Wikipedia

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway

"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe" and "ATSF" redirect here. For the song, seeOn the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe.For the unrealized aircraft, seeAvion de Transport Supersonique Futur.

TheAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway(reporting markATSF), often referred to as theSanta FeorAT&SF,was one of the largestClass 1railroadsin the United States between 1859 and 1996.[1]

Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Santa Fe system (shown in blue) at the time of the BNSF merger
ATSF 5051, anEMD SD40-2,leads a train throughMarceline, Missouri,in August 1983.
Overview
HeadquartersChicago, Illinois
Kansas City, Missouri
Los Angeles, California
Reporting markATSF
Locale
List
FounderCyrus K. Holliday
Dates of operation1859–1996
SuccessorBNSF Railway
Technical
Track gauge4 ft8+1⁄2in(1,435 mm)standard gauge
Length13,115 miles (21,107 km)

The Santa Fe was a pioneer inintermodal freight transport;at various times, it operated an airline, the short-lived Santa Fe Skyway, and theSanta Fe Railroad tugboats.[2]Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, and ferryboats on the San Francisco Bay allowed travelers to complete their westward journeys to the Pacific Ocean. The AT&SF was the subject of a popular song,Harry WarrenandJohnny Mercer's "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe",written for the filmThe Harvey Girls(1946).

The railroad officially ceased independent operations on December 31, 1996, when it merged with theBurlington Northern Railroadto form theBurlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway.

History

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Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway

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The railroad was chartered in February 1859 to serve the cities ofAtchisonandTopeka, Kansas,andSanta Fe, New Mexico.The railroad reached theKansas–Coloradoborder in 1873 andPueblo, Colorado,in 1876. To create a demand for its services, the railroad set upreal estateoffices and sold farmland from the land grants that it was awarded byCongressfor laying track.[1]

As the railroad was first being built, many of the tracks were laid directly over the wagon ruts of theSanta Fe Trail.In 1869, the first general office building of the company was built in Topeka. This building also served as a passenger station and freight depot. When the line was extended to Newton, Kansas in 1871, the railroad became a major cattle shipper to ensure a steady revenue stream, at the end ofTexas cattle drive trails.

Despite being chartered to serve the city, the railroad chose to bypass Santa Fe, due to the engineering challenges of the mountainous terrain. Eventually[when?]a branch line fromLamy, New Mexico,brought the Santa Fe railroad the 20 miles to its namesake city.[3]It continued to connect with the Southern Pacific atDeming.

The system was eventually expanded with branch lines into California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Illinois. It reached Arizona and California by acquiring control of the western portion of theAtlantic and Pacific Railroadin 1880. It reached Chicago by acquiring theChicago and St. Louis Railwayin 1887. By 1887 the mainline had been completed from Chicago to Los Angeles, making it one of the country’s most important railroads and one of the few that directly connected the Midwest with the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean under one corporation. The principal lines consisted of:

  • Chicago to Kansas City to La Junta, Colorado, to Los Angeles;
  • Emporia, Kansas, to Oklahoma City to Fort Worth to Houston;
  • Emporia, Kansas, to Dalies, New Mexico;
  • Barstow to Richmond, California (theValley Division);
  • Temple to Farwell, Texas;
  • Denver to La Junta, Colorado;
  • Albuquerque, New Mexico, to El Paso, Texas;
  • Dallas to Presidio, Texas; and
  • Kansas City to Tulsa.

The primary back shops atTopeka,Kansas, were first established in the 1860s. The original shops were relocated in 1878 to the south side of Seward Avenue and expanded in 1902 to double the repair capacity. The shops atAlbuquerque,New Mexico, were built in 1880 and materially expanded in 1925. Another shop site was established atSan Bernardino,California, in 1886. To maintain rolling stock in the state of Texas, a fourth major shop facility was built inCleburne, Texas,in 1899.[4]

AT&SF trademark in the late 19th century incorporated theBritishlion out of respect for the country's financial assistance in building the railroad to California.
D&RGW through Royal Gorge in 1881
Gold bond of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company, issued October 1, 1889
A map of "The Santa Fé Route" and subsidiary lines, as published in an 1891 issue of theGrain Dealers and Shippers Gazetteer

Physical confrontations led to two years of armed conflict that became known as theRoyal Gorge Railroad War.Federal intervention prompted an out-of-court settlement on February 2, 1880, in the form of the so-called "Treaty of Boston", wherein the D&RG was allowed to complete its line and lease it for use by the Santa Fe.

Building across Kansas and eastern Colorado was simple, with few natural obstacles, but the railroad found it almost economically impossible because of the sparse population. It set up real estate offices in the area and promoted settlement across Kansas on the land granted to it by Congress in 1863.

The Santa Fe entered Texas by starting what became thePanhandle and Santa Fe Railwayin 1886 and acquiring theGulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railwayin 1887. The Santa Fe reached San Francisco by buying theSan Francisco & San Joaquin Valley Railwayin 1891. They completed aGrand Canyon branchin 1901. The Santa Fe acquired the properties of theSouthern California Railwayin 1906. They acquired a Phoenix branch with the purchase of theSanta Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railwayin 1911.

Expansion

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A comparison map prepared by the Santa Fe Railroad in 1921, showing the "Old Santa Fé Trail"(top) and the AT&SF and its connections (bottom)

In 1928, the Santa Fe acquired theKansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway.

OnMarch 29, 1955,the railway was one of many companies that sponsored attractions inDisneylandwith its five-year sponsorship of allDisneyland trains and stationsuntil 1974.[5]

In 1960, AT&SF bought theToledo, Peoria & Western Railroad(TP&W); then sold a half-interest to thePennsylvania Railroad(PRR). The TP&W cut straight east acrossIllinoisfrom nearFort Madison, Iowa(Lomax, IL), to a connection with the PRR atEffner, Indiana(Illinois–Indiana border), forming a bypass around Chicago for traffic moving between the two lines. The TP&W route did not mesh with the traffic patternsConraildeveloped after 1976, so AT&SF bought back the other half, merged the TP&W in 1983, then sold it back into independence in 1989.[6]

Attempted Southern Pacific merger

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Main article:Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad
AT&SF and SP Railroad trains meet at Walong siding on theTehachapi Loopin the late 1980s.

AT&SF began merger talks in the 1980s. The Southern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad (SPSF) was a proposed merger between the parent companies of theSouthern Pacificand AT&SF announced on December23, 1983. As part of the joining of the two firms, all rail and non-rail assets owned bySanta Fe Industriesand the Southern Pacific Transportation Company were placed under the control of a holding company, theSanta Fe–Southern Pacific Corporation.The merger was subsequently denied by theInterstate Commerce Commission(ICC) on the basis that it would create too many duplicate routes.[7][8]

The companies were so confident the merger would be approved that they began repainting locomotives and non-revenue rolling stock in a new unified paint scheme. While Southern Pacific (railroad) was sold off toRio Grande Industries,all of the SP's real estate holdings were consolidated into a new company,Catellus Development Corporation,making it California's largest private landowner, of which Santa Fe remained the owner. In the early 1980s, gold was discovered on several properties west of Battle Mountain, Nevada along I-80, on ground owned by the Santa Fe Railroad (formerly SP). TheSanta Fe Pacific Corporation(a name correlation of Santa Fe and Southern Pacific) was to develop the properties. They were sold toNewmontduring 1997 in preparation for the merger withBurlington Northern). Sometime later, Catellus would purchase theUnion Pacific Railroad's interest in theLos Angeles Union Passenger Terminal(LAUPT).[6]

Burlington Northern merger

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Main article:BNSF Railway

On September22, 1995, AT&SF merged withBurlington Northern Railroadto form theBurlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway(BNSF). Some of the challenges resulting from the joining of the two companies included the establishment of a common dispatching system, the unionization of AT&SF's non-union dispatchers, and incorporating AT&SF's train identification codes throughout. The two lines maintained separate operations until December31, 1996, when it officially became BNSF.

1870 1945
Gross operating revenue $182,580 $528,080,530
Total track length 62 miles (100 km) 13,115 miles (21,107 km)
Freight carried 98,920 tons 59,565,100 tons
Passengers carried 33,630 11,264,000
Locomotives owned 6 1,759
Unpowered rolling stock owned 141 81,974freight cars
1,436passenger cars
Source: Santa Fe Railroad (1945),Along Your Way,Rand McNally, Chicago, Illinois.
Revenue Freight Ton-Miles (Millions)
ATSF/GC&SF/P&SF Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka FtWorth & Rio Grande KCM&O/KCM&O of Texas Clinton & Oklahoma Western New Mexico Central
1925 13,862 14 42 330 2 1
1933 8,712 12 18 (incl P&SF) (incl P&SF) (incl ATSF)
1944 37,603 45 (incl GC&SF)
1960 36,635 20
1970 48,328 (merged)
Revenue Passenger-Miles (Millions)
ATSF/GC&SF/P&SF Oklahoma City-Ada-Atoka FtWorth & Rio Grande KCM&O/KCM&O of Texas Clinton & Oklahoma Western New Mexico Central
1925 1,410 5 6 8 0.1 0.1
1933 555 0.1 0.8 (incl P&SF) (incl P&SF) (incl ATSF)
1944 6,250 0.2 (incl GC&SF)
1960 1,689 0
1970 727 (merged)

Company officers

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Cyrus K. Holliday,first president of AT&SF
William Barstow Strong, president 1881–1889

Passenger service

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AT&SF passenger train, c. 1895
A map depicting the "Grand Canyon Route",c. 1901
AT&SF pass from 1923
Scene from the filming ofThe Harvey Girls(1946)
TheSan Francisco Chiefcrossing theMuir Trestlein the 1950s
The exterior of a Hi-Level lounge on theEl Capitansoon after completion in 1956
ATSFEMD F7in classicWarbonnetlivery, leading theSan Diegan,heading south nearMiramar, California,in 1973

AT&SF was widely known for itspassenger trainservice in the first half of the 20th century. AT&SF introduced many innovations in passenger rail travel, among these the "Pleasure Domes"of theSuper Chief(billed as the "...only dome car[s] between Chicago and Los Angeles"when they were introduced in 1951) and the"Big Dome"Lounge cars anddouble-deckerHi-Levelcars of theEl Capitan,which entered revenue service in 1954. The railroad was among the first to add dining cars to its passenger trains, a move which began in 1891, following the examples of theNorthern Pacificand Union Pacific railroads. The AT&SF offered food on board in adining caror at one of the manyHarvey Houserestaurants that were strategically located throughout the system.[1]

In general, the same train name was used for both directions of a particular train. The exceptions to this rule included theChicagoanandKansas Cityantrains (both names referred to the same service, but theChicagoanwas the eastbound version, while theKansas Cityanwas the westbound version), and theEastern ExpressandWest Texas Express.All AT&SF trains that terminated in Chicago did so atDearborn Station.Trains terminating in Los Angeles arrived at AT&SF'sLa Grande Stationuntil May 1939, whenLos Angeles Union Passenger Terminalwas opened.

The Santa Fe was the only railroad to run trains from Chicago to California on its own tracks. The railway's extensive network was also home to a number of regional services. These generally couldn't boast of the size or panache of the transcontinental trains, but built up enviable reputations of their own nonetheless. Of these, the Chicago-Texas trains were the most famous and impressive. TheSan Diegans,which ran from Los Angeles to San Diego, were the most popular and durable, becoming to the Santa Fe whatNew York City-Philadelphiatrains were to thePennsylvania Railroad.But Santa Fe flyers also servedTulsa, Oklahoma,El Paso, Texas,Phoenix, Arizona(theHassayampa Flyer), andDenver, Colorado,among other cities not on their main line.

To reach smaller communities, the railroad operated mixed (passenger and freight) trains or gas-electricdoodlebug rail cars.The latter were later converted to diesel power, and one pair ofBudd Rail Diesel Carswas eventually added. After World War II,Santa Fe Trailwaysbuses replaced most of these lesser trains. These smaller trains generally were not named; only the train numbers were used to differentiate services.

The ubiquitous passenger service inspired the title of the 1946Academy-Award-winningHarry Warrentune "On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe."The song was written in 1945 for the filmThe Harvey Girls,a story about the waitresses of theFred Harvey Company's restaurants.[1]It was sung in the film byJudy Garlandand recorded by many other singers, includingBing Crosby.In the 1970s, the railroad used Crosby's version in a commercial.

AT&SF ceased operating passenger trains on May1, 1971, when it conveyed its remaining trains toAmtrak.These included theSuper Chief/El Capitan,theTexas Chiefand theSan Diegan(though Amtrak reduced theSan Dieganfrom three daily round trips to two). Discontinued were theSan Francisco Chief,the ex-Grand Canyon,theTulsan,and a Denver–La Junta local.[12]ATSF had been more than willing to retain theSan Dieganand its famedChiefs.However, any railroad that opted out of Amtrak would have been required to operateallof its passenger routes until at least 1976. The prospect of having to keep operating its less-successful routes, especially the money-bleeding 23/24 (the formerGrand Canyon) led ATSF to get out of passenger service altogether.[13]

Amtrak still runs theSuper ChiefandSan Diegantoday as theSouthwest ChiefandPacific Surfliner,respectively, although the original routes and equipment have been modified by Amtrak.

Named trains

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AT&SF operated the following named trains on regular schedules:

Special trains

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A promotional brochure for the Santa Fe Railway'sScott Specialpassenger train

Occasionally, a special train was chartered to make a high-profile run over the Santa Fe's track. These specials were not included in the railroad's regular revenue service lineup, but were intended as one-time (and usually one-way) traversals of the railroad. Some of the more notable specials include:

Signals

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The Santa Fe employed several distinctive wayside and crossing signal styles. In an effort to reduce grade crossing accidents, the Santa Fe was an early user ofwigwagsignals from the Magnetic Signal Company, beginning in the 1920s. They had several distinct styles that were not commonly seen elsewhere. Model 10's, which had the wigwag motor and banner coming from halfway up the mast with the crossbucks on top, were almost unique to the Santa Fe–the Southern Pacific had a few as well. Upper quadrant Magnetic Flagmen were used extensively on the Santa Fe as well–virtually every small town main street and a number of city streets had their crossings protected by these unique wigwags. Virtually all the wigwags were replaced with modern signals by the turn of the 21st century.

The railroad was also known for its tall "T-2 style" upper quadrantsemaphoreswhich provided traffic control on its lines. Again, the vast majority of these had been replaced by the beginning of the 21st century, with fewer than 10 still remaining in use in New Mexico as of 2023.

Paint schemes

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Steam locomotives

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AT&SF#1129, a 1902 Baldwin2-6-2Prairie locomotive, preserved atLas Vegas, New Mexico,since 1956

The Santa Fe operated a large and varied fleet ofsteam locomotives.In 1899, the company owned 1,036 locomotives.[15]Among them was the2-10-2"Santa Fe", originally built for the railroad byBaldwin Locomotive Worksin 1903.[16][17]The railroad would ultimately end up with the largest fleet of them, at over 300.[citation needed]Aside from the 2-10-2, Santa Fe rostered virtually every type of steam locomotive imaginable, including4-4-2Atlantics,2-6-0Moguls,2-8-0Consolidations,2-8-2Mikados,2-10-0Decapods,2-6-2Prairies,4-8-4Heavy-Mountains,4-6-4Heavy-Pacifics,4-6-2Pacifics,4-8-2Mountains,2-8-4Berkshires,and2-10-4Texas.The railroad also operated a fleet of heavy articulatedMallet locomotives,including1158 class2-6-6-2s,2-8-8-0s,2-10-10-2s,2-8-8-2s,and the rare4-4-6-2.The railroad retired its last steam locomotive in 1959.

During the twentieth century, all but one of these was painted black, with white unit numbers on the sand domes and three sides of the tender. Cab sides were lettered "AT&SF", also in white. The subsidiary Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe often painted all or part of the smokebox (between the boiler and the headlight) white or silver. In 1940, the circle and cross emblem was applied to the tenders of a few passenger locomotives, but these were all later painted over. After World War II, "Santa Fe" appeared on tender sides of mainline road locomotives in white, above the unit number. Locomotives were delivered from Baldwin with white paint on the wheel rims, but the road did not repaint these "whitewalls" after shopping the locomotives. After World WarII, side rods and valve gear were painted chrome yellow. For a short time, Pacific types 1369 and 1376 were semi-streamlined for "Valley Flyer"service, with a unique paint scheme in colors similar to those used on the new passenger diesels. Unique was the two-tone light blue over royal blue scheme of streamlined Hudson type3460.

Diesel locomotives

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Passenger

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EMC 1800 hp B-Bin the originalGolden Olivescheme (1935)

Santa Fe's first set of diesel-electric passenger locomotives was placed in service on theSuper Chiefin 1936, and consisted of a pair of blunt-nosed units (EMC 1800 hp B-B) designated as Nos. 1 and 1A. The upper portion of the sides and ends of the units were painted gold, while the lower section was a dark olive green color; an olive stripe also ran along the sides and widened as it crossed the front of the locomotive.

Riveted to the sides of the units were metal plaques bearing a large "Indian Head"logo,which owed its origin to the 1926Chief"drumhead"logo."Super Chief"was emblazoned on a plaque located on the front. The rooftop was light slate gray, rimmed by a red pinstripe. This unique combination of colors was called theGolden Olivepaint scheme.[18][19]Before entering service,Sterling McDonald'sGeneral MotorsStyling Department augmented the look with the addition of red and blue striping along both the sides and ends of the units in order to enhance their appearance.

EMC E1inWarbonnet(1938)

In a little over a year, the EMC E1 (a new and improved streamlined locomotive) would be pulling theSuper Chiefand other passenger consists, resplendent in the now-famousWarbonnetpaint scheme devised byLeland Knickerbockerof the GM Art and Color Section. Its design was protected under a U.S.design patent,[20]granted on November9, 1937. It is reminiscent of aNative Americanceremonialhead-dress.The scheme consisted of a red "bonnet" that wrapped around the front of the unit and was bordered by a yellow stripe and black pinstripe. The extent of the bonnet varied according to the locomotive model and was largely determined by the shape and length of the car body. The remainder of the unit was either painted silver or was composed of stainless-steel panels.

All units wore a nose emblem consisting of an elongated yellow "Circle and Cross" emblem with integral "tabs" on the nose and the sides, outlined and accented with black pinstripes, with variances according to the locomotive model. "SANTA FE" was displayed on the horizontal limb of the cross in black,Art Deco-style lettering. This emblem has come to be known as the "cigar band"due to its uncanny resemblance to the same. On all but the"Erie-built"units (which were essentially run as a demonstrator set),GE U28CG,GE U30CG,andFP45units, a three-part yellow and black stripe ran up the nose behind the band.

A "Circle and Cross" motif (consisting of a yellow field, with red quadrants, outlined in black) was painted around the side windows on "as-delivered" E1 units. Similar designs were added toE3s,E6s,the DL109/110 locomotive set, and ATSF 1A after it was rebuilt and repainted. The sides of the units typically bore the words "SANTA FE" in black, 5 "– or 9" –high extra extended Railroad Roman letters, as well as the "Indian Head" logo,[21][22]with a few notable exceptions.

Railway identity on diesel locomotives in passenger service:

Locomotive Type "Indian Head" "Circle and Cross" "Santa Fe" Logotype Starting Year Comments
ATSF 1 Yes Yes* Yes No 1937 "Circle and Cross" added to No. 1 after rebuild in May 1938
EMC E1,E3,&E6 Yes* Yes Yes No 1937 "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date
ALCO DL109/110 Yes* Yes Yes No 1941 No "Indian Head" on B unit
EMD FT Yes* No Yes No 1945 "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date
ALCO PA/PB Yes* No Yes No 1946 "Indian Head" added to B units at a later date
EMD F3 Yes* No Yes No 1946 "Indian Head" on B units only
FM Erie-built Yes* No Yes* No 1947 "Indian Head" and "SANTA FE" on A units only
EMD F7 Yes* No Yes* No 1949 "Indian Head" on B units only; "SANTA FE" added in 1954
EMD E8 Yes* No Yes No 1952 "Indian Head" on B units only
GE U28CG No No No Yes 1966 "Santa Fe" logotype in large, red "billboard" -style letters
GE U30CG No No Yes* No 1967 5 "–high non-extended" SANTA FE "letters
EMD FP45 No No Yes* No 1967 9 "–high" SANTA FE "letters

Source: Pelouze, Richard W. (1997).Trademarks of the Santa Fe Railway.The Santa Fe Railway Historical and Modeling Society, Inc., Highlands Ranch, Colorado, pp. 47–50.

In later years, Santa Fe adapted the scheme to its gas-electric "doodlebug"units.[23]The standard for all of Santa Fe's passenger locomotives, theWarbonnetis considered by many to be the most-recognized corporate logo in the railroad industry. Early after Amtrak's inception in 1971, Santa Fe embarked on a program to repaint the red bonnet on its F units that were still engaged in hauling passenger consists with yellow (also calledYellowbonnets) or dark blue (nicknamedBluebonnets), as it no longer wanted to project the image of a passenger carrier.

Freight

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Santa Fe#103, anEMD FTunit decorated in the "Cat Whiskers" scheme, receives service duringWorld War II.

Diesels used as switchers between 1935 and 1960 were painted black, with just a thin white or silver horizontal accent stripe (the sills were painted similarly). The letters "A.T.& S.F." were applied in a small font centered on the sides of the unit, as was the standard blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo. AfterWorld War II,diagonal white or silver stripes were added to the ends and cab sides to increase the visibility at grade crossings (typically referred to as theZebra Stripescheme). "A.T.& S.F." was now placed along the sides of the unit just above the accent stripe, with the blue and white "Santa Fe" box logo below.

Due to the lack of abundant water sources in the American desert, the Santa Fe Railway was among the first railroads to receive large numbers of streamlined diesel locomotives for use in freight service, in the form of theEMD FT.For the first group of FTs, delivered between December 1940 and March 1943 (#100–#119), the railroad selected a color scheme consisting of dark blue accented by a pale yellow stripe up the nose, and pale yellow highlights around the cab and along the mesh and framing of openings in the sides of the engine compartment; a thin red stripe separated the blue areas from the yellow.

A museum restoration ofKennecott Copper Corporation#103 (anAlcomodelRS-2) now bears the #2098 and the ATSFZebra Stripepaint scheme.

The words SANTA FE were applied in yellow in a 5 "–high extended font, and centered on the nose was the" Santa Fe "box logo (initially consisting of a blue cross, circle, and square painted on a solidbronzesheet, but subsequently changed to baked steel sheets painted bronze with the blue identifying elements applied on top). Three thin, pale yellow stripes (known asCat Whiskers) extended from the nose logo around the cab sides. In January, 1951, Santa Fe revised the scheme to consist of three yellow stripes running up the nose, with the addition of a blue and yellowCigar Band(similar in size and shape to that applied to passenger units); the blue background and elongated yellow "SANTA FE" lettering were retained.

The years 1960 to 1972 saw non-streamlined freight locomotives sporting the "Billboard" color scheme (sometimes referred to as the "Bookends" or "Pinstripe" scheme), where the units were predominantly dark blue with yellow ends and trim, with a single yellow accent pinstripe. The words "Santa Fe" were applied in yellow in large bold serif letters (logotype) to the sides of the locomotive below the accent stripe (save foryardswitcherswhich displayed the "SANTA FE" in small yellow letters above the accent stripe, somewhat akin to theZebra Stripearrangement).

In late 1975 and early 1976, on the occasion of theAmerican Independence Bicentennial,Santa Fe repainted five SD45-2s with a special Bicentennial scheme at its San Bernardino Shops. These locomotives, numbered #5700 to #5704 they were placed at the front of theSuper Chigh priority freight trains operating between Chicago and Los Angeles, although they were also seen leading theAmerican Freedom Train's national tour on the Santa Fe lines and also participated in special events such as the grand opening, that same year 1976, of the new Railroad's Barstow Classification Yard. In the early 1980s these units were repainted in the company's standard blue and yellow scheme.[24][25][26][27]

From 1972 to 1996, and even on into the BNSF era, the company adopted a new paint scheme often known among railfans as the "Freightbonnet" or "Yellowbonnet", which placed more yellow on the locomotives (reminiscent of the company's retiredWarbonnetscheme); the goal again was to ensure higher visibility at grade crossings. The truck assemblies, previously colored black, now received silver paint.

Santa Fe #2378, anAlco S-2switcher in theBillboardscheme (1966)

In 1965, the road took delivery of tenGE U28CGdual-serviceroad switcherlocomotives equally suited to passenger or fast freight service. These wore a variation of the "Warbonnet" scheme in which the black and yellow separating stripes disappeared. The "Santa Fe" name was emblazoned on the sides in large black letters, using the same stencils used on freight engines; these were soon repainted in red. In 1989, Santa Fe resurrected this version of the "Warbonnet" scheme and applied it to two SDFP45 units, #5992 and #5998. The units were re-designated as #101 and #102 and reentered service on July4, 1989, as part of the new "Super Fleet" campaign (the first Santa Fe units to be so decorated for freight service). The six remaining FP45 units were thereafter similarly repainted and renumbered. From that point forward, most new locomotives wore red and silver, and many retained this scheme after theBurlington Northern Santa Femerger, some with "BNSF" displayed across their sides.

For the initial deliveries of factory-new "Super Fleet" equipment, Santa Fe took delivery of theEMD GP60MandGeneral Electric B40-8Wwhich made the Santa Fe the only USClass I railroadto operate new 4-axle (B-B) freight locomotives equipped with theNorth American Safety Cabintended for high-speed intermodal service.

Several experimental and commemorative paint schemes emerged during the Santa Fe's diesel era. One combination was developed and partially implemented in anticipation of a merger between the parent companies of the Santa Fe andSouthern Pacific(SP) railroads in 1984. The red, yellow, and black paint scheme with large yellow block letters on the sides and ends of the units of the proposedSouthern Pacific Santa Fe Railroad(SPSF) has come to be somewhat derisively known amongrailfansas theKodachromelivery, due to the similarity in colors to the boxes containing slide film sold by theEastman Kodak Companyunder the same name. Santa Fe units repainted in this scheme were labeled "SF", Southern Pacific units "SP", and some (presumably new) units wore the letters "SPSF". After the ICC's denial of the merger, railfans joked that SPSF really stood for "Shouldn't Paint So Fast."[28]

  • Paint schemes of the AT&SF locomotives
  • Warbonnetroof details
  • ATSFSan DieganEMD F7(1968), displaying the "SANTA FE" in black Railroad Roman letters along each side
  • Santa Fe #98 (originally #108), anEMD FP45decked out inWarbonnetcolors, including the traditional "cigar band" nose emblem
  • ATSF 108 atSouthern California Railway Museum,repainted into its original colors
  • Santa Fe #681 in Sealy Texas, June 2001
  • The L.A.-boundSuper Chiefgets its 5-minute pit-stop service in Albuquerque, 1943
  • ATSF 9542 inKodachromeleads other locomotives inFreightbonnet(1990)

Preserved locomotives

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AT&SF No. 870, a 1906-built2-8-0from Burnham, Williams & Co. on static display at a park inSanta Fe Springs

While most of the Santa Fe's steam locomotives were retired and sold for scrap, over fifty were saved and donated to various parks and museums, a handful of which have either been restored to operating condition or are pending future restoration.

Some of the more notable locomotives include:

  • 5(0-4-0), located in theCTRCtrolley barn at theSan Jose Historical Museum.[29]
  • 132(2-8-0), Built by Baldwin in 1880 and located at theKansas Museum of Historyin Topeka. Named for Cyrus K. Holliday. Was used often by the Santa Fe for promotions and special events until it was donated to the Kansas State Historical Society in 1977. It is the second oldest locomotive from the Santa Fe that is preserved close to its original appearance.
  • 643(2-8-0), Originally built by Hinkley Locomotive Works in 1879 as #73 with a 4-4-0 arrangement. The oldest preserved locomotive of the Santa Fe, although not as originally configured. It was converted by the railroad to a 2-8-0 configuration following an accident in 1897. It had several upgrades over the years while working on the Gulf Division. It was formerly located at the then-newOklahoma State Fairgrounds,following its donation from the Santa Fe to the people of Oklahoma in 1953. The locomotive was relocated again in 2015 to theOklahoma Railway MuseuminOklahoma City,where it received a badly needed cleaning and thorough cosmetic restoration, and is currently on display.[30]
  • 769(2-8-0), located at the Old Coal Mine Museum inMadrid,New Mexico.It is waiting to be moved to theSanta Fe Southern RailwayinSanta Fefor future restoration to operating condition.[31]
  • 870 (2-8-0), located at Heritage Park inSanta Fe Springs,California.
  • 940(2-10-2), located at the Union depot inBartlesville,Oklahoma.It is the only surviving steam locomotive from the Santa Fe with a 2-10-2 wheel arrangement.
  • 1010(2-6-2), located at theCalifornia State Railroad MuseuminSacramento,California.It is planned to go under restoration to operating condition.[32]
  • 1129 (2-6-2), located atLas Vegas,New Mexico.
  • 1316(4-6-2), formerly located atFort Concho,Texas:the sole survivor of the 1309 class was restored to operating condition by theTexas State Railroadin the early 1980s as its No. 500. It is currently displayed atPalestinefor another restoration for future excursion service.[33]
  • 2913(4-8-4), located in Riverview Park atFort Madison,Iowa.
  • 2926(4-8-4), formerly located in Coronado Park inAlbuquerque,New Mexico.This locomotive had been undergoing restoration for operational purposes by New Mexico Heritage Rail, which has expended 114,000 man-hours and $1,700,000 in donated funds on its restoration since 2002. It was restored in July 2021. Performed her first mainline travel on September 30, 2023.[34]
  • 3415(4-6-2), formerly located at Eisenhower Park inAbilene,Kansas,until it was acquired by theAbilene and Smoky Valley Railroadand has been restored for excursion service since 2009. The locomotive is expected to be taken out of service for a 15 year boiler inspection later in 2023.[35]
  • 3416 (4-6-2), currently preserved at Great Bend, Kansas.
  • 3417 (4-6-2), formerly preserved at Hulen Park, in Cleburne, Texas.
  • 3423 (4-6-2), located at the Railroad & Heritage Museum in Temple Texas, it is currently preserved.
  • 3424 (4-6-2), Preserved in Kinsley, Kansas.
  • 3450 (4-6-4), the sole survivor of the3450 class,this locomotive is the gateway of theRailGiants Train MuseuminPomona,California.[36]
  • 3463(4-6-4), the sole survivor of the3460 class,this locomotive is located at the Kansas Expocentre inTopeka,Kansas,awaiting a cosmetic restoration.[37]
  • 3751(4-8-4), the Santa Fe's and Baldwin's very first 4-8-4, was once on display at Viaduct Park near the AT&SF depot inSan Bernardino,California.The locomotive was moved out of the park in 1986 to be restored and, after almost 5 years later, No. 3751 made its first run on a 4-day trip fromLos AngelestoBakersfieldand return in December 1991. This trip marked the beginning of No. 3751's career in excursion service.[38]Beginning in 2017, 3751 underwent a federally required 15-year overhaul until September 2022. On the same month, it's federally required 15-year overhaul was complete, and after that, it attended the Amtrak Track Safety Event inFullerton, California,on September 24, 2022, and September 25, 2022.
  • 3759(4-8-4): This locomotive is known for pulling the"Farewell to Steam Excursion"for the Santa Fe in 1955 before it was donated to the City ofKingman,Arizona,where it is currently on static display. It was almost acquired by theGrand Canyon Railwayin the early 1990s.[39]
  • 3768(4-8-4), after retiring in 1958, it was donated to the city of Wichita, Kansas, where it is currently preserved at theGreat Plains Museum of Transportation.
  • 5000Madame Queen(2-10-4), the second-oldest preserved steam locomotive with a 2-10-4 wheel arrangement,Madame Queenis located inAmarillo,Texas,awaiting possible relocation elsewhere.[40]
  • 5011 (2-10-4), the first of the5011 class,is on static display at theNational Museum of TransportationinSt. Louis,Missouri.[41]
  • 5017(2-10-4), located at theNational Railroad MuseuminGreen Bay,Wisconsin.[42]
  • 9005(0-6-0), located in thehistoric train depotinClovis,New Mexico
  • 5704 (EMD SD45-2): After being removed from active service by BNSF, it was saved from being scrapped thanks to the efforts of Stephen Priest, a Kansas City railroad historian, and Eric Goodman, a member of BNSF management, who got the company to donate the locomotive to the Southern California Railroad Museum inPerris.After being repainted in the Bicentennial scheme at the Mid-America Car and Locomotive shops in Kansas City, and a public presentation at theUnion Stationlocated in the same City, the locomotive was taken to Los Angeles, and finally to Perris, where the Museum is taking care of the final details to get it back in operation.[24][25][26]

Ferry service

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Santa Fe maintained and operated a fleet of three passengerferryboats (theSan Pablo,theSan Pedro,and theOcean Wave) that connectedRichmond, California,with San Francisco by water. The ships traveled the eight miles between the San Francisco Ferry Terminal and the railroad'sPoint Richmondterminal across San Francisco Bay. The service was originally established as a continuation of the company's named passenger train runs such as theAngeland theSaint.The larger two ships (theSan Pabloand theSan Pedro) carriedFred Harvey Companydining facilities.

Rival SP owned the world's largestferry fleet(which was subsidized by other railroad activities), at its peak carrying 40 million passengers and 60 million vehicles annually aboard 43 vessels. Santa Fe discontinued ferry service in 1933 due to the effects of theGreat Depressionand routed their trains to Southern Pacific's ferry terminal inOakland.TheSan Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridgeopened in 1936, initiating a slow decline in demand for SP's ferry service, which was eventually discontinuedc. 1958;starting in 1938, SF-bound passengers could board buses across the bridge at the Santa Fe Oakland depot (located inEmeryville).[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcdSedgwick, John(July 2021)."How the Santa Fe Railroad Changed America Forever".Smithsonian Magazine.Smithsonian Institution.RetrievedJuly 25,2022.
  2. ^"Santa Fe Pacific Corporation".Encyclopedia.RetrievedNovember 19,2019.
  3. ^Gagnier, Monica Roman (May 15, 2020)."George R.R. Martin and friends are working on the railroad".Albuquerque Journal.RetrievedAugust 20,2020.
  4. ^Starr, Timothy (2024). "The Back Shop Illustrated, Volume 3"
  5. ^Walt Disney's Railroad Story, byMichael Broggie,1997. Page 273. ViaChronology of Disneyland Theme Park: 1952–1955.
  6. ^abDrury, George H. (1992).The Train-Watcher's Guide to North American Railroads: A Contemporary Reference to the Major railroads of the U.S., Canada and Mexico.Waukesha, Wisconsin:Kalmbach Publishing. pp.37–42.ISBN978-0-89024-131-8.
  7. ^"Western Pacific Railroad Museum – Southern Pacific 2873".RetrievedDecember 31,2011.
  8. ^Pittman, Russell W. (1990)."Railroads and Competition: The Santa Fe/Southern Pacific Merger Proposal".The Journal of Industrial Economics.39(1):25–46.doi:10.2307/2098366.JSTOR2098366.
  9. ^Staff (January 15, 1890)."Railway News".The Railroad Telegrapher.Order of Railroad Telegraphers. p. 24.RetrievedAugust 11,2015– viaNewspapers.
  10. ^The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway and Auxiliary Companies – Annual Meetings, and Directors and Officers; January 1, 1902.Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company. 1902.RetrievedSeptember 7,2010.
  11. ^"John Shedd Reed, rail executive".San Jose Mercury News.AP.March 17, 2008.RetrievedMarch 17,2008.
  12. ^"Santa Fe Joining Amtrack [sic]".Brownsville Herald.April 21, 1971. p. 2.RetrievedAugust 12,2014– viaNewspapers.
  13. ^"Santa Fe trains 23 and 24 - April, 1971 - Streamliner Schedules".Streamlinerschedules.RetrievedOctober 2,2023.
  14. ^Kaplan, Sam Hall (1987).L.A. Lost & Found.Crown Publishers, Inc. p. 70.ISBN0-517-56184-0.
  15. ^Evolution of the railway,Triumphs and wonders of the 19th century,A. J. Holman & Co., 1899; p. 645.
  16. ^Bryant & Frailey (2020),p. 228.
  17. ^"Photo of the Day: Santa Fe 2-10-2".Classic Trains.September 24, 2017. Archived fromthe originalon June 16, 2019.RetrievedJune 16,2019.
  18. ^"Division Point Inc".Division Point Inc.Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2006.
  19. ^"Division Point Inc".Division Point Inc.Archived fromthe originalon October 18, 2006.
  20. ^U.S. patent D106,920
  21. ^"Photo: ATSF 304A Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe (ATSF) EMD F7(B) at Los Angeles, California, by Craig Walker".Railpictures.net.RetrievedSeptember 7,2010.
  22. ^"Photo: ATSF 300B Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe (ATSF) EMD F7(B) at Los Angeles, California, by Craig Walker".Railpictures.net.RetrievedSeptember 7,2010.
  23. ^"Photo: ATSF M160 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe (ATSF) Gas Electric Doodlebug at Dallas, Texas, by Ellis Simon".Railpictures.net.March 13, 2005.RetrievedSeptember 7,2010.
  24. ^abGillman, Alex (August 2, 2023)."Bicentennial Santa Fe locomotive to make California public debut".Trains.RetrievedDecember 5,2024.
  25. ^ab"BLAST FROM THE PAST: SANTA FE 5704 IS BACK IN BICENTENNIAL PAINT SCHEME".BNSF Railway official web.April 14, 2022.RetrievedDecember 5,2024.
  26. ^ab"Santa Fe SD45-2 5704 to be Restored as Bicentennial Unit by BNSF Railway".Railfan & Railroad Magazine.October 6, 2021.RetrievedDecember 5,2024.
  27. ^"SANTA FE BICENTENNIAL LOCOMOTIVE COSMETIC RESTORATION COMPLETED".Southern California Railroad Museum.March 7, 2022.RetrievedDecember 5,2024.
  28. ^Brian Solomon (2005).Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway.Voyageur Press. p. 218.ISBN978-0-7603-2108-9.
  29. ^"California State Railroad Museum".California Trolley & Railroad Corporation.RetrievedMarch 21,2024.
  30. ^"Santa Fe Locomotive #643".Oklahoma Railway Museum.Archived fromthe originalon April 10, 2021.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  31. ^"AT&SF 769 restoration updates".Facebook.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  32. ^Franz, Justin (November 7, 2023)."California State Railroad Museum to Restore Santa Fe 2-6-2".Railfan & Railroad Magazine.RetrievedAugust 11,2024.
  33. ^"Texas State Railroad – Piney Woods Texas Area Railroad Tours".Texas State Railroad.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  34. ^"Restoring AT&SF 2926 – official website".New Mexico Steam Locomotive and Railroad Historical Society. Archived fromthe originalon May 15, 2019.RetrievedJune 16,2019.
  35. ^"Home".Asvrr.org.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  36. ^"RailGiants Train Museum | Historical Journey of the American Railroad".railgiants.org.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  37. ^Hrenchir, Tim."Effort picking up steam to restore and move historic Topeka locomotive No. 3463".The Topeka Capital-Journal.RetrievedDecember 6,2024.
  38. ^"San Bernardino Railroad Historical Society: Home".Sbrhs.org.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  39. ^"Kingman Daily Miner".News.google.RetrievedApril 10,2021– via Google News Archive Search.
  40. ^Hughes, Michael."Amarillo officials plan to sell historic Madam Queen".Amarillo Globe-News.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  41. ^"The National Museum of Transportation".National Museum of Transportation.RetrievedApril 10,2021.
  42. ^"Green Bay Train & Railroad History".National Railroad Museum.RetrievedApril 10,2021.

Further reading

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