced as the early model D1A1.[1]However, the D1A1 was not designed byAichi Tokei Denki Kabushiki Kaishaaircraft company (laterAichi Kokuki), but byErnst Heinkel Flugzeugwerkeat the request of the Aichi company. The initial version designed by Heinkel was theHe 50,a similar model equipped with floats instead of landing gear. The subsequent model, theHe 66was provided to Aichi who immediately began production of it as the D1A1.
The design of the D1A, based on the Heinkel He 66, an export model of the He 50, was designed as a biplane constructed of metal, with a fabric covering, afixed landing gearand a conventional type tail landing skid. Original models had 365 kW (490 hp) engines and it was not until later models that more powerful 433 kW (580 hp) engines were included in the construction.
Operational history
editThe D1A was primarily used in theSecond Sino-Japanese Warand up to the timeJapanenteredWorld War IIin 1941. At the beginning of thePacific War,all of the remaining D1A1s were decommissioned and most of the D1A2s were retired from the front lines and served primarily intrainingunits. The exception was 68 of the D1A2 model that operated as a second-line support until being retired in 1942.[1]
Variants
edit- D1A1 Type 94
- Powered by 433 kW (580 hp)NakajimaKotobuki2Kai1 orKotobuki3radial engines;162 built.[1]
- D1A2 Type 96 (Sometimes referred to as the D2A)
- Improved version fitted withspattedwheels and a higher poweredNakajima Hikari1 engine; 428 built.[1]
- AB-11
- Proposed development with retractable undercarriage. Not built.[4]
Operators
edit
Specifications (D1A2)
edit
Data fromJapanese Aircraft of the Pacific War[5]and Aircraft of World War II - 300 of the World's Greatest aircraft 1939-45[1]
General characteristics
- Crew:2
- Length:9.3 m (30 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan:11.4 m (37 ft 5 in)
- Height:3.41 m (11 ft 2 in)
- Wing area:34.7 m2(374 sq ft)
- Empty weight:1,516 kg (3,342 lb)
- Gross weight:2,500 kg (5,512 lb)
- Max takeoff weight:2,610 kg (5,754 lb)
- Powerplant:1 ×Nakajima Hikari 19-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 540 kW (730 hp) for take-off
- 500 kW (670 hp) at 3,500 m (11,500 ft)
- Propellers:2-bladed metal propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed:309 km/h (192 mph, 167 kn) at 3,200 m (10,500 ft)
- Cruise speed:222 km/h (138 mph, 120 kn) at 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
- Range:926 km (575 mi, 500 nmi)
- Service ceiling:6,980 m (22,900 ft)
- Time to altitude:3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 7 minutes 51 seconds
Armament
- Guns:
- 2 × fixed 7.7 mm (0.303 in)Type 92 machine guns
- 1 × flexible 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Type 92 machine gun
- Bombs:
- 1 × 250 kg (550 lb) bomb under fuselage
- 2 × 30 kg (66 lb) bombs under wings
See also
editRelated development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
edit- ^abcdefChant 1999, p.17
- ^"hikotai.net".Archived fromthe originalon 2011-10-07.Retrieved2011-07-04.
- ^"Allied Code Names for..."Retrieved2007-04-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^Mikesh and Abe 1990, p. 79.
- ^Francillon, René (March 1987).Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War(2nd (American) ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 268–271.ISBN978-0870213137.
- Chant, Christopher (1999).Aircraft of World War II - 300 of the World's Greatest aircraft 1939-45.Amber Books Lts.ISBN978-0-7607-1261-0.
- Francillon, R.J. (1970).Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War.London: Putnam.ISBN0-370-00033-1.
- Mikesh, Robert; Abe, Shorzoe (1990).Japanese Aircraft 1910–41.London: Putnam.ISBN0-85177-840-2.
External links
edit