Wikipedia

AFC Ajax

(Redirected fromAjax Amsterdam)
For the women's team, seeAFC Ajax (women).

Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax(Dutch pronunciation:[ˈaːjɑks]), also known asAFC Ajax,Ajax Amsterdam,or commonlyAjax,is a Dutch professionalfootballclubbased inAmsterdam,that plays in theEredivisie,the top tier in Dutch football. Historically, Ajax (named after thelegendary Greek hero) is the most successful club in theNetherlands,with 36Eredivisie titlesand 20KNVB Cups.It has continuously played in theEredivisiesince the league's inception in 1956, and along withFeyenoordandPSV Eindhoven,it is one of the country's "big three"clubs that have dominated that competition.

Ajax
Full nameAmsterdamsche Football Club Ajax
Nickname(s)de Godenzonen(Sons of the Gods)[1][2]
de Joden(the Jews)
Lucky Ajax
Founded18 March 1900;124 years ago(1900-03-18)
GroundJohan Cruyff Arena
Capacity55,865[3]
OwnerAFC Ajax N.V.(Euronext Amsterdam:AJAX)
CEOMenno Geelen (interim)
Head coachFrancesco Farioli
LeagueEredivisie
2023–24Eredivisie, 5th of 18
Websiteajax.nl
Current season

Ajax was one of the most successful clubs in the world in the 20th century. According to theInternational Federation of Football History & Statistics,Ajax was the seventh-most successful European club of the 20th century andThe World's Club Team of the Yearin 1992.[4]According to German magazineKicker,Ajax was the second-most successful European club of the 20th century. The club is one of five teams that haveearned the rightto keep theEuropean Cupand to wear a multiple-winner badge. In 1972, they completed thecontinental trebleby winning theEredivisie,KNVB Cup,and theEuropean Cup.They also won the first (albeit unofficial)European Super CupagainstRangersin January 1973. Ajax's most recent international trophies are the1995 Intercontinental Cup,1995 UEFA Super Cupand the1995 Champions League,where they defeatedMilanin thefinal;they lost the1996 Champions LeaguefinalonpenaltiestoJuventus.In 1995, Ajax was crowned asWorld Team of the YearbyWorld Soccermagazine.

Ajax is also one of four teams to win the continental treble and theIntercontinental CuporClub World Cupin the same season/calendar year;[5]this was achieved in the 1971–72 season.[6]Ajax is one of five clubs to have won all three major UEFA club competitions.[7]They have also won the Intercontinental Cup twice, the1991–92 UEFA Cup,as well as theKarl Rappan Cup,a predecessor of theUEFA Intertoto Cupin 1962.[8]Ajax plays at theJohan Cruyff Arena,which opened as the Amsterdam ArenA in 1996 and was renamed in 2018. They previously played atDe Meer Stadionand theAmsterdam Olympic Stadium(for international matches). Throughout their history, Ajax have cultivated a reputation for scouting, spotting and developing young talent, and have remained focused on developing ayouth system.

History

Main article:History of AFC Ajax

Ajax was founded inAmsterdamon 18 March 1900. The club achieved promotion to the highest level of Dutch football in 1911 and had its first major success in 1917, winning theKNVB Beker,the Netherlands' national cup. Thefollowing season,Ajax becamenational championfor the first time. The club defended its title in1918–19,becoming the only team to achieve an unbeaten season in the Netherlands Football League Championship.[9]

Throughout the 1920s, Ajax was a strong regional power, winning the Eerste Klasse West division in 1921, 1927 and 1928, but could not maintain its success at the national level. This changed in the 1930s, with the club winning five national championships (1931,1932,1934,1937,1939), making it the most successful Dutch team of the decade. Ajax won its second KNVB Cup in 1942–43, and an eighth Dutch title in1946–47,the last season the club was managed by EnglishmanJack Reynolds,who, up to this point, had overseen all of its national championship successes as well as its 1917 KNVB Cup win.[10][11]

In 1956, thefirst seasonof the Netherlands' new professional league, theEredivisie,was played with Ajax participating as a founding member. The Amsterdam club became the first national champions under the new format and made its debut in theEuropean Champion Clubs' Cupthefollowing year,losing to Hungarian championsVasas SC6–2 on aggregate at the quarter-final stage. The team was againEredivisiechampions in1960and won a third KNVB Cup in 1961.[12]

Johan Cruyffplayed at Ajax from 1959 to 1973, and from 1981 to 1983, winning 3 European Cups; his No. 14 is the only squad number Ajax has ever retired. Cruyff came back to manage the club from 1985 to 1988.
AgainstPanathinaikosin the1971 European Cup Final

In 1965,Rinus Michels,who had played for the club between 1946 and 1958, was appointed manager of Ajax, implementing his philosophy ofTotal Footballwhich was to become synonymous with both Ajax and theNetherlands national team.[13][14]A year earlier,Johan Cruyff,who would go on to become widely regarded as the greatest Dutch footballer of all time, made his debut.[15]Between them, Michels and Cruyff led Ajax through the most successful period in its history, winning sevenEredivisietitles, four KNVB Cups and threeEuropean Cups.

Ajax won the Dutch championship in1966,1967and1968,and reached the1969 European Cup final,losing toMilan.During the 1966–67 season, Ajax scored a record 122 goals in anEredivisieseason and also won the KNVB Cup to achieve its first league and cupdouble.In1969–70,Ajax won a fourth Dutch league championship and second league and cup double in five seasons, winning 27 out of 34 league matches and scoring 100 goals.[16]

The1970–71 seasonsaw Ajax retain theKNVB Cupand reach the1971 European Cup final,where they defeatedPanathinaikos2–0 with goals fromDick van DijkandArie Haanto become continental champions for the first time, with Cruyff being namedEuropean Footballer of the Year.After this success, Michels departed to become manager ofBarcelonaand was replaced by the RomanianȘtefan Kovács.In Kovács' first season, Ajax completed atrebleof theEuropean Cup,theEredivisieand a third consecutiveKNVB Cup.The following season, the team beat ArgentineClub Atlético Independienteto win the1972 Intercontinental Cupand retained theirEredivisieandEuropean Cuptitles, becoming the first club to win three consecutive European Cups sinceReal Madridin the 1950s.

In 1973, Michels' Barcelona broke theworld transfer recordto bring Cruyff toCatalonia.Kovács also departed to become manager of theFrance national team,signalling the end of this period of international success.[17]

In1976–77,Ajax won its first domestic championship in four seasons and recorded a double of theEredivisieandKNVB Cuptwo years later.

The early 1980s saw the return of Cruyff to the club, as well as the emergence of young playersMarco van BastenandFrank Rijkaard.The team won back-to-backEredivisietitles in1982and1983,with all three playing a significant role in the latter. After Cruyff's sale to rivalsFeyenoordin 1983, van Basten became Ajax's key player, top scoring in theEredivisiefor four seasons between1983–84and1986–87.[18]

Cruijff, seen here withvan BastenandRijkaard,returned as manager in 1985.

In 1985, Cruyff returned to Ajax as manager and the team endedhis first season in chargewith 120 goals from 34 matches. However, Ajax still finished as runner-up toPSVby eight points. The following season, Ajax again lost out on theEredivisietitle to PSV, but won theEuropean Cup Winners' Cup,its first continental trophy in 14 years. After this, Cruyff left the club to become manager of Barcelona and Rijkaard and van Basten were sold toSporting CPand Milan respectively. Despite these losses, Ajax reached a second consecutive Cup Winners' Cup final in1988,where they lost to Belgian clubKV Mechelen.[19]

The1988–89season sawDennis Bergkamp,a young forward who had first appeared under Cruyff in 1986, establish himself as a regular goalscorer for Ajax. Bergkamp helped Ajax to theEredivisietitle and was the top scorer in the division in1990–91,1991–92and1992–93.Under the management ofLouis van Gaal,Ajax won theUEFA Cupin1992to become the second club, afterJuventus,to have won all threemajor European club competitions.[20]

After the sale of Bergkamp toInternazionalein 1993, van Gaal re-signed the experienced Rijkaard to complement his young Ajax team featuring academy graduatesFrankandRonald de Boer,Edwin van der Sar,Clarence Seedorf,Edgar Davids,Michael ReizigerandWinston Bogarde,as well as mercurial foreign talentsFinidi George,Nwankwo KanuandJari Litmanen,and veteran captainDanny Blind.[21]The team regained the Dutch championship in1993–94,and won it again in1994–95and1995–96to become the first Ajax side to win three back-to-back championships since 1968. The height of van Gaal's success came in 1994–95, where Ajax became the first, and to date only, team to complete an entireEredivisieseason unbeaten.[22]The team also won its first European Cup since its 1970s era, defeating Milan in the1995 UEFA Champions League final1–0, with the winning goal scored by 18-year-oldPatrick Kluivert.Ajax again reachedthe finalone year later, and was defeated on penalties byJuventus.

Ajax's return as a European force was short-lived, as van Gaal and several members of the squad soon departed to some of the continent's biggest clubs. The 2000s was a lean decade for the club, with only twoEredivisiechampionships won. However, Ajax's academy continued to produce star players such asWesley SneijderandRafael van der Vaart.

In 2010, Frank de Boer was appointed manager of Ajax and led the club to its first league title in seven years, and record 30th title overall, in the2010–11 season.This was followed by back-to-back wins in2011–12and2012–13to match his three consecutive titles as a player in the 1990s. In2013–14,Ajax was againEredivisiechampions, winning four consecutive league titles for the first time in club history.[23]After finishing as runner-up to PSV in both2014–15and2015–16,de Boer resigned as Ajax head coach in May 2016.[24]

Peter Bosztook over the club and led them to the2017 UEFA Europa League final,their first European final in 21 years. They lost toManchester Unitedwith a lineup that was the youngest ever in a European final, averaging an age of 22 years and 282 days.[25]For the third consecutive season, they finished runner-up in theEredivisie,this time toFeyenoord.

The2018–19 seasonfor Ajax involved a remarkable run in theUEFA Champions League.Due to their runner-up finish in the2017–18 Eredivisie,Ajax entered the tournament in the second qualifying round. After successive victories againstSturm Graz,Standard LiègeandDynamo Kyiv,they qualified for the group stage. Ajax was drawn in a group with German championsBayern Munich,Portuguese sideBenficaand Greek championsAEK Athens.Ajax finished runner-up in this group, qualifying for the knockout stages, where it was drawn against three-time defending championsReal Madrid.After losing 1–2 in the first leg, they defeated Real Madrid 4–1 in the away match, stunning the defending champions in their own stadium, theSantiago Bernabéu,with an aggregate score of 5–3.[26]Dušan Tadićwas awarded a perfect score of 10 byL'Équipefollowing the match.[27]

Thus, Ajax progressed to the quarter-finals and was drawn with Italian championsJuventus.In the first leg in the Johan Cruyff Arena, they drew 1–1. In the second leg at theJuventus Stadium,Ajax came from behind to win 2–1 and 3–2 on aggregate.Matthijs de Ligtscored the winning goal for Ajax to help the team advance to its first Champions League semi-final since1997.[28]There, they would face English sideTottenham Hotspur.

In the first leg of the semi-final, Ajax beat Tottenham 1–0 away from home.[29]In the second leg, Ajax scored twice in the first half to generate a 3–0 lead on aggregate. However, in the second half,Lucas Mourascored three times, including in the 6th minute of added time, resulting in Ajax losing via theaway goals rule.[30]

Ajax was in first place on goal difference when theEredivisiewas declared void, preventing them being Dutch champions for the 35th time, but still qualified for the2020–21 UEFA Champions League.[31]

UEFA ranking

See also:UEFA coefficient
As of 18 March 2021[32]
16 Roma 84.000
17 Ajax 81.500
18 Shakhtar Donetsk 79.000

Academies

Main articles:Ajax Youth Academy,Ajax Hellas Youth Academy,andAjax Coaching Academy

The club is also particularly famous for its renowned youth programme that has produced many Dutch talents over the years –Johan Cruyff,Edwin van der Sar,Gerald Vanenburg,Frank Rijkaard,Dennis Bergkamp,Rafael van der Vaart,Patrick Kluivert,Marco van Basten,Wesley Sneijder,Maarten Stekelenburg,Nigel de Jong,Frenkie de Jong,andMatthijs de Ligthave come through the ranks and are just some of the talents who have played for Ajax. Ajax also regularly supplies the Dutch national youth teams with local talent.

Due to mutual agreements with foreign clubs, the youth academy has also signed foreign players as teenagers before making first team debuts, such as Belgian defensive trioJan Vertonghen,Toby AlderweireldandThomas Vermaelenalong with wingerTom De Mul,all of whom are full internationals, as well as Dutch internationalVurnon AnitaandJavier Martina,representingCuraçao.

Ajax has also expanded its talent searching programme to South Africa withAjax Cape Town.Ajax Cape Town was set up with the help of Rob Moore. Ajax has also had a satellite club in the United States under the nameAjax America,until it filed for bankruptcy. There are some youth players from Ajax Cape Town that have been drafted into theEredivisiesquad, such as South African internationalsSteven PienaarandThulani Sereroand Cameroonian internationalEyong Enoh.

In 1995, the year Ajax won the UEFA Champions League, the Netherlands national team was almost entirely composed of Ajax players, with van der Sar in goal; players such as Michael Reiziger, Frank de Boer and Danny Blind in defence; Ronald de Boer, Edgar Davids and Clarence Seedorf in midfield; and Patrick Kluivert andMarc Overmarsin attack.[33]

In 2011, Ajax opened its first youth academies outside the Netherlands when the club partnered up with George Kazianis and All Star Consultancy in Greece to open theAjax Hellas Youth Academy.The offices are based inNea Smyrni,Attica,with the main training facility located on the island ofCorfu,hosting a total of 15 football youth academies throughout Greece and Cyprus. Eddie van Schaik heads the organization as coach and consultant, introducing the Ajax football philosophy at the various Greek football training camps.[34][35]

In 2016, Ajax launched the ACA (Ajax Coaching Academy) with the intention of sharing knowledge, and setting up a variety of camps and clinics for both players and coaches.[36]

Stadiums

Main article:Stadiums of AFC Ajax
Het Houten Stadion,Ajax's first venue, c. 1917–18
De Meer Stadionin 1937
Olympic Stadiumin 1995
Johan Cruyff Arena,Ajax home ground since 1996

Ajax's first stadium was built in 1911 out of wood and was calledHet Houten Stadion(English: The Wooden Stadium). Ajax later also played in theOlympic Stadiumbuilt for the1928 Summer Olympicshosted inAmsterdam.This stadium, designed byJan Wils,is known in Dutch ashet Olympisch Stadion.In 1934, Ajax moved toDe Meer Stadionin east Amsterdam, close to the location of Het Houten Stadion. It was designed by architect and Ajax-memberDaan Roodenburgh,who had also designed the club's first stadium. It could accommodate 29,500 spectators and Ajax continued to play there until 1996. For big European and national fixtures, the club would often play at the Olympic Stadium, which could accommodate about twice the number of spectators.

In 1996, Ajax moved to a new home ground in the southeast of the city known as the Amsterdam Arena, since 2018 known as theJohan Cruyff Arena.This stadium was built by the Amsterdam city authority at a cost of $134 million. The stadium is capable of holding 55,865 spectators. The Arena has a retractable roof and set a trend for other modern stadiums built in Europe in the following years. In the Netherlands, the Arena earned a reputation for a terrible grass pitch caused by the removable roof that, even when open, takes away too much sunlight and fresh air. During the 2008–09 season, ground staff introduced an artificial lighting system that finally reduced this problem considerably.

The much-loved De Meer Stadion was torn down and the land was sold to the city council. A residential neighbourhood now occupies the area. The only thing left of the old stadium are the letters "AJAX", which nowadays is in place on the façade of the entrance at the Johan Cruyff Arena and a replica of the letters are atDe Toekomst,near the Johan Cruyff Arena.

Crest and colours

Crest

In 1900, when the club was founded, the emblem of Ajax was just a picture of an Ajax player. The crest was slightly altered following the club's promotion to the top division in 1911 to match the club's new outfits. In 1928, the club logo was introduced with the head of theGreekheroAjax.The logo was once again changed in 1990 into an abstract version of the previous one. The new logo still sports the portrait of Ajax, but drawn with just 11 lines, symbolizing the 11 players of a football team.[37]On 17 November 2024, Ajax announced on its official website that the classic logo of 1928 will return for the 2025-26 season, making a comeback after 34 years.[38]

  • Crest of Ajax (1928–1991, 2021-22)
  • Crest of Ajax (1991-)

Colours

Wikimedia Commons has media related toAFC Ajax kits.

Ajax originally played in an all-black strip with a red sash tied around the players' waists, but that strip was soon replaced by a red/white striped shirt and black shorts. Red, black and white are the three colours of theflag of Amsterdam.Under managerJack Kirwan,however, the club earned promotion to the top flight of Dutch football for the first time in 1911 (then theEerste Klasseor 'First Class', later named theEredivisie), Ajax was forced to change its colours becauseSparta Rotterdamalready had exactly the same outfit. Special kits for away fixtures did not exist at the time and according to football association regulations the newcomers had to change their colours if two teams in the same league had identical uniforms. Ajax opted for white shorts and white shirt with a broad, vertical red stripe over chest and back, which still is Ajax's outfit.

Financial

AFC Ajax N.V.

Main article:AFC Ajax N.V.

AFC Ajax is the only Dutch club with aninitial public offering(IPO). The club is registered as aNaamloze vennootschap(N.V.) listed on the stock exchangeEuronext Amsterdam,since 17 May 1998. With a launch price of ƒ25,- (Guilders) the club managed to a bring its total revenue up to €54 million (converted) in its first year on the market.[39]After short-lived success, however, the rate dropped, at one point as low as €3.50. Criticism was brought forth that the legal grid for a naamloze vennootschap would not be suitable for a Football club, and that the sports related ambitions would suffer from the new commercial interests of the now listed Ajax. Shares of the company in the year 2008 were valued at approximately €5.90 per share.[40]

In 2008, a Commission under guidance of honorary member Uri Coronel concluded that theIPOwas of no value to the club, and that measures should be taken to exit the stock exchange by purchasing back all public shares.[41]Ajax remain on the stock exchange.[42]

Sponsorship

2011 AFC Ajax team wearing its home kit by adidas with the AEGON sponsor across the chest, ahead of its UEFA Champions League match against Olympique Lyonnais.

Ajax's shirts have beensponsoredbyTDKfrom 1982 to 1991, and byABN AMROfrom 1991 to 2008.AEGONthen replaced ABN AMRO as the new head sponsor for a period of seven years.[43]On 1 April 2007, Ajax wore a different sponsor for the match againstHeracles Almelo,Florius.Florius is a banking programme launched by ABN AMRO who wanted it to be the shirt sponsor for one match.

The shirts have been manufactured byLe Coq Sportif(1973–1977),Puma(1977–1979),[44]Cor du Buy(1979–1980),Le Coq Sportif(1980–1984),[45]Kappa(1985–1989)[46]andUmbro(1989–2000) in the past, and byAdidassince 2000 (until at least 2025).[47][48]

At the conclusion of the2013–14 season,Ajax won the Football shirt of the Year award for its black and rose colored away shirt by Adidas. The annual award was presented by Subside Sports, which had previously given the award toInternazionale,Juventus and theBelgium national team.It was Ajax's first time winning the award.[49]

On 7 November 2014, it was announced that Ajax had agreed to a four-and-a-half-year contract worth €8 million annually with Dutch cable operating companyZiggoas the new shirt sponsor for the club.[50]Having extended its contract with AEGON for half a season until December, the club featuredFonds Gehandicaptensport,a charitable fund for handicapped sports on its away shirts for a six-month period before transitioning to Ziggo in 2015.[51]

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

Kit deals

Kit supplier Period Contract
announcement		 Contract
duration		 Value Notes
Adidas 2000–present[52] 13 July 2018[52] 1 July 2019 – 30 June 2025[52] €50 million for six years[53]

Other teams

Reserves team

Main article:Jong Ajax

Jong Ajax(formerly more commonly known as Ajax 2) is the reserve team of AFC Ajax. The team is composed mostly of professional footballers, who are often recent graduates from the highest youth level (Ajax A1) serving their first professional contract as a reserve, or players who are otherwise unable to play in the first team.[54]

Since 1992, Jong Ajax competed in theBeloften Eredivisie,competing against other reserve teams such asJong PSV,Jong FC GroningenorJong AZ.They have won the BeloftenEredivisietitle a record eight times, as well as theKNVB Reserve Cupthree times, making them the most successful reserve squad in the Netherlands. By winning theBeloften Eredivisietitle, Jong Ajax was able to qualify for the actual KNVB Cup, even advancing to the semi-finals on three occasions. Its best result in the Dutch Cup was under managerJan Olde Riekerinkin 2001–02, when a semi-final loss toUtrechtin aPenalty shoot-outafter extra time, which saw Utrecht advance, and thus preventing an Ajax–Jong Ajax Dutch Cup final.[55]

The 2013–14 season marked theJupiler Leaguedebut of the Ajax reserves' squad, Jong Ajax.[56]Previously playing in theBeloften Eredivisie(a separate league for reserve teams, not included in the Dutch professional or amateur league structure), players were allowed to move around freely between the reserve team and the first team during the season.[57]This is no longer the case as Jong Ajax now registers and fields a separate squad from that of Ajax first team for the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of professional football in the Netherlands. Its home matches are played at Sportpark De Toekomst, except for the occasional match in the Johan Cruyff Arena. Now regarded a semi-professional team in its own respect, the only period in which players are able to move between squads are during the transfer windows, unless the player has made less than 15 appearances for the first team, then he is still eligible to appear in both first team and second team matches during the season.[58]Furthermore, the team is not eligible for promotion to theEredivisieor to participate in the KNVB Cup. Jong Ajax was joined in the Eerste Divisie byJong TwenteandJong PSV,reserve teams who have also moved from the BeloftenEredivisieto the Eerste Divisie, in place ofVV Katwijk,SC VeendamandAGOVV Apeldoorn,increasing the total number of teams in the Jupiler League from 18 to 20.[59]

Ajax reserve squad Jong Ajax left theBeloften Eredivisiein 2013, having held a 21-year tenure in the reserves league, having also won the league title a record eight times (1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009).[60]

Women's team

Main article:AFC Ajax (women)

AFC Ajax Vrouwen(English: AFC Ajax Women) is the women's team of AFC Ajax, competing in thewomen's eredivisie,the highest level of women's football in the Netherlands. Founded on 18 May 2012, the women's team saw Ajax attracting many of the Netherlands top talents, with International players such asAnouk Hoogendijk,Daphne KosterandPetra Hogewoningjoining the Amsterdam club in its maiden season in women's professional football.[61]The team won its first piece of silverware when they defeatedPSV/FC Eindhoven2–1 in the final of theKNVB Women's Cup.

Amateur team

Main article:AFC Ajax (amateurs)

AFC Ajax Amateurs,better known asAjax Zaterdag,is a Dutch amateur football club founded 18 March 1900. It is the amateur team of the professional club AFC Ajax, playing its home matches at theSportpark De Toekomsttraining grounds to a capacity of 5,000. The team was promoted from theEerste Klasseto theHoofdklasseahead of the 2011–12 season, the league in which it is currently competing. The team has won theEerste Klassetitle twice, as well as the *KNVB District Cup West Ion two occasions as well.[62]

Furthermore, Ajax Zaterdag has also managed to qualify for the KNVB Cup on its own accord on three occasions, namely in 2004, 2005, 2008 and 2021. Even advancing to the second round before bowing out toVitesseon 24 September 2008.

Other sports

Baseball

Main article:Ajax HVA

Ajax HVA(1922–1972) was thebaseballteam of AFC Ajax founded in 1922, and competed as founding members of theHonkbal Hoofdklasse,the top flight of professional baseball in the Netherlands.[citation needed]Ajax won the national baseball title a total of four times (1924, 1928, 1942, 1948) before the club opted to no longer field a baseball team, and to focus solely on football in 1972.[63]Ajax spent a total of 50 years at the top flight of Baseball in the Netherlands from 1922 to 1972. The dissolution of Ajax baseball club resulted in the players finding a new sponsor in amustardmanufacturing company called Luycks, while merging with the Diemen Giants to become the Luycks Giants, thus replacing both former clubs.[64]

Esports

Main article:AFC Ajax eSports

In 2016, Ajax launched an esports team, with Koen Weijland as the club's first signing, making its debut on the Global stage ofprofessional gaming.They have since signed the likes of Dani Hagebeuk, Lev Vinken, Joey Calabro and Bob van Uden, the latter spent his first season on loan to the esports team of Japanese clubSagan Tosu.[65][66][67]

Affiliated clubs

Main article:List of AFC Ajax affiliated clubs

The following clubs are currently affiliated with AFC Ajax:

The following clubs were affiliated with AFC Ajax in the past:

Rivalries

As one of the traditionalbig three clubsin the Netherlands, Ajax have amassed a number of intense rivalries over the years. Listed below are the most significant of the rivalries involving Ajax.

Rivalry with Feyenoord

Main article:De Klassieker

FeyenoordfromRotterdamis Ajax's archrival. Every year both clubs play theDe Klassieker( "The Classic" ), a match between the teams from the two largest cities of the Netherlands.[88]Till the 1973/74-season, Ajax and Feyenoord were the only two clubs in the Netherlands who were able to clinch national titles, as well as achieve continental and even global success. From the 1974/75-season on, PSV (Eindhoven) and AZ (Alkmaar) too, competed with Ajax and Feyenoord.[89]A meeting between the two clubs became the measure for who was truly the best club in the Netherlands. TheKlassiekeris the most famous of all the rivalries in the Netherlands and the matches are always sold out.[90]The fixture is seen in the public eye as "the graceful and elegant football of Ajax, against the indomitable fighting spirit of Feyenoord"; the confidence of the capital city versus the blue collar mentality ofRotterdam.[91]Matches are known for their tension and violence, both on and off the pitch. Over the years, several violent incidents have taken place involving rival supporters, leading to the current prohibition of away supporters in both stadiums.[92]The lowest point was reached on 23 March 1997, when supporters of both clubs met on a field nearBeverwijk,where Ajax-supporter Carlo Picornie was fatally injured, the incident is commonly referred to as the "Battle of Beverwijk".[93]

Rivalry with PSV

Main article:AFC Ajax–PSV Eindhoven rivalry

PSVis also a rival of Ajax, but in terms of tension and rivalry, these matches are not as loaded as the duels with Feyenoord. The rivalry has existed for some time with PSV and stems from various causes, such as the different interpretations of whether current national and international successes of both clubs correlates and the supposed opposition between theRandstadand the province. The matches between these two teams is commonly referred to as "De Topper" ( "The Topper" ), and involves the two most trophy-laden sides in Dutch football and is essentially a clash of two competing schools of thought in Dutch football. Historically, PSV compete with a workmanlike ethic, preferring a more robust 4–3–1–2 or 4–2–3–1, typically shunning the frivolous 4–3–3 approach favoured in Amsterdam. WhileRinus MichelsandJohan Cruyffhelped to innovateTotal Footballin the sixties and seventies, a different philosophy was honed inEindhovenbyKees RijversandGuus Hiddinkin the late 1970s and '80s.[94]This in turn has created one of the more philosophical rivalries in football, an ideological battleground, which is gradually becoming as heated and intense as the matches Ajax and Feyenoord partake in.[95]

Rivalries with other clubs

Main article:Amsterdam derby

Aside from Feyenoord and PSV, Ajax have several other rivalries, although in most cases the sentiment is mostly felt by the opposition and is more directed towards Ajax, with one of them beingUtrecht.[96]Although the rivalry is more felt on the Utrecht side then with Ajax, matchups between the two sides are often quite intense.[97]Both teams have fanatic supporters, and clashes off the pitch are more often the rule than the exception. The same goes forADO Den Haag,with both supporter groups often getting in conflicts, when ADO-Hooligans set fire to the supporters home of Ajax, and Ajax hooligans subsequently broke into the Supporters home of ADO tensions between the two clubs rose. In 2006, supporters from both clubs were banned from attending away matches for five years due to frequent violent outbreaks and clashes.[98]

Further teams who share a rivalry with Ajax includeTwente,Vitesse Arnhem,Groningenand AZ, although the latter is often regarded by Ajax supporters as the club's "little brother".[99]With AZ being from nearbyAlkmaarand therefore situated in the same province as Ajax, match-ups between the two sides are commonly known as the "De Noord-Hollandse Derby" ( "North HollandDerby ") and are often very competitive, intense and loaded fixtures.[100]

Past rivalries include localAmsterdam derbiesbetween Ajax and clubs such asBlauw-Wit,DWSandDe Volewijckers(which later merged to becomeFC Amsterdamin 1972).[101]However, the tension between the local sides lessened as the division of the clubs through playing in different leagues over time became greater. Years of not competing in the same league resulted in less frequent match-ups, until tensions finally settled between the Amsterdam clubs.[102]The last Amsterdam derby to take place in an official league match was when Ajax defeated FC Amsterdam 5–1 on 19 March 1978.[103]

Supporters

Main articles:A.F.C.A (hooligans),F-side,North Up Alliance,South Crew,andVAK410
Ajax supporters

Ajax is known for having fanatic core supporter-groups, of whichF-SideandVAK410are the most famous. The F-Side was founded on 3 October 1976, and is situated right behind the goal in the Johan Cruyff Arena, on the southern end of the stadium in rows 125–129. Its name is derived from the group's former location on the F-side of the oldDe Meer Stadion.[104]The F-side supporters are responsible for a big part of the atmosphere in the stadium, and are also known for rioting during and after matches. If in any match Ajax should win the coin toss, the second half of the match Ajax always play towards the south-end of the stadium.[105]VAK410 (English: Row 410) was founded in 2001 and is situated in the Zuidhoek (South corner) of the stadium on the upper ring in rows 424–425. The group was originally situated on the North-West side of the stadium in row 410, from where it derives its name, until relocating to their current place in the stands in 2008.[106]Members of VAK410 are known to perform various stunts, which include massive banners, to enhance the atmosphere in the stadium. Neither F-Side or VAK410 have seats in their sections of the stadium, and both groups stand for the duration of the match.[107]

Through the officialFootball Top 20of Dutch sports research groupSPORT+MARKT,it was revealed in 2010 that Ajax had approximately 7.1 million supporters throughout Europe.[108]This is significantly more than rivals Feyenoord and PSV (each 1.6 and 1.3 million, respectively), which puts Ajax as the club with the 15th-most supporters across Europe. The study also revealed that approximately 39% of the Netherlands were Ajax supporters.[109]Not only does Ajax have many supporters, but several fans attend their matches in European competition, with an average attendance of 48,677 spectators for every international match Ajax played, putting the team at 12th place in Europe for highest attendance, ahead of high-profile clubs such as Milan andChelsea.It is noteworthy that not all stadiums share the capacity of the Johan Cruyff Arena.[110]

Supporters clubs

Main articles:AFCA Supportersclub,Ajax Business Associates,andSupportersvereniging Ajax
Ajax supporters celebrating the club's 30th Dutch national championship in 2011

TheSupporters Club Ajax(Dutch:Supportersvereniging Ajax) is officially the largest supporters club in the Netherlands with 94,000 members.[111]Founded on 7 May 1992, the supporters club organize big monthly events throughout the Netherlands, and particularly around the official Ajax Open Training Day, which attracts thousands of supporters each year.[112]Furthermore, the supporters group is responsible for theAjax Lifewebsite, as well as thefanzinewhich is issued 20 times a year.[113]

In 2006, theAFCA Supportersclubwas introduced as the club's second official supporters' association, through the merger of the Onafhankelijke Fanclub Ajax (OFA) and the Ajax Supporters Delegatie (ASD).[114]The AFCA Supportersclub has a reported 42,000 members, as well as a former member on the Board of Administration of Ajax, in Ronald Pieloor.[115]

The third official supporters club is theAjax Business Associates(ABA). Founded in 1991 the ABA is the Business club of Ajax. Members occupy the skyboxes in the Stadium and can make use of the clubs' amenities and luxury suites including the ABA club and lounge.[116]The ABA is also responsible for hosting the annualAjax Business Golf Trophy,an amateur golf tournament where several active and former Ajax players, as well as prominent people and members of the ABA, participate.[117]

Average attendance

This graph displays the average attendance for home matches of Ajax from 1988 to 2018, whereby the difference in capacity of the De Meer Stadion and the Johan Cruyff Arena (est. 1996) is clearly visible.

11926
16585
22382
18994
21488
22742
23600
21922
48069
48423
41275
40711
36347
35584
47571
48996
49353
46912
48562
49089
49014
48681
47316
50147
50490
50907
49403
49483
49620
49711
88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18

Mascot

Jewish connection

Supporters withIsraeli flagsin 2008

Historically, Ajax was popularly seen as having "Jewish roots". While it had fewer Jewish players thanWV-HEDW,Ajax has had a Jewish image since the 1930s when the home stadium was located next to a Jewish neighbourhood ofAmsterdam-Oostand opponents saw many supporters walking through the Nieuwmarkt/Waterloopleinbuurt (de Jodenhoek—the "Jews' corner" ) to get to the stadium.[119]The city of Amsterdam was historically referred to as aMokumcity, Mokum (מקום) being theYiddishword for "place" or "safe haven",[120]and asanti-Semiticchants and name calling developed and intensified at the oldDe Meer Stadionfrom frustrated supporters of opposing clubs, Ajax fans (few of whom are Jewish)[121]responded by embracing Ajax's "Jewish" identity: calling themselves "super Jews", chanting "Jews, Jews" ( "Joden, Joden" ) at games, and adopting Jewish symbols such as theStar of Davidand theIsraeli flag.[121][122]

This Jewish imagery eventually became a central part of Ajax fans' culture.[122]At one point, ringtones of "Hava Nagila",aHebrewfolk song,could be downloaded from the club's official website.[121]Beginning in the 1980s, fans of Ajax's rivals escalated their anti-Semitic rhetoric, chanting slogans like "Hamas,Hamas/Jews to thegas"(" Hamas, hamas, joden aan het gas "), hissing to imitate the flow of gas, givingNazi salutes,and other things.[121][123]The eventual result was that many genuinely Jewish Ajax fans stopped going to games.[121]

In the 2000s, the club began trying to persuade fans to drop its Jewish image.[124]In 2013, a documentary titledSuperjewswas released byNTRand Viewpoint Productions which premiered at theInternational Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam(IDFA). The film was directed by Nirit Peled, an Israeli living in Amsterdam, and an independent film maker who offers a very personal view into the game, the lore of Ajax and its relation toJudaismfrom both the supporters as well as from a Jewish perspective.[125]

Main article:November 2024 Amsterdam attacks

Before and after a UEFA Europa League game between theIsraeliteamMaccabi Tel Avivand Ajax on Thursday 7 November 2024 in the Johan Cruyff Arena, tensions surrounding theIsrael–Hamas warerupted into violence.[126][127]

Players

Current squad

As of 19 September 2024[128]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
2 DF NED Devyne Rensch
3 DF DEN Anton Gaaei
4 DF NED Jorrel Hato
5 DF NED Owen Wijndal
6 MF ENG Jordan Henderson(captain)
8 MF NED Kenneth Taylor
9 FW NED Brian Brobbey
10 FW ENG Chuba Akpom
11 FW BEL Mika Godts
12 GK NED Jay Gorter
13 DF TUR Ahmetcan Kaplan
15 DF NED Youri Baas
16 MF NOR Sivert Mannsverk
18 MF NED Davy Klaassen
19 FW NED Julian Rijkhoff
No. Pos. Nation Player
20 FW BFA Bertrand Traoré
21 MF NED Branco van den Boomen
22 GK NED Remko Pasveer
23 MF NED Steven Berghuis(vice-captain)
24 DF ITA Daniele Rugani(on loan fromJuventus)
25 FW NED Wout Weghorst
27 FW NED Amourricho van Axel Dongen
28 MF NED Kian Fitz-Jim
29 FW DEN Christian Rasmussen
30 DF ARG Gastón Ávila
33 MF BIH Benjamin Tahirović
36 DF NED Dies Janse
37 DF CRO Josip Šutalo
38 MF ISL Kristian Hlynsson
40 GK GER Diant Ramaj

Players out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules.Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF NED Tristan Gooijer(atPEC Zwolleuntil 30 June 2025)
— DF CRO Jakov Medić(atVfL Bochumuntil 30 June 2025)
— DF CRO Borna Sosa(atTorinountil 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— FW POR Carlos Forbs(atWolvesuntil 30 June 2025)
— FW TUR Naci Ünüvar(atEspanyoluntil 30 June 2025)

Retired numbers

Main article:Retired numbers in association football
The iconic number 14, retired in 2007 to honor Johan Cruyff
  • 14–Johan Cruyff(Forward,1964–73, 1981–83).Number retired on 25 April 2007 at Cruyff's 60th birthday celebration match.[129]

[note 1]

Notes:

  1. ^Number 34 has not been reissued sinceAbdelhak Nouri(who played for Ajax from 2015 to 2017) suffered extremecardiac arrhythmiain a friendly match againstWerder Bremen,[130]but the number is not officially retired.

Youth/reserves squad

For the reserve squad of Ajax see:Jong Ajax.

Notable former players

Main article:List of AFC Ajax players
For a list of all Ajax players with a Wikipedia article, seeCategory:AFC Ajax players.

Board and staff

Current board

Executive Board
  • Chairman:Ernst Boekhorst
    • Board members:8– (John Busink,Marjon Eijlers,Giovanni Fränkel,Sirik Goeman,Pim van Dord,René Zegerius,Edo Ophof,Christian Visser.
Board of Directors
  • Chief executive officer:Menno Geelen(ad interim)
  • Chief financial officer:Susan Lenderink
  • Chief commercial officer:Cas Biesta(ad interim)
  • Technical Director:Alex Kroes
  • Director of Football:Marijn Beuker
Supervisory Board

Current staff

Coaching staff
  • Head coach:Francesco Farioli
  • Assistant coaches:Daniele Cavalletto
    Dave Vos
    Felipe Sanchez Mateos
  • Goalkeeping coach:Jarkko Tuomisto
  • Goalkeeping coach:Erik Heijblok
  • Performance coach:Sam Feringa
  • Video analyst:Osman Kul
  • Video analyst:Kevin Keij
Medical staff
  • Team doctor:Bas Peijs
  • Head physio:Maarten Gozeling
  • Club doctor:Niels Wijne
  • Fitness coach:Callum Walsh
  • Fitness coach:Maikel van Wijk
  • Physiotherapist:Frank van Deursen
Accompanying staff

List of Ajax chairmen

  • Floris Stempel(1900–08)
  • Chris Holst (1908–10)
  • Han Dade(1910–12)
  • Chris Holst (1912–13)
  • Willem Egeman (1913–25)
  • Frans Schoevaart (1925–32)
  • Marius Koolhaas (1932–56)
  • Wim Volkers(1956–58)
  • Jan Melchers (1958–64)
  • Jaap van Praag(1964–78)
  • Ton Harmsen (1978–88)
  • Michael van Praag(1989–2003)
  • John Jaakke (2003–08)
  • Uri Coronel(2008–11)
  • Hennie Henrichs (2011–20)
  • Frank Eijken (2020–2023)
  • Ernst Boekhorst (2023–present)

List of Ajax coaches

Honours

Main article:List of AFC Ajax honours
Several of Ajax' international trophies
Type Competition Titles Seasons
Domestic Eredivisie 36

1917–18,1918–19,1930–31,1931–32,1933–34,1936–37,1938–39,1946–47,1956–57,1959–60 ,1965–66,1966–67,1967–68,1969–70,1971–72,1972–73,1976–77,1978–79,1979–80,1981–82,1982–83,1984–85,1989–90,1993–94,1994–95,1995–96,1997–98,2001–02,2003–04,2010–11,2011–12,2012–13,2013–14,2018–19,2020–21,2021–22

KNVB Cup 20

1916–17, 1942–43, 1960–61, 1966–67, 1969–70,1970–71,1971–72,1978–79,1982–83,1985–86,1986–87,1992–93,1997–98,1998–99,2001–02,2005–06,2006–07,2009–10,2018–19,2020–21

Johan Cruyff Shield 9

1993,1994,1995,2002,2005,2006,2007,2013,2019

Continental UEFA Champions League 4 1970–71,1971–72,1972–73,1994–95
UEFA Europa League 1

1991–92

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1

1986–87

UEFA Super Cup 2

1973,1995

Worldwide Intercontinental Cup 2 1972,1995
  • record
  • sshared record

Ajax also won in 1972, however UEFA only sanctioned the UEFA Super Cup for the first time in 1973 so the 1972 edition was an unofficial one. Played againstRangers,winners of the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, it went ahead as 'a celebration of the Centenary of Rangers F.C.' (see below) becauseRangerswas serving a one-year ban at the time, imposed by UEFA for the misbehaviour of its fans. That victory meant Ajax had won every tournament (5 in total) they entered that year, a featCelticachieved in 1967 (with 6 trophies),Barcelonain 2009 (6 trophies), andBayernin 2020 (also 6 trophies).

Other trophies

Ajax have won numerousfriendlytournaments, unsanctioned by UEFA or FIFA, including theAmsterdam Tournament,Bruges Matins Trophy,Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu,Eusébio Cup,Ted Bates Trophy,Jalkapalloturnaus andChippie Polar Cup(for a complete list, see:list of AFC Ajax honours).

Club Awards

1995
1969, 1971, 1972, 1973
  • Dutch Sports Team of the Year:5
1968, 1969, 1972, 1987, 1995[131]
  • Sports Team of the Year:1
1990
  • Dick van Rijn Trophy:1
1995
2011, 2013, 2014[132]
  • ING Fair Play Award:2
2013, 2014[133][134]
  • Fair Play Cup:1
1995
20th Century
20th Century
  • Best Dutch club after 50 years of professional football:1
2004[135]
  • Football shirt of the Year:Ajax away shirt by adidas
2013–14[136]
  • The Four-Four-Two Greatest Club Side Ever:Ajax (1965–1973)
2013[137]
  • VVCS Best Pitch of the Year:1
2012

Honorary club members

Ajax have a total of 50 honorary club members, from people who have been invested within the club's administrative engagements, to committed players who have excelled in the athletic department. Of those 50 members 41 have since died. Nine members still remain, includingLouis van Gaal.He was made honorary member in 2024.[138]

The remaining 41 honorary members who have since died:[139]

Results

Historical chart of league performance

Domestic results

Below is a table with Ajax's domestic results since the introduction of theEredivisiein 1956.

Continental results

Main article:AFC Ajax in European football

Team records

Main article:List of AFC Ajax records and statistics

Club van 100

Main article:Club van 100 (AFC Ajax)

The Club van 100 is the official list ofFootballplayers who have appeared in one hundred or more official matches for AFC Ajax. The club currently has a total of over 150 members.[140]The record for league appearances is held byMr. AjaxhimselfSjaak Swart,who appeared in 463 league matches for Ajax.[141]There is a beneficiary team called Lucky Ajax, which was initiated by Sjaak Swart. Lucky Ajax participate in at least one match a year, usually in the name of charity, and commonly at football ceremonies to bid farewell to retiring players. One of the prerequisites for playing on Lucky Ajax, which is invitational only, is that you are a member of the Club van 100, having made at least 100 official match appearances for Ajax in the first team of the club.[142]

Lucky Ajax

Lucky Ajax is a beneficiary team that was initiated by Sjaak Swart in the seventies, competing in at least one match a year, usually in the name of charity and/or to bid farewell to retiring former Ajax players. The team is made up of various members of theClub van 100of Ajax who will come out of retirement for this match to face the Ajax squad that is current of that year.[143]Past participants have includedBarry Hulshoff,Sonny Silooy,Simon Tahamata,Ronald Koeman,Tscheu La Ling,Gerrie Mühren,John van 't Schip,Brian Roy,Stanley Menzo,Peter van VossenandFred Grim.[144]The name Lucky Ajax is derived from the famous "Lucky Ajax" nickname from how people used to refer to the club when Ajax would either win a match by chance, by a decision of a referee, or by coincidence such as was said to be the case during the infamousMistwedstrijd( "Fog Match" ).[145]

Number 14 shirt

Main article:list of retired numbers in association football

As of the2007–08 season,no player could wear the number 14 shirt at Ajax after the club decided to retire the shirt out of respect for Johan Cruyff,[146]"the legendary number fourteen".[147]Cruyff himself laughed off the tribute, saying the club had to let its best player play with number 14.[148]Spanish midfielderRogerwas the last player to wear the number.Marvin Zeegelaarwore the shirt number In preparation for the2011–12 seasonin one preseason match, whileAras Özbilizwore the number 14 shirt in one pre-season match ahead of the2011–12 seasonas well. The club stated that this was, in fact, not done in error.[149]

Below is a list of all players to wear the number 14 shirt since Johan Cruyff's departure.[150]

From 1983 to 1997, reserves no longer received permanent shirt numbers.

Former captains

Tenure Player
1964–1967 Frits Soetekouw
1967–1970 Gert Bals
1970–1971 Velibor Vasović
1971–1972 Piet Keizer
1972–1973 Johan Cruyff
1973–1974 Piet Keizer
1974–1980 Ruud Krol
1980–1981 Frank Arnesen
1981–1983 Søren Lerby
1983–1985 Dick Schoenaker
1985 Frank Rijkaard
1985–1987 Marco van Basten
1987–1990 John van 't Schip
1990–1999 Danny Blind
1999–2001 Aron Winter
2001–2003 Cristian Chivu
2003–2004 Jari Litmanen
2004–2005 Rafael Van der Vaart
2005–2006 Tomáš Galásek
2006–2007 Jaap Stam
2007–2009 Klaas-Jan Huntelaar
2009 Thomas Vermaelen
2009–2011 Luis Suárez
2011 Maarten Stekelenburg
2011–2012 Jan Vertonghen
2012–2014 Siem de Jong
2014–2015 Niklas Moisander
2015–2017 Davy Klaassen
2017–2018 Joël Veltman
2018–2019 Matthijs de Ligt
2019–2023 Dušan Tadić
2023–2024 Steven Bergwijn
2024– Jordan Henderson

Team tournaments

Amsterdam Tournament

Main article:Amsterdam Tournament

Established in 1975 as theAmsterdam 700 Tournamentto celebrate 700 years of history in the city.[151]The tournament was hosted annually each summer by Ajax until 1992, when the last edition of the original tournament was played. It returned in 1999 with the backing of the International Event Partnership (IEP).[152]Four teams participated in the competition, played in a league format since 1986.[151]Since its return,[153]the tournament used an unusual point scoring system. As with most league competitions, three points were awarded for a win, one for a draw, and none for a loss. An additional point, however, was awarded for each goal scored.[154]The system was designed to reward teams that adopted a more attacking style of play.[155]Each entrant played two matches, with the winner being the club that finished at the top of the table.[156]The original competition was held at Het Olympisch Stadion where Ajax played the bigget games until 1996.[157]The Amsterdam Arena (now Johan Cruyff Arena) played host to the event since its return until the last edition was played in 2009. Ajax is the most successful team of the tournament, having won it a record ten times, whileBenficafromPortugalwas the last team to win the tournament, in 2009.

Copa Amsterdam

Main article:Copa Amsterdam

Established in 2005, theCopa Amsterdamis an international friendly football tournament for Under-19 youth teams, that is organized by Ajax and theAmsterdam city council,which takes place at theOlympic Stadiumas part of the annual Amsterdam Sports Weekend, a citywide sponsored initiative to promote 'sports and recreation' within the city of Amsterdam.[158]Each Summer the city of Amsterdam and Ajax invite U-19 teams from various top clubs from around the World to participate in the tournament. Seven teams are invited and play in the competition every year. Over the years, clubs such asBarcelona,Juventus,ChelseaandReal Madridhave had their senior youth teams participate in the tournament.[159]CruzeirofromBrazilis the most successful club in the history of the tournament, having won it three times in total.

Future Cup

Main article:Future Cup

Established in 2010, theAEGON Future Cupis an international friendly tournament for Under-17 youth teams, which is organized by AFC Ajax and their main sponsor, the insurance companyAEGON.The tournament is held each year at the Johan Cruyff Arena and at theSportpark De Toekomst,the team's training ground, which also inspired the name of the competition, sinceDe Toekomstin Dutch means The Future.[160]Every year during theEasterweekend, six U-17 teams are invited to participate in the competition, while the seventh place for the contesters is reserved for the winners of the "Craques Mongeral AEGON Future Cup" in Brazil, the sister competition of the tournament inSouth America.[161]Youth teams from top clubs such asManchester United,Bayern Munich,Milanand many more have participated in the competition over the years.[162]Ajax is the most successful club of the tournament, having won the trophy a total of five times.

See also

Bibliography

  • (in Dutch)David Endt,De godenzonen van Ajax,Rap, Amsterdam, 1993,ISBN90-6005-463-6
  • (in Dutch)Jan Baltus Kok,Naar Ajax. Mobiliteitspatronen van bezoekers bij vier thuiswedstrijden van Ajax,University of Amsterdam,Amsterdam, 1992,ISSN0922-5625
  • Simon Kuper,Ajax, The Dutch, The War. Football in Europe during the Second World War,Orion Books,London (Translation of: Ajax, de Joden en Nederland ( "Ajax, the Jews, The Netherlands)",[163]2003,ISBN0-7528-4274-9
  • (in Dutch)Evert Vermeer,95 jaar Ajax. 1900–1995,Luitingh-Sijthoff, Amsterdam, 1996,ISBN90-245-2364-8
Wikimedia Commons has media related toAFC Ajax.

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52°18′51″N4°56′31″E/ 52.31417°N 4.94194°E/52.31417; 4.94194

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