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Long-distance Amtrak routes

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TheLong Distance Service Lineis the division ofAmtrakresponsible for operating allintercity passenger trainservices in the United States longer than 750 miles (1,210 km). There are fourteen such routes as of 2024,serving over 300 stations in 39 states.[3]

Long Distance Service Line
The Capitol Limited arriving at Harpers Ferry en route from Washington, D.C., to Chicago
TheCapitol Limitedarriving atHarpers Ferryen route fromWashington, D.C.,toChicago
Overview
LocaleContiguous United States
Transit typeInter-city rail
Number of lines15
Annual ridership3,944,124[1]
WebsiteLong Distance Trains – Amtrak
Operation
Began operationMay 1, 1971
Operator(s)Amtrak
Technical
Track gauge4 ft8+1⁄2in(1,435 mm)standard gauge
Average speed48 mph (77 km/h) between stations[2]
Top speed125 mph (201 km/h) (NEC)
System map

Amtrak's long-distance routes form the backbone of the US national rail network, providing an alternative to intercity drives or flights. They are also noted for their scenery, and are popular as vacations and experiential travel.[4]A few routes provide direct service toNational Parks,[note 1]withAmtrak Thruwaybuses reaching many more.[5]

The rider experience of Amtrak's long-distance trains is distinct from itsNortheast Corridorand state-supported services. All trains except thePalmettoinvolve at least one night of travel, and so are outfitted withsleepinganddining cars.[3]Routes depart once daily in each direction, at most, so some stops are served only at night.[6]Delays are commonplace on long-distance trains, as the tracks are generally controlled by freight railroad companies.[7]

While anchored by major cities, long-distance trains also serve many rural communities en route (unlike commercial flights). A minority of passengers ride an entire route at once, with most traveling between a terminus and an intermediate stop.[8]In FY2023, Amtrak's long-distance trains carried 3,944,124 riders, around 14% of the company's total.[1]However, the routes account for about 42% of passenger miles traveled.[8]

Operations

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Rolling stock

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TheSuperlinerSightseer Lounge aboard theSouthwest Chief

Amtrak operates two types of long-distance trains: single-level and bi-level. Due to height restrictions on theNortheast Corridor,all six routes that terminate atNew York Penn Stationoperate as single-level trains withAmfleetcoaches andViewlinersleeping cars. The remaining nine long-distance routes operate as bi-level trains withSuperlinercoaches and sleeping cars. Both single-level and bi-level trains are equipped with Viewlinerbaggage cars.Amtrak plans to replace all of its long-distance rail cars by 2032, except for theViewliner IIfleet.[9]

Long-distance trains are typically hauled byGE Genesisdiesel locomotives. Trains which traverse the Northeast Corridor useSiemens ACS-64electric locomotives for that segment of their routes, switching engines atWashington Union Station.Amtrak is in the process of replacing all of its long-distance locomotives with diesel-electricSiemens Chargerunits by 2032.[9]In 2022 theEmpire Builderbecame the first route to receive the new locomotives.[10]

Speed

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In FY2022, Amtrak's long-distance trains averaged 48 mph (77 km/h) between stations.Dwell timeat stations averaged four minutes each, while dwell time at stations with crew changes or enroute servicing averaged 20 minutes each.[2]Trains operating on the Northeast Corridor reach top speeds of 125 mph (201 km/h) in some stretches. The top speed for long-distance trains outside the northeast is 100 mph (160 km/h), reached by theTexas EaglebetweenChicagoandSt. Louis.[11]

Dividing trains

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In a practice not seen elsewhere in the Amtrak network, four long-distance trainsdividepartway along their routes. This allows trains to serve multiple endpoints without requiring passengers to transfer, and provides efficiency over the shared route segments. Westbound fromChicagotheEmpire Builderdivides atSpokane,with sections toSeattleandPortland.Eastbound from Chicago theLake Shore Limiteddivides atAlbany–Rensselaer,with sections toNew YorkandBoston.TheTexas EagleandSunset Limitedare combined betweenLos AngelesandSan Antonio,where theTexas Eaglecontinues to Chicago and theSunset LimitedtoNew Orleans.On the reverse trips the trains are coupled at these stations.

Baggage, bicycles, and pets

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All long-distance Amtrak trains have checked baggage service, save for theAuto Train,which instead allows passengers to transport items in their vehicles. On every other route, passengers are allowed two personal items, two carry-on bags, and two free checked bags. Two additional bags, oversized bags, and bicycles may be checked for a fee. However, baggage and bikes cannot be checked at certain unstaffed stations.[12][13][14][15]Small dogs and cats in carriers are allowed on trips shorter than seven hours for an additional fee. Service animals are exempt from pet restrictions.[16]

Dining

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Dining car breakfast served aboard theCalifornia Zephyr

All long-distance routes have café car service offering takeaway meals, snacks, drinks, and alcohol.[17]As of 2023,sleeping car passengers also have access to one of two types of restaurant-style dining. Traditional Dining is available on eight routes and consists of full table service in adining car.Six routes instead feature Flexible Dining, where passengers may order hot meals to be delivered to their room or lounge.[18][19]Passengers may also bring their own food and drink.[20]

Wi-Fi and cell service

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Amtrak provides free basic Wi-Fi on seven of its long-distance routes: theAuto Train,Cardinal,Crescent,Lake Shore Limited,Palmetto,Silver Meteor,andFloridian.The service is intended to support low-bandwidth uses only.[21]Onboard internet is dependent on cell towers along the route of the train, so speed and availability correspond to regional cell coverage.[22]

Routes

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Name Western terminus Eastern terminus Numbers Miles (km) Average duration Passenger cars[9] Dining Wi-Fi[21] Round trips per week
Palmetto Savannah New York 89, 90 829 (1,334) 15 hr 19 min Amfleet[note 2] Café only Yes 7
Cardinal Chicago New York 50, 51 1,147 (1,846) 27 hr 45 min Amfleet II,Viewliner Flexible 3
Crescent New Orleans New York 19, 20 1,377 (2,216) 31 hr 42 min 7
Lake Shore Limited[note 3] Chicago New York 48, 49 959 (1,543) 19 hr 41 min
Boston 448, 449 1,018 (1,638) 21 hr 45 min
Silver Meteor Miami New York 97, 98 1,389 (2,235) 27 hr 44 min Traditional
Floridian[note 4] Miami Chicago 40, 41 2,076 (3,341) 47 hours
City of New Orleans New Orleans Chicago 58, 59 926 (1,490) 19 hr 30 min Superliner Flexible No
Auto Train[note 5] Sanford, Florida Lorton, Virginia 52, 53 855 (1,376) 17 hr Traditional Yes
California Zephyr Emeryville, California Chicago 5, 6 2,438 (3,924) 51 hr 55 min No
Coast Starlight Seattle Los Angeles 11, 14 1,377 (2,216) 34 hr 40 min
Empire Builder[note 6] Seattle Chicago 7, 8 2,206 (3,550) 45 hr 43 min
Portland, Oregon 27, 28 2,257 (3,632) 45 hr 23 min
Southwest Chief Los Angeles Chicago 3, 4 2,256 (3,631) 43 hr
Sunset Limited Los Angeles New Orleans 1, 2 1,995 (3,211) 46 hr 8 min 3
Texas Eagle[note 7] Los Angeles Chicago 421, 422 2,728 (4,390) 65 hr 45 min Traditional (LAX–SAS)
San Antonio 21, 22 1,306 (2,102) 31 hr 30 min Flexible 7

History

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Amtrak's long-distance network is a legacy of therailroad age,when trains operated by private railroad companies were the fastest and sometimes only mode of intercity transportation. The mid-20th century saw steepdisinvestmentin passenger rail relative to air and highway travel. Passenger trains became financial burdens for railroad companies, who sought to discontinue them. As a solution, Congress created Amtrak, a government-owned company, to operate intercity rail as a public service.Most railroads opted-inand transferred their passenger rail operations to Amtrak on May 1, 1971.[23]After theSouthern Railwayopted-in to Amtrak in 1979, and theDenver and Rio Grande Western Railroadin 1983, Amtrak was left as the sole long-distance train operator in the US.

In thePassenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008(PRIIA), Congress divided Amtrak's routes into three strictly-defined service lines:Northeast Corridorroutes, short distance corridors (less than 750 mi (1,210 km)), and long-distance routes of more than 750 mi (1,210 km). Unlike short distance "state-supported" corridors, long-distance routes could continue to receive full federal funding.[24][25]

Major route changes

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1970s

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In Amtrak's first year, 1971, it significantly overhauled the long-distance rail network in the United States. In addition to selecting which existing routes to retain, Amtrak created several new routes: theCoast Starlight,North Coast Hiawatha,andLake Shore.It also renamed several routes: theSpirit of St. Louisbecame theNational Limited,theCity of New OrleansthePanama Limited,and theSouth WindtheFloridian.The following year, 1972, theCity of San Franciscowas renamed theSan Francisco Zephyrand theLake Shorewas discontinued.

TheNorth Coast Hiawatha(1971–1979) atBozeman Passen route toBillings

TheInter-Americanentered service in 1973 as short-distance train betweenLaredoandFort Worth.It was extended north toSt. Louisin 1974 and further toChicagoin 1976. In 1974 Amtrak renamed theSuper Chiefto theSouthwest Limitedand theTexas Chiefto theLone Starfollowing theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railwayrevoking permission to use the "Chief" names.

TheMountaineerandLake Shore Limitedbegan service in 1975, and thePalmettoin 1976. TheMountaineerlasted only until 1977, at which point it was replaced by theHilltopper.ThePioneeralso entered service in 1977, and theJames Whitcomb Rileywas renamed theCardinal.

1979 was a year of major restructuring. Six long-distance routes were discontinued by theCarter Administrationfor not meeting a minimum farebox recovery ratio: theLone Star,Champion,North Coast Hiawatha,National Limited,Floridian,andHilltopper.As limited compensation, aHoustonsection was added to theInter-American,aSt. Petersburgsection to theSilver Meteor,and theEmpire Builderwas rerouted toSt. Cloud.[26]: 38 Meanwhile, theSouthern Railwaytransferred its last remaining passenger route, theSouthern Crescent,to Amtrak, who renamed it theCrescent.TheDesert Windalso entered service in 1979.

1980s

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ThePioneer(1977–1997) in theColumbia River Gorgeen route fromBoisein the 1980s

In 1981 theCapitol Limitedbegan service, while theInter-Americanwas truncated to San Antonio, stripped of its Houston section, and renamed theEagle.TheEmpire Builderwas rerouted toWenatchee,bypassing theYakima Valley,while aPortlandsection was added. ThePanama Limitedwas renamed back to theCity of New Orleansin hopes of capitalizing on thesong of the same name.

TheDenver and Rio Grande Western Railroadopted-in to Amtrak in 1983. As a result, Amtrak rerouted itsSan Francisco Zephyrover the former route of the D&RGW'sRio Grande ZephyrbetweenDenverandSalt Lake City,renaming the train theCalifornia Zephyr.Amtrak also began operating theAuto Trainin 1983.

In 1984 Amtrak renamed theSouthwest Limitedto theSouthwest Chiefalongside the deployment ofSuperlinerequipment, and also initiated theRiver Citiesas a section of theCity of New Orleans.In 1988 theEaglewas renamed theTexas Eagle,and in 1989 Amtrak began theGulf Breezeas a section of theCrescent.

1990s

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In 1990 theCapitol LimitedandBroadway Limitedwere rerouted betweenPittsburghand Chicago, bypassingFort Wayne.TheCapitol Limitedwas moved to serveClevelandandSouth Bend,theBroadway LimitedtoYoungstownandAkron.

TheDesert Wind(1979–1997) atCajon Passen route fromLas Vegasin 1991

Amtrak extended theSunset Limitedeast toFloridain 1993, creating its only coast-to-coast route. TheRiver Citieswas discontinued the same year.

Amtrak discontinued the Tampa section of theSilver Meteorin 1994.

In 1995 Amtrak discontinued theGulf Breeze,Palmetto,andBroadway Limited,the latter being partially replaced with the short-distanceThree Rivers.Meanwhile, theCity of New Orleanswas rerouted west toGreenwoodbetweenMemphisandJackson.

In 1996 theThree Riverswas extended to Chicago and theSilver Palmwas introduced, essentially restoring service on the routes of theBroadway LimitedandPalmettothat had ended the prior year. TheSunset Limitedwas rerouted to bypassPhoenixat the request ofUnion Pacific.

TheThree Rivers(1995–2005) roundingHorseshoe Curvein 2002

In 1997, funding issues forced Amtrak to discontinue theDesert WindandPioneer,severingLas Vegas,Wyoming,andSouthern Idahofrom the rail network.[27]

2000s

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TheSilver Palmwas renamed toPalmettoin 2002, restoring the route's former name. In 2005 theThree Riverswas discontinued following the cancellation of a relatedPostal Servicecontract. That same year, theSunset Limitedwas suspended east ofNew Orleansdue to track damage fromHurricane Katrina.

2020s

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In November 2024 Amtrak truncated theSilver Starat Washington and merged it with theCapitol Limited,creating a single Chicago–Washington–Miami route: theFloridian.[28]This was the first direct train service between the Midwest and Florida since the 1979 discontinuance of the originalFloridian,albeit following a longer route.

Table of discontinued Amtrak long-distance routes

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Discontinued Amtrak long-distance routes
Name Year started[note 8] Year discontinued Eastern terminus Western terminus Later analog
James Whitcomb Riley 1971 1977 Washington, DC Chicago, IL Cardinal
Mountaineer 1975 1977 Norfolk, VA Chicago, IL Hilltopper
Champion 1971 1979 New York, NY St. Petersburg, FL Silver Meteor
Floridian 1971 1979 Miami, FL

St. Petersburg, FL

Chicago, IL
Hilltopper 1977 1979 Boston, MA Catlettsburg, KY Night Owl
Lone Star 1974 1979 Chicago, IL Houston, TX Inter-American
National Limited 1971 1979 New York, NY Kansas City, MO
North Coast Hiawatha 1971 1979 Chicago, IL Seattle, WA
Inter-American 1973 1981 Chicago, IL Laredo, TX Texas Eagle
River Cities 1984 1993 New Orleans, LA Kansas City, MO
Gulf Breeze 1989 1995 New York, NY Mobile, AL
Texas Eagle- Houston[note 9] 1988 1995 Chicago, IL Houston, TX
Sunset Limited- Phoenix 1971 1996 New Orleans, LA Los Angeles, CA Amtrak Thruway
Desert Wind 1979 1997 Chicago, IL Los Angeles, CA
Pioneer 1977 1997 Chicago, IL Seattle, WA
Silver Palm/Palmetto 1982/1976 1985/1995 New York, NY Tampa, FL

Miami, FL

Sunset Limited- East 1993 2005 Orlando, FL

Miami, FL

Los Angeles, CA
Broadway Limited/Three Rivers 1971, 1995 1995, 2005 New York, NY Chicago, IL

Timeline

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Proposed expansion

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In 2017, North Carolina and Connecticut were in talks to extend theCarolinianfromNew YorktoNew Haven.The resultant 779-mile (1,254 km) route would cross the 750-mile (1,210 km) threshold required to categorize theCarolinianas a long-distance train, thus freeing North Carolina of its funding obligations.[29][30]

Long-Distance Service Study

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In November 2021, Congress passed theInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.Section 22214 of the law orders theFederal Railroad Administration(FRA) to study the restoration of all long-distance Amtrak routes that had been discontinued, daily service on non-daily trains (theCardinalandSunset Limited), and the possibility of new long-distance routes—particularly those that were discontinued upon the formation of Amtrak.[31]

Work on theAmtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Studybegan in September 2022.[32]Materials published in February 2023 indicated that the FRA was studying 18 discontinued long-distance Amtrak routes, as well as four that were discontinued in 1971: theCity of Miami,George Washington,Pan-American,andSan Francisco Chief.[33]

In February 2024, the FRA released its preferred draft network of fifteen new long-distance routes. The plan would increase the coverage of the long-distance Amtrak network by 23,200 route miles, reaching an additional 45 million population, 61 metropolitan statistical areas, 24 congressional districts, twelveNational Park Service sites,and two states (WyomingandSouth Dakota). Another round of public input will take place before the final set of routes are recommended to Congress in spring 2024.[34][35]

Long-Distance Service Study draft preferred routes
Designation Route[note 10] Miles (km) Duration Historic analog
Chicago–Miami Chicago–Indianapolis–Louisville–Nashville–Chattanooga–Atlanta–Macon–Jacksonville–Orlando–Miami 1,529 (2,461) 36 hr Floridian
Dallas/Fort Worth–Miami Dallas–Fort Worth–Shreveport–Baton Rouge–New Orleans–Mobile–Pensacola–Tallahassee–Jacksonville–Miami 1,498 (2,411) 36 hr
Denver–Houston Denver–Colorado Springs–Trinidad–Amarillo–Dallas–Fort Worth–Bryan–Houston 1,096 (1,764) 26 hr Texas Zephyr
Los Angeles–Denver Los Angeles–Barstow–Las Vegas–Salt Lake City–Cheyenne–Denver 1,440 (2,320) 33 hr Desert Wind
Phoenix–Minneapolis/St. Paul Phoenix–Flagstaff–Albuquerque–Amarillo–Wichita–Kansas City–Omaha–Sioux Falls–Minneapolis–Saint Paul 2,186 (3,518) 48 hr
Dallas/Fort Worth–New York Dallas–Fort Worth–Oklahoma City–Tulsa–Springfield–St. Louis–Indianapolis–Cincinnati–Columbus–Pittsburgh–Philadelphia–New York City 1,854 (2,984) 45 hr National Limited
Houston–New York Houston–New Orleans–Mobile–Montgomery–Atlanta–Chattanooga–Lynchburg–Washington, D.C.–Philadelphia–New York City 1,840 (2,960) 44 hr Southerner
Seattle–Denver Seattle–Portland–Boise–Pocatello–Salt Lake City–Grand Junction–Denver 1,671 (2,689) 40 hr Pioneer
San Antonio–Minneapolis/St. Paul San Antonio–Dallas–Fort Worth–Tulsa–Kansas City–Des Moines–Minneapolis–Saint Paul 1,572 (2,530) 32 hr Twin Star Rocket
San Francisco–Dallas/Fort Worth San Francisco–Bakersfield–Barstow–Phoenix–Tucson–El Paso–Midland–Dallas–Fort Worth 1,911 (3,075) 43 hr
Detroit–New Orleans Detroit–Columbus–Cincinnati–Louisville–Nashville–Birmingham–Montgomery–Mobile–New Orleans 1,246 (2,005) 29 hr Pan-American
Denver–Minneapolis/St. Paul Denver–Cheyenne–Rapid City–Pierre–Sioux Falls–Minneapolis–Saint Paul 1,136 (1,828) 26 hr
Seattle–Chicago Seattle–Yakima–Spokane–Sandpoint–Helena–Billings–Bismarck–Fargo–Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Milwaukee–Chicago 2,096 (3,373) 50 hr North Coast Hiawatha
Dallas/Fort Worth–Atlanta Dallas–Fort Worth–Shreveport–Jackson–Meridian–Birmingham–Atlanta 870 (1,400) 22 hr
El Paso–Billings El Paso–Las Cruces–Albuquerque–Trinidad–Colorado Springs–Denver–Cheyenne–Casper–Billings 1,393 (2,242) 31 hr Shoshone

Notes

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  1. ^TheEmpire BuilderservesGlacier National Parkand theCardinalservesNew River Gorge National Park.
  2. ^No sleeping car service.
  3. ^Train divides atAlbany–Rensselaer.
  4. ^A temporary combination of theCapitol LimitedandSilver Stardue to construction in theEast River Tunnelsand the higher demand for Superliner cars on the western routes.
  5. ^Vehicle-transport train;only passengers transporting a car may ride. Makes no intermediate stops.
  6. ^TraindividesatSpokane.
  7. ^Combines with theSunset Limitedbetween San Antonio and Los Angeles three days per week.
  8. ^Start year under Amtrak (min 1971)
  9. ^Specifically refers to the Houston service
  10. ^Not all stops are listed.Italicsindicatecities lacking rail serviceat the time of the study.

References

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  1. ^ab"Amtrak FY23 Ridership"(PDF).Amtrak.RetrievedMarch 28,2024.
  2. ^ab"FRA Long-Distance Service Study: 1 Regional Working Group Meeting 3"(PDF).fralongdistancerailstudy.org.Federal Railroad Administration.February 2024. p. 116.RetrievedFebruary 19,2024.
  3. ^ab"FY 2022-2027 Service and Asset Line Plans"(PDF).Amtrak.RetrievedJune 25,2023.
  4. ^Rajesh, Monisha (October 18, 2022)."6 Scenic Amtrak Routes to Book Just for the Views".Condé Nast Traveler.RetrievedJune 26,2023.
  5. ^Vermillion, Stephanie (November 2, 2021)."How to Take a Train to All the Best National Parks".Outside Online.RetrievedJune 26,2023.
  6. ^Glaser, Susan (November 10, 2019)."Amtrak from Cleveland to Chicago: A rela xing ride despite middle-of-the-night departures, late trains".cleveland.RetrievedJune 26,2023.
  7. ^"Freight Delays and Your Amtrak Service".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedJune 26,2023.
  8. ^ab"Long Distance Trains: Multipurpose Mobility Machines"(PDF).railpassengers.org.Rail Passengers Association.RetrievedJune 25,2023.
  9. ^abc"Amtrak's FY 2022-2027 Service and Asset Line Plans"(PDF).Amtrak.p. 133.RetrievedSeptember 21,2023.
  10. ^Franz, Justin (February 8, 2022)."Amtrak's New ALC-42s to Enter Service Today".Railfan and Railroad Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on February 8, 2022.RetrievedFebruary 8,2022.
  11. ^Johnston, Bob (May 3, 2023)."110 mph Schedules Coming for Amtrak Chicago-St. Louis Corridor".Trains.RetrievedMay 6,2023.
  12. ^"Amtrak Carry-On Baggage Policy".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedOctober 3,2023.
  13. ^"Amtrak Checked Baggage Policy".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedOctober 3,2023.
  14. ^"Bring Your Bike on Amtrak".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedOctober 3,2023.
  15. ^"Amtrak Bike FAQs".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedOctober 3,2023.
  16. ^"Pets on Amtrak Trains".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedOctober 3,2023.
  17. ^"Amtrak National Café Menu Version 0723"(PDF).amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 28,2023.
  18. ^"Amtrak Traditional Dining".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 28,2023.
  19. ^"Amtrak Flexible Dining".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 28,2023.
  20. ^"Personal Food, Beverages and Medication on Amtrak".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 28,2023.
  21. ^ab"Journey with WiFi on Amtrak".amtrak.Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 29,2023.
  22. ^Segan, Sascha (January 25, 2022)."Can You Actually Work on Amtrak's Free Wi-Fi? We Tested It to Find Out".PCMAG.RetrievedSeptember 29,2023.
  23. ^Thoms 1973,pp. 38–39
  24. ^Szabo, Joseph C. (March 11, 2011)."The Implementation of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008".transportation.gov.US Department of Transportation.RetrievedJune 25,2023.
  25. ^"Overview, Highlights and Summary of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (PRIIA)"(PDF).railroads.dot.gov.Federal Railroad Administration.March 10, 2009.RetrievedJune 25,2023.
  26. ^Schafer, Mike (1991).All Aboard Amtrak: 1971–1991.Piscataway, New Jersey: Railpace Co.ISBN978-0-9621-5414-0.OCLC24545029.
  27. ^"The end of the line for an era".Times-News.Twin Falls, Idaho. May 9, 1997. p. E1.RetrievedNovember 13,2018– via Newspapers.
  28. ^Woods, Kimberly (September 23, 2024)."Amtrak Launching the Floridian, with Daily Service Between Chicago and Miami"(Press release). Amtrak.RetrievedSeptember 25,2024.
  29. ^"Carolinian's New Start"(PDF).All Aboard in the Carolinas.Carolinas Association of Passenger Trains. March–April 2017.RetrievedMarch 30,2023.
  30. ^Worley, Paul (March 22, 2017)."Rail Division"(PDF).ncleg.gov.North Carolina Department of Transportation.p. 9. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on January 10, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 10,2019.
  31. ^"What's in the Investment in Infrastructure and Jobs Act (IIJA)?".railpassengers.org.November 8, 2021.RetrievedSeptember 21,2023.
  32. ^Worrell, Carolina (November 2, 2022)."FRA Kicks Off Amtrak Daily Long-Distance Service Study".Railway Age.RetrievedSeptember 21,2023.
  33. ^"FRA Long Distance Service Study, Regional Working Group Meeting 1: Overview Presentation"(PDF).fralongdistancerailstudy.org.Federal Railroad Administration. February 2023.RetrievedSeptember 21,2023.
  34. ^Matthews, Jim (February 16, 2024)."The Round Three LD Map Is OUT!".railpassengers.org.Rail Passengers Association.RetrievedFebruary 17,2024.
  35. ^"FRA Long-Distance Service Study: 1 Regional Working Group Meeting 3"(PDF).fralongdistancerailstudy.org.Federal Railroad Administration.February 2024.RetrievedFebruary 19,2024.

Sources

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  • Thoms, William E. (1973).Reprieve for the Iron Horse: The AMTRAK Experiment–Its Predecessors and Prospects.Baton Rouge, LA: Claitor's Publishing Division.OCLC1094744.
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