Argentina national under-23 football team

TheArgentina Olympic football team(Argentina U-23since 1992) representsArgentinain internationalfootballcompetitions duringOlympic GamesandPan American Games.The selection is limited to players under the age of 23, except three overage players. The team is controlled by theArgentine Football Association(AFA).

Argentina Olympic
Shirt badge/Association crest
Nickname(s)La Selección
(The Selection)
La Albiceleste
(The White and Sky Blue)
AssociationAsociación del Fútbol Argentino
(Argentine Football Association)
ConfederationCONMEBOL
(South American Football Confederation)
Head coachVacant
CaptainThiago Almada
MostcapsJavier Mascherano(20)
Top scorerDomingo Tarasconi,Adolfo Gaich(9 each)
Home stadiumVarious
FIFA codeARG
Firstcolours
Secondcolours
First international
Argentina11–2United States
(Amsterdam,Netherlands;29 May 1928)
Biggest win
Argentina14–0Canary Islands
(Las Palmas,Spain;14 November 2019)
Biggest defeat
Brazil3–0Argentina
(Bucaramanga,Colombia;9 February 2020)
Japan3–0Argentina
(Kitakyushu,Japan;29 March 2021)
Japan5–2Argentina
(Shimizu,Japan;18 November 2023)
Olympic Games
Appearances10
Best resultGold medalist (2004,2008)
Pan American Games
Appearances15 (first in1951)
Best resultGold medalist (1951,1955,1959,1975,1995,2003,2019)
CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
Appearances12 (first in1960)
Best resultGold medalist (1960,1964,1980,2004,2020)

The first participation of Argentina in Olympic tournaments was in1928,when the team was runner-up to championsUruguayat the Games held inAmsterdam.By those times, rules stated that only amateur squads could compete,[1][2]so Argentina (and also Uruguay) played with senior players so football was still not professional in those countries by then.[3]

Argentina would not participate in Olympic Games until1960when the squad did a discrete performance finishing 7th. The team contested the competition with youth amateur players. After theIOCallowed professional players to participate (but with an age limit of 23 years old) Argentina returned in1996when the squad won their second silver medal after losing toNigeriain the final. In2004and coached byMarcelo Bielsa,Argentina won their first gold medal withCarlos Tevezfinishing as top scorer with eight goals.Four years later,Argentina won their second gold medal inBeijing,taking revenge against Nigeria with a 1–0 win in thefinal.

History

edit

First participation

edit
The team that won the Silver Medal at the1928 Olympics

Argentina took part for the first time in the1928 Olympic Gamesheld in the Netherlands. Although the Olympics were restricted to amateur teams only, Argentina competed with its senior squad so football was not professional in the country until1931.[1]The team advanced to the final after defeatingUnited Stateswith a thrashing 11–2 in the first round, andBelgium(6–3) in the second. In the semi-finals, the national team smashedEgyptby 6–0 to qualify for the final againstUruguay.

The first match ended in a 1–1 tie so a second game had to be played three days later. In the decisive match, Uruguay won the tournament after defeating Argentina 2–1, winning the Gold Medal. The Argentine line-up wasBossio,Bidoglio,Paternóster, Médice,Monti,Evaristo,Carricaberri,Tarasconi,Ferreira,Perduca,Orsi.Tarasconi was also the topscorer of the competition with 11 goals.[4]

1932–84: few participations

edit

In1932no football tournament was held, restarting the activities in1936(where Argentina did not take part), being interrupted due toWorld War IIuntil1948.Because of an agreement betweenFIFAand theIOC,only amateur players were allowed to play in the football tournaments from then on.

Argentina returned to football competition in the1960games held inRome.The squad was eliminated in the first round after a 3–2 loss toDenmark,although the team won its successive games againstTunisia(2–1) andPoland(2–0). Argentina placed second to Denmark.[5]

Argentina's next participation was at the1964 Summer Olympicsorganized byTokyo,where the team finished in the last position of the group after a 1–1 draw withGhanaand a 2–3 loss toJapan.[6]Since then, Argentina had a long absence from the games, not having taken part in the1968,1972,1976,1980and1984Olympics.

1988–92

edit

The national team returned for the1988 Summer Olympicsheld inSeoul.The changes made by the IOC since1984(where Argentina did not participate) allowed the squad to include professional players in their lists,[2]some of them with several years playing inPrimera División,such asLuis Islas,Pedro Monzón,Néstor Fabbri,Darío SiviskiandJorge Comas,among others. In the group stage, Argentina tied 1–1 to the United States, then beatSouth Koreaby 2–1, finishing second to theSoviet Unionand qualifying to the next stage. In the quarter-finals, Argentina lost to Brazil 2–1, being eliminated from the competition.[7]

Since the1992 edition,the IOC stated that all football players should be under 23 years old, beyond they were professional or not. Coached byAlfio Basile,Argentina went to play the qualification tournament with experienced players such asDiego Simeone,Diego Latorre,Antonio Mohamed,Fernando GamboaandLeonardo Astrada,who had also won theCopa Américaone year before.[8]Nevertheless, Argentina failed toqualifyfor the games, finishing 3rd. in group B afterParaguayandColombiatherefore being eliminated in first round.[9]

Since the1996 Games,the IOC allowed squads to include a maximum of three over-23 players in their rosters.[2][10]

Return to podium

edit

Argentina came back to the competition in the1996edition held inAtlanta,United States. For the first time in the history of the Olympics, the IOC allowed football representatives to register a maximum of three above-23 players. The Argentine players registered under that condition wereDiego Simeone,José ChamotandRoberto Sensini.Formersenior teamcaptainDaniel Passarellawas the manager.

The national team debuted with a 3–1 victory over the United States, then tied toPortugaland Tunisia, both 1–1, to finish first the group and qualify for the second round. In the quarter-finals, Argentina trashedSpain4–0 which allowed the team to pass to the semi-finals, where it defeated Portugal 2–0. After 66 years since the first final played inAmsterdam,Argentina reached its second Olympic final. The match was played on 3 August 1996 and Argentina lost toNigeria2–3.[11]The line-up for the final was:Cavallero;Javier Zanetti,Roberto Ayala,Roberto Sensini,José Chamot;Christian Bassedas,Matías Almeyda,Ariel Ortega,Hugo Morales;Claudio LópezandHernán Crespo.Other players squad players includedCarlos Bossio,Marcelo GallardoandMarcelo Delgado.[12]In the next edition of the Games,2000,Argentina did not participate.

First gold

edit
Carlos Tevez,key player and top scorer (8 goals) in 2004, when Argentina won its first gold medal

The2004 Summer Olympicswere held inAthensand Argentina returned to the competition after the absence inSydney.The squad, managed byMarcelo Bielsa,won the gold medal for the first time in its history. Before playing the final, Argentina won all the games in the first round, thrashingSerbia and Montenegro6–0 then defeating Tunisia andAustralia.Argentina finished first in the group with no goals conceded. In the quarter-finals, Argentina smashedCosta Rica4–0, reaching the semi-finals againstItalywhich it beat 3–0. Argentina played the final againstParaguayon 28 August 2004, winning not only the game (1–0) but the gold medal as well.

Argentina won the competition with an astounding campaign, winning the six matches played, with no goals allowed during the tournament. The team also totaled 17 goals (2.83 per match). The line-up for the final was:Germán Lux;Fabricio Coloccini,Roberto Ayala,Gabriel Heinze;Lucho González,Javier Mascherano,Kily González,Andrés D'Alessandro,Carlos Tevez;Mauro RosalesandCésar Delgado.The most notable player of the tournament was Tevez, who finished as topscorer with eight goals.[13][14]

Second gold

edit
Lionel Messiagainst Brazil in the semi-final match in 2008, when the team won its second gold medal

The2008 Summer Olympicswere held inBeijingwhere Argentina, coached by former World ChampionSergio Batista,won their second consecutive gold medal. The squad debuted with a 2–1 victory over theIvory Coast,then defeatingAustralia(1–0) andSerbia(2–0). In the knockout stage, Argentina eliminated theNetherlands(aet) by 2–1, thrashedBrazilby 3–0 and won the gold medal in the final match againstNigeria,1–0.

Argentina won all the matches played (six), scoring 11 goals with only two conceded. Some of the most notable players of the tournament wereLionel Messi,Sergio Agüero,Ángel Di María,Éver Banega,Ezequiel Lavezzi,Fernando GagoandPablo Zabaleta,who would all play for the senior team in successive years.

The three over-23 years players wereJuan Román Riquelme,Javier Mascherano andNicolás Pareja.

2012–present

edit
Anthony Lozanoscores the goal for Honduras during the match where Argentina was eliminated in 2016

Argentina failed to qualify for the2012 Summer Olympicsheld inLondon.The2011 South American U-20 Championshipqualified the top two teams for the Olympics. Argentina failed to qualify in the final stage, finishing 3rd. after Brazil and Uruguay.

For the2016competition held inRio de Janeiro,most of the players called up for the squad were not given permission to play by their respective clubs, includingPaulo Dybala,Mauro Icardi,Matías Kranevitter,Luciano Vietto,Ramiro Funes Moriand goalkeeperAugusto Batalla,among others.[15]After the resignation ofGerardo Martinoas coach,Julio Olarticoechea(who was theArgentina U-20coach) was appointed to take over the team.[16]

AtRio 2016,the squad debuted with a 2–0 loss toPortugal,then defeatingAlgeria2–1. In the last fixture of group stage, Argentina drew 1–1 withHonduras,which caused the squad finished third in the group, not enough to qualify for the next round.[17]Some of Argentina's players wereÁngel Correa,Jonathan CalleriandCristian Pavón.

InTokyo 2020,Argentina debuted in group C with a 2–0 loss toAustralia,then beatingEgypt1–0. The team tied 1–1 toSpain,finishing third in the group and failing to qualify to the next stage.Fernando Batistawas the head coach. Like the previous edition in Rio, several clubs denied their players to play for Argentina, some examples wereGonzalo Montiel,Cristian Romero, Exequiel Palacios,Lautaro Martínez,Julián Álvarez,Lisandro Martínez, Nicolás Domínguez, Nicolás González, and Nahuel Molina (went on vacation after playing the2019 Copa América); on the other hand, footballers playing for teams outside Argentine were not also allowed to play, such asMatías Zaracho,Nicolás Capaldo,Juan Foyth,Marcos Senesi, andLeonardo Balerdi.The large list of players denied also included over-23 playersCarlos Izquierdoz,Enzo Pérez,Ángel Correa,Nacho Fernández,Sebastián Driussi,Agustín Marchesín,andJuan Musso.[18]

Rivalries

edit

Brazil

edit

TheArgentinaandBrazilnationalfootballteams aresporting rivals.

Results and fixtures

edit

The following matches have been played within the past 12 months.

Win Draw Loss

2023

edit
13 October 2023(2023-10-13)FriendlyArgentina0–0VenezuelaEzeiza,Argentina
Report Stadium:Predio Lionel Andrés Messi
14 October 2023(2023-10-14)FriendlyArgentina1–1VenezuelaEzeiza, Argentina
  • Zapelli
Report Stadium:Predio Lionel Andrés Messi
18 November 2023(2023-11-18)FriendlyJapan5–2ArgentinaShimizu,Japan
14:00UTC+9
Report
Stadium:IAI Stadium Nihondaira
Attendance: 11,225
Referee:Chae Sang-hyeop(South Korea)
21 November 2023(2023-11-21)FriendlyJapan0–0ArgentinaShimizu, Japan
Report Stadium:IAI Stadium Nihondaira
14 December 2023(2023-12-14)FriendlyArgentina3–0EcuadorCaseros,Argentina
Report Stadium:Estadio Ciudad de Caseros
17 December 2023(2023-12-17)FriendlyArgentina2–0EcuadorEzeiza,Argentina
Report Stadium:Predio Lionel Andrés Messi

2024

edit
24 January 2024(2024-01-24)2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament Group BPeru0–2ArgentinaValencia, Venezuela
19:00 Report
Stadium:Estadio Misael Delgado
Referee:Gery Vargas(Bolivia)
30 January 2024(2024-01-30)2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament Group BChile0–5ArgentinaValencia, Venezuela
19:00 Report
Stadium:Estadio Misael Delgado
Referee:Alexis Herrera(Venezuela)
2 February 2024(2024-02-02)2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament Group BArgentina3–3UruguayValencia, Venezuela
19:00 Report Stadium:Estadio Misael Delgado
Referee:Jhon Ospina(Colombia)
8 February 2024(2024-02-08)2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament Final stageArgentina3–3ParaguayCaracas, Venezuela
16:00
Report Stadium:Estadio Brígido Iriarte
Referee:Gustavo Tejera(Uruguay)
11 February 2024(2024-02-11)2024 CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament Final stageBrazil0–1ArgentinaCaracas, Venezuela
16:30 Report Gondou78' Stadium:Estadio Brígido Iriarte
Referee:Christian Garay(Chile)
25 March 2024(2024-03-25)FriendlyMexico3–0ArgentinaPuebla,Mexico
Report Stadium:Estadio Cuauhtémoc
8 June 2024(2024-06-08)FriendlyArgentina4–0ParaguayBuenos Aires,Argentina
Report Stadium:Estadio Tomás Adolfo Ducó
Referee: Sebastián Zunino (Argentina)
10 June 2024(2024-06-10)FriendlyArgentina2–0ParaguayLanús,Argentina
15:00
Report Stadium:Estadio Ciudad de Lanús
Referee: Nazareno Arasa (Argentina)
19 July 2024(2024-07-19)FriendlyGuinea1–0ArgentinaVitré,France
--:--UTC+2
Stadium:Stade Municipal de Vitré
30 July 2024(2024-07-30)2024 Summer Olympics Group BUkraine0–2ArgentinaDécines-Charpieu, France
17:00 Report
Stadium:Stade de Lyon
2 August 2024(2024-08-02)2024 Summer Olympics QFFrance1–0ArgentinaBordeaux,France
21:00 Report Stadium:Nouveau Stade de Bordeaux
Referee: Ilgiz Tantashev (Uzbekistan)

Coaching staff

edit
As of 24 March 2024.
Position Name
Head coach Javier Mascherano
Assistant coach Lucas Pagano
Assistant coach Leandro Stillitano
Fitness coach Pablo Blanco
Goalkeeping coach Mauro Dobler

Players

edit

Current squad

edit

The following players were called-up for the2024 Olympics

  • Caps and goals correct as of 22 July 2024.- source:Official web
No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club
1 1GK Gerónimo Rulli (1992-05-20)20 May 1992(age 32) Marseille
12 1GK Leandro Brey (2002-09-21)21 September 2002(age 22) Boca Juniors

2 2DF Marco Di Cesare (2002-01-30)30 January 2002(age 23) Racing
3 2DF Julio Soler (2005-02-16)16 February 2005(age 19) Lanús
4 2DF Joaquín García (2001-08-20)20 August 2001(age 23) Vélez Sarsfield
6 2DF Bruno Amione (2002-01-03)3 January 2002(age 23) Santos Laguna
13 2DF Gonzalo Luján (2001-04-27)27 April 2001(age 23) Inter Miami
16 2DF Nicolás Otamendi (1988-02-12)12 February 1988(age 36) Benfica

5 3MF Ezequiel Fernández (2002-07-25)25 July 2002(age 22) Al-Qadsiah
7 3MF Kevin Zenón (2001-07-30)30 July 2001(age 23) Boca Juniors
8 3MF Cristian Medina (2002-06-01)1 June 2002(age 22) Boca Juniors
10 3MF Thiago Almada (2001-04-26)26 April 2001(age 23) Botafogo
11 3MF Claudio Echeverri (2006-01-02)2 January 2006(age 19) River Plate
14 3MF Santiago Hezze (2001-10-22)22 October 2001(age 23) Olympiacos

9 4FW Julián Álvarez (2000-01-31)31 January 2000(age 25) Atlético Madrid
15 4FW Luciano Gondou (2001-06-22)22 June 2001(age 23) Zenit
17 4FW Giuliano Simeone (2002-12-18)18 December 2002(age 22) Atlético Madrid
18 4FW Lucas Beltrán (2001-03-29)29 March 2001(age 23) Fiorentina

Top goalscorers in Olympic Games

edit
Domingo Tarasconi, all-time top scorer in Olympic Games with 11 goals in the 1928 edition
Rank. Player Games Goals Matches
1 Domingo Tarasconi 1928 11 5
2 Carlos Tévez 2004 8 6
3 Manuel Ferreira 1928 6 5
3 Hernán Crespo 1996 6 6
4 Juan Oleniak 1960 4 3
4 Roberto Cherro 1928 4 5
5 Carlos Alfaro Moreno 1988 3 4

Overage players in Olympic Games

edit
Tournament Player 1 Player 2 Player 3
José Chamot(DF) Roberto Sensini(DF) Diego Simeone(MF)
Roberto Ayala(DF) Gabriel Heinze(DF) Kily González(MF)
Nicolás Pareja(DF) Javier Mascherano(MF) Juan Román Riquelme(MF)
Gerónimo Rulli(GK) Víctor Cuesta(DF) did not select
Jeremías Ledesma(GK) did not select
Gerónimo Rulli(GK) Nicolás Otamendi(DF) Julián Álvarez(FW)

Competitive record

edit

Olympic Games

edit
Rules
  • 1900–1904:club teams[1][2]
  • 1908–1984:amateur / youth national teams[n1 1][n1 2]
  • 1988:professional players who had not played inFIFA World Cup[19]
  • 1992:under-23 national teams[2][10]
  • 1996–present:under-23 national teams (with three 'no age limit' players allowed, after an agreement betweenFIFAandOIC)[2][10]
Clarification notes
  • No South American teams competed between 1904–1920
  • The1928edition was played with theSenior squad
  • As no tournament was held in1932,no records are included
Olympic Gamesrecord
Year Host Round Pos. Pld. W D L GF GA Squad
1900–1924
Did not participate
1928 Silver medalists 5 3 1 1 25 8 Squad
1936 Did not participate[20]
1948 Did not participate
1952 Did not participate
1956 Did not participate
1960 Group stage 7th 3 2 0 1 6 4 Squad
1964 Group stage 10th 2 0 1 1 3 4 Squad
1968 Did not participate[n1 3]
1972 Did not qualify
1976 Did not qualify
1980 Qualified, but did not participate[n1 4]
1984 Did not participate[n1 3]
1988 Quarter-finals 8th 4 1 1 2 4 5 Squad
1992 Did not qualify
1996 Silver medalists 6 3 2 1 13 6 Squad
2000 Did not qualify
2004 Gold medalists 6 6 0 0 17 0 Squad
2008 Gold medalists 6 6 0 0 11 2 Squad
2012 Did not qualify
2016 Group stage 11th 3 1 1 1 3 4 Squad
2020 Group stage 10th 3 1 1 1 2 3 Squad
2024 Quarter-finals 7th 4 2 0 2 6 4 Squad
Total 10/22 2–2–0 42 25 7 10 90 40
Notes
  1. ^the 1924 and 1928 editions were co-organised withFIFA[1][10]
  2. ^Countries from Eastern Europe competed with professional players.[10]
  3. ^abArgentina did not contest theCONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournamenteither.
  4. ^Although Argentina had qualified to the Games and theCOAhad also announced the participation, any athlete from the country attended the Olympics.Venezuelareplaced Argentina at the competition.[21]

Other competitions

edit

CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament

edit
CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournamentrecord
Year Host Pos. Pld. W D L GF GA
1960 6 6 0 0 25 6
1964 5 5 0 0 11 1
1968 Did not participate
1971 7 1 5 1 7 6
1976 5 2 1 2 7 8
1980 6 5 1 0 13 2
1984 Ecuador Did not participate
1987 Bolivia 7 3 3 1 8 2
1992 Paraguay 5 4 2 1 1 4 3
1996 Argentina 7 6 1 0 21 3
2000 Brazil 7 3 1 3 12 9
2004 Chile 7 5 2 0 16 8
2020 Colombia 7 6 0 1 14 8
2024 Venezuela 7 3 4 0 17 9
Total 5–3–3 75 47 19 9 155 65

Pan American Games

edit
Rules (CONMEBOL)
  • 1951–1983:amateur senior teams
  • 1987–1995:youth teams
  • 1999:under-23 teams
  • 2003:under-20 teams
  • 2007:under-17 teams plus 3 no-age-limit players
  • 2011–present:under-22 teams plus 3 no-age-limit players[22]
Pan American Gamesrecord
Year Host Round Pos. Pld. W D L GF GA Squad
1951 Gold medalists 4 4 0 0 16 2
1955 Gold medalists 6 5 1 0 23 7
1959 Gold medalists 6 5 1 0 20 4
1963 Silver medalists 4 2 2 0 11 3
1967 Group stage 5th 3 1 1 1 7 3
1971 Gold medalists 5 4 1 0 7 2
1975 Bronze medalists 6 3 1 0 19 1
1979 Bronze medalists 5 4 1 0 9 0
1983 Group stage 2 0 0 2 0 4
1987 Bronze medalists 3 3 0 0 9 0
1991 Did not participate due to CONMEBOL boycott
1995 Gold medalists 5 3 0 1 10 4
1999 Winnipeg Did not qualify
2003 Santo Domingo Gold medalists[n2 1] 5 5 0 0 10 5
2007 Rio de Janeiro Group stage[n2 2] 9th 3 0 2 1 1 3
2011 Guadalajara Silver medalists 5 3 1 1 6 2 Squad
2015 Toronto Did not qualify
2019 Lima Gold medalists 5 4 0 1 14 6 Squad
2023 Santiago Did not qualify
Total 15/19 7–2–3 65 43 13 5 166 42
Notes
  1. ^CONMEBOLteams (included Argentina) played with U-20 squads.[23]
  2. ^CONMEBOL teams (included Argentina) played with U-17 squads.[24]

Honours

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^abcd"El Fútbol Masculino en los Juegos Olímpicos".Sitio Oficial de la Asociación del Fútbol Argentino(in Spanish).Retrieved8 November2023.
  2. ^abcdef"Historia del fútbol en los Juegos Olímpicos: medallero, palmarés y ganadores".AS(in Spanish). 20 July 2021.Retrieved8 November2023.
  3. ^Máximo, Negro (30 May 2020)."A 89 años de la profesionalización del fútbol argentino".El Equipo Deportea(in Spanish).Retrieved8 November2023.
  4. ^"Games of the IX. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved8 November2023.
  5. ^"Games of the XVII. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved9 November2023.
  6. ^"Games of the XVIII. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved9 November2023.
  7. ^"Games of the XXIV. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved8 November2023.
  8. ^1992 Y 2000, LAS DOS GRANDES DESILUSIONES PREOLÍMPICASon Goal
  9. ^"Games of the XXV. Olympiad - Football Qualifying Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved8 November2023.
  10. ^abcde"Fútbol en los JUEGOS OLÍMPCIOS - Historia y Palmarés".Memorias del Fútbol(in Spanish). 8 August 2021.Retrieved8 November2023.
  11. ^"1996: Nigeria tocó el cielo olímpico" at Univisión
  12. ^"Games of the XXVI. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved9 November2023.
  13. ^"Argentina era campeón olímpico de la mano de Bielsa en Atenas 2004", PlayFutbol, 27 December 2012
  14. ^"Games of the XXVIII. Olympiad - Football Tournament".rsssf.org.Retrieved9 November2023.
  15. ^La selección olímpica, abandonada: faltan jugadores y ni siquiera hay plata para "pagar el almuerzo",La Nación,30 Jun 2016
  16. ^"Olarticoechea, el técnico de la Sub 20, fue designado para dirigir en los Juegos Olímpicos".La Capital.Retrieved9 November2023.
  17. ^Clarin."| Clarín".clarin(in Spanish).Retrieved9 November2023.
  18. ^Olé, Diario Deportivo (28 July 2021)."Argentina eliminada de los JJOO: los jugadores que quiso Batista y no le cedieron".Olé(in Spanish).Retrieved9 November2023.
  19. ^Pre-Olímpico - South-American Olympic Qualifying Tournamentby José L. Pierrend at the RSSSF
  20. ^"Sport: Olympic Games (Concl'd)".Time.24 August 1936. Archived fromthe originalon 29 June 2009.Retrieved24 January2010.
  21. ^Sugerencia oficial y adiós a Moscú 1980: la historia del boicot argentino a los Juegos Olímpicosby Juan Manuel Trenado] onLa Nación,30 May 2020 (archived)
  22. ^https:// panamsports.org/downloads/pdf/panamgames/2011-guadalajara-tomo-2-lq.pdfGuadalajara 2011 - Memoria Panamericana,p. 142 (official report) on PanamSports.org
  23. ^Panamerican Games 2003 (Santo Domingo)on the RSSSF, by James Goloboy and Marcelo Leme de Arruda
  24. ^Panamerican Games 2007 (Rio de Janeiro)by Marcelo Leme de Arruda on the RSSSF
edit