Asaka(Uzbek:Asaka/Aсака;Russian:Aсака) is a city and theadministrative centerofAsaka Districtin easternUzbekistan,[2]located in the southeastern edge of theFergana Valleynear Uzbekistan's border withKyrgyzstan.
Asaka
Asaka/Асака | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Asaka Location in Uzbekistan | |
| Coordinates:40°38′N72°14′E/ 40.633°N 72.233°E | |
| Country |  Uzbekistan |
| Region | Andijan Region |
| District | Asaka District |
| City status | 1937 |
| Elevation | 495 m (1,624 ft) |
| Population (2016) | |
• Total | 62,200 |
| • Density | 1,256/km2(3,250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+5(UZT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+5(not observed) |
| Postal code | 170200[1] |
| Area code | +998 74[1] |
Asaka underwent rapid industrialization during the Soviet era. Currently, it is the second biggest industrial city inAndijan Region,the first beingAndijan.Asaka is home to the first automobile assembly plant inCentral Asia,namely UzAutoMotors (formerlyUzDaewooAuto).
Etymology
editThe origins of the city's name are uncertain. Some sources say that it derives from theSakawords "asvaka" or "as-saka" which mean "horse" or "horsemen", respectively.[3]That is why a statue of a horse was erected in one of Asaka's squares in 1997 during the 60th anniversary of the city's founding. According to others, "Assake" (the original name of the city) is an ancient term derived from the Iranianethnonymreferring to Central AsianScythians.[4]
History
editIt has been known since ancient times asAsaka.[4]The early history of Asaka has not been studied extensively. Avaz Muhammad Attor, a 19th-century historian, mentioned Assake in his bookTarixi jahonnoma(World History).[5]According to him, Khudayar Khan had built a castle in the territory of present-day Asaka. Assake started to grow fast after the nearby city ofAndijanandTashkentwere connected with arailway line.At the turn of the 20th century, Assake had a population of only 2,000 people.
In 1924, Assake was renamedZelensk,after a local official.[6]In 1937, it was granted town status and again renamed, this timeLeninsk,afterVladimir Lenin.[4][7]The city underwent rapid industrialization during the Soviet era. In 1946, a large electric motor plant was built in Asaka. In the 1960s, the city specialized in processing agricultural goods.
The city's original name was restored in a slightly modified form (Asake) after Uzbekistan's independence in 1991.[4]In 1994, the first automobile assembly plant inCentral Asiawas built in Asaka byUzDaewooAuto,an Uzbekistani-South Koreanjoint venture. Following Daewoo's collapse in 2001, and the resulting change of ownership, UzDaewooAuto was reorganized asGM Uzbekistanin March 2008 as a new replacement joint venture.
Geography
editAsaka is located 495 metres (1,624 ft) abovesea levelin the southeastern edge of theFergana Valleynear Uzbekistan's border withKyrgyzstan.[3]By road it is 22 kilometres (14 mi) southwest ofAndijan.[8]The Shahrixonsoy Canal flows through the city.[9]
Climate
editAsaka has acold desert climate(Köppen climate classificationBWk) withcontinentalinfluences. It has cold winters and hot summers. The average July temperature is +26.1 °C (79.0 °F). The mean temperature in January is −2.9 °C (26.8 °F).[5]
| Climate data for Asaka | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
7 (45) |
14 (57) |
20 (68) |
25 (77) |
31 (88) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
27 (81) |
20 (68) |
12 (54) |
5 (41) |
19 (66) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5 (23) |
−2 (28) |
4 (39) |
9 (48) |
13 (55) |
17 (63) |
19 (66) |
18 (64) |
13 (55) |
8 (46) |
3 (37) |
−3 (27) |
8 (46) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 8.8 (0.35) |
5.6 (0.22) |
24.3 (0.96) |
36.6 (1.44) |
33.9 (1.33) |
10 (0.4) |
4.7 (0.19) |
1.7 (0.07) |
2.4 (0.09) |
5.7 (0.22) |
5.8 (0.23) |
19.6 (0.77) |
159.1 (6.27) |
| Source:[10] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editIn 2016, Asaka had a population of 62,200.[11]Representatives of many ethnic groups can be found in the city.Uzbeksare the largest ethnic group.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1972 | 30,300 | — |
| 2000 | 52,800 | +74.3% |
| 2010 | 66,000 | +25.0% |
| 2016 | 62,200 | −5.8% |
| Source:[5][3][6][11] | ||
Economy
editAsaka is the second biggest industrial city inAndijan Region,the first being theCity of Andijan.[5]There are 12 large industrial plants and over 510small and medium enterprisesin the city.[3]
GM Uzbekistan
editAsaka is home to the first automobile assembly plant inCentral Asia,namelyGM Uzbekistan.It was founded asUzDaewooAutoin 1992 between the Uzbek state-owned company UzAvtoSanoat and theSouth Koreanautomotive companyDaewoo Motors.[12]The construction of the plant was started in 1994 and took two years.[13]Following the change of ownership of Daewoo toGM Daewoo,UzDaewooAuto was renamed GM Uzbekistan in 2008.
Education
editThere are three technical schools ( tekhnikum ), 24th and 42nd specialized schools, and many language and education centers in Asaka.[6]The city is also home to ten secondary schools and 22 kindergartens.
References
editNotes
edit- ^ab"Asaka".SPR(in Russian). Archived fromthe originalon 3 April 2014.Retrieved7 May2014.
- ^"Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan"(in Uzbek and Russian). The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics. July 2020.
- ^abcdSulaymonov, Oʻtkirbek (2000–2005). "Asaka".Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi(in Uzbek). Tashkent.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^abcdPospelov, pp. 28–29
- ^abcdMoʻminov, Ibrohim, ed. (1975). "Leninsk".Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi(in Uzbek). Vol. 6. Toshkent. pp. 347–348.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^abc"Asaka City"(in Russian). Goroda.uz. Archived fromthe originalon January 20, 2015.RetrievedFebruary 16,2015.
- ^"Leninsk".Ensiklopedik lugʻat(in Uzbek). Vol. 1. Toshkent: Oʻzbek sovet ensiklopediyasi. 1988. p. 456. 5-89890-002-0.
- ^"Asaka".Google Maps.Retrieved21 January2015.
- ^"Leninsk (City in the Uzbek SSR)"(in Russian). Akademik.Retrieved21 January2015.
- ^"Average high/low temperature for Asaka, Uzbekistan".World Weather Online.Retrieved22 January2015.
- ^abSoliyev, A.S.Shaharlar geografiyasi[Geography of cities](PDF)(in Uzbek). p. 143.
- ^"Company history"(in Russian). Uz-Daewoo.Retrieved21 January2015.
- ^"The history of the development of Uzbekistran's automobile industry"(in Russian). GM Uzbekistan.Retrieved22 January2015.
Sources
edit- Е. М. Поспелов (Ye. M. Pospelov). "Имена городов: вчера и сегодня (1917–1992). Топонимический словарь." (City Names: Yesterday and Today (1917–1992). Toponymic Dictionary.) Москва, "Русские словари", 1993.
External links
edit- Information about the city of Asaka on the official website of the Andijan Region Administration(in English, Russian, and Uzbek)
- A photo gallery of Asaka