Wikipedia

Baranagar

Not to be confused withBaranagar, Murshidabad.
"Baranagore" redirects here. For other uses, seeBaranagar (disambiguation).

BaranagarorBarahanagar(/ˈbɑːrnɑːɡɑːr/[20][21][a]BAR-a-na-gar,Bengali:[ˈbɔraɦˌnɔɡor]ⓘ[22][21][b]) is a city and a municipality in theNorth KolkataofNorth 24 Parganas districtin theIndianstateofWest Bengal.[23]It is a part of the area covered byKolkata Metropolitan Development Authority(KMDA). Baranagar is one of the oldest neighbourhoods inNorth Kolkataregion.[24][25]

Baranagar
City
Baranagar is located in West Bengal
Baranagar
Baranagar
Location in West Bengal
Baranagar is located in India
Baranagar
Baranagar
Baranagar (India)
Baranagar is located in Asia
Baranagar
Baranagar
Baranagar (Asia)
Coordinates:22°38′N88°22′E/ 22.64°N 88.37°E/22.64; 88.37
CountryIndia
StateWest Bengal
DivisionPresidency
DistrictNorth 24 Parganas[1]
CityKolkata[3]
Railway stationDum Dum Junction
andBaranagar Road
Metro station
Established1869;155 years ago(1869)(as North Suburban Municipality)
1889;135 years ago(1889)(as Baranagar Municipality)[4]
Wards34[5]
Government
• TypeMunicipality
• BodyBaranagar Municipality
• Municipality ChairmanAparna Moulik[6][7]
(TMC)
• MLASayantika Banerjee
(TMC)
Area
• Total7.12 km2(2.75 sq mi)
Elevation
12 m (39 ft)
Population
(2011)
• Total245,313[2]
• Rank18th(in West Bengal)[8]
187th(in India)
• Density35,220/km2(91,200/sq mi)
• Rank5th in the world[9][10]
Languages
• OfficialBengali,English
• Literacy rate91.41%[2]
Time zoneUTC+5:30(IST)
PIN
Telephone code+91 33[15]
Vehicle registrationWB-23, WB-24[16]
Lok SabhaconstituencyDum Dum[17]
Vidhan SabhaconstituencyBaranagar[17]
ClimateAw(Köppen)
Precipitation1,770 millimetres (70 in)
Avg. summer temperature31.7 °C (89.1 °F)
Avg. winter temperature22.2 °C (72.0 °F)
Sex ratio1000/943 (1.06)
(♂/♀)
Websitebaranagarmunicipality.org
[18][19]
Bengali
This article containsBengali text.Without properrendering support,you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols.

It is home to theIndian Statistical Institute,an institution of national importance devoted to the research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences.[26]Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High Schoolis one of the oldest and most renowned schools in Baranagar andNorth Kolkata.[27][28]

Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals,castor oil,and matches; Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printing companies and book publishers.

Etymology

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The wordBaranagarderives from the Bengali termBarahanagore(Bengali:বরাহনগর), meaning "City of the Hogs". (বরাহ: hog, নগর: city) Streynsham Masterwho visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export.[29]

There are several explanations for the etymology of this name:

  • Map of Bengal by De Barros in 1550 showing "Bernagar" which refers to Baranagar
    BaranagarorBarahanagar,meaning the "big" (Bara) and "town or land" (nagar) of the "pig" (baraha).[19]
  • Baranagarmight be named afterVarahaavatar ofVishnu.

Geography

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5km
3miles
River
Hooghly
Nilganj
N
Karna Madhabpur
N
Nimta
N
South Dumdum
M
North Dumdum
M
Dum Dum
M
Baranagar
M
Belgharia
N
Kamarhati
M
New Barrackpore
M
Agarpara
N
Sodepur
N
Teghari
CT
Chandpur
CT
Talbandha
CT
Muragachha
CT
Bilkanda
CT
Ghola
N
Panihati
M
Khardaha
M
Titagarh
M
Bandipur
CT
Patulia
CT
Ruiya
CT
Chak Kanthalia
CT
Barrackpore
Cantonment
Barrackpore
M
Cities and towns in the southern portion of Barrackpore subdivision in North 24 Parganas district
M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town,
N: neighbourhood/ administrative location
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

Location

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Baranagar is located at22°38′N88°22′E/ 22.64°N 88.37°E/22.64; 88.37.[30]It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet). It is situated east of theHooghly River.Baranagar Municipal area lies betweenSintheeMore andDunlop.

Baranagar is bounded byDakshineswarand PWD Road on the north,Noapara metro depotand adjacent areas ofSouth Dum Dumon the east,SintheeandCossiporeinKolkata districton the south andHooghly riveron the west.

Police Station

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Baranagar police station

Baranagarpolice station underBarrackpore Police Commissioneratehas jurisdiction over the parts of Baranagar Municipal areas.[31]

Climate

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In summer, i.e. from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a maximum of 38 °C (100 °F) to a minimum of 25 °C (77 °F).

Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November

The weather is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers.[30]

Climate data for Baranagar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.4
(79.5) 		29.1
(84.4) 		33.5
(92.3) 		35.3
(95.5) 		35.4
(95.7) 		34
(93) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.1
(89.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		32.3
(90.1) 		30.3
(86.5) 		27
(81) 		31.7
(89.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		16.9
(62.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26
(79) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		23.9
(75.0) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.5
(58.1) 		22.2
(71.9)
Averageprecipitationmm (inches) 20
(0.8) 		40
(1.6) 		40
(1.6) 		60
(2.4) 		140
(5.5) 		280
(11.0) 		400
(15.7) 		340
(13.4) 		280
(11.0) 		140
(5.5) 		20
(0.8) 		10
(0.4) 		1,770
(69.7)
Average rainy days 4 3 4 6 12 18 23 22 18 11 3 1 125
Source:Baranagar Weather[32]

History

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Dutch Kuthi in Baranagar
Map of Bengal by Van de Broucke in 1660 showing "Barrenger" which refers to Baranagar

The earliest reference of Baranagar can be found in Sri Sri Chaitanya Bhagabat written by Sri Brindaban Das where it was said thatChaitanya Mahaprabhucame to Baranagar in 1512. He writes:

হেন মতে পাণিহাটী গ্রাম ধন্য করি।

আছিলেন কথোদিন শ্রীগৌরাঙ্গ হরি ॥
তবে প্রভু আইলেন বরাহনগরে।
মহাভাগ্যবন্ত এক ব্রাহ্মণের ঘরে ॥
সেই বিপ্র বড় সুশিক্ষিত ভাগবতে।
প্রভু দেখি ভাগবত লাগিলা পড়িতে ॥
এতেক তোমার নাম ভাগবতাচার্য।

ইহা বিনে আর কোন না করিহ কার্য।

References to Baranagar can be found in many literary texts dating to 17th and 18th centuries. Even maps made by Dutch and Portuguese had references to Baranagar as "Bernagar" or "Barrenger".

Baranagar Municipalitywas established in 1869; it is one of the oldest municipalities in India.[7]TheDutchhad homes there in the seventeenth century.[33]Streynsham Masterwho visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export. Later it became the centre for the extensivejutetrade, manufacturinggunny bags.[29]A major road (Surya Sen Road) parallel to theHooghly riverconnects Baranagar Bazaar withDakshineswar.In between temples such as Kaancher Mandir (i.e. Glass Temple),[34]Joy Mitra Kali Bari[35]and Pathbari are located.

Portuguese colonist first established their business camp here, which was in existence till 1862. Dutch settlers established their ‘Kuthi’ or office for business. Dutch supremacy ended with the arisen of British power in Bengal. M/s. Colvin Cow II Co. was the pioneer of industrial Baranagar. They founded a Sugar Mill near Alambazar. Later George Henderson founded Borneo Jute Factory at that site.[36]In 1859, the factory was renamed Baranagar Jute Factory and is still in existence. The Baranagar Jute Factory was the first mechanical Jute Factory in India. During the two World Wars, many engineering factories were set up in Baranagar, and the town became famous as Industrial City. To provide civic amenities, North Suburban Municipality was formed in 1869 consisting of Chitpur and Cossipore (presently under Kolkata M.C.), all mouzas of present Baranagar Municipal Area along with Kamarhati, Ariadaha and Dakshineswar mouzas of present Kamarhati Municipality. In 1881 North Suburban Municipality was divided into two parts, 1) Cossipore- Chitpur Municipality (later amalgamated with Kolkata Municipal area) and 2) Baranagar Municipality. On 1 August 1899, Kamarhati Municipality was formed, parting Kamarhati and Ariadaha Mouzas from Baranagar. In 1949 Dakshineswar Mouza was parted from Baranagar and merged with Kamarhati Municipality.[19]

Baranagar was one or majorly affected cities during theNaxalbari Uprising.In the early 1970s, a massacre took place in the city as theCongressled Indian state retaliated against the political movement. The joint operation of the police and criminals attacked alleged Naxalites as well as their family members. The family of a congressman wasn't spared either[1]Grotesque killings took place as more than 100-1000 people were torched, gunned down or hacked to death. The police never bothered to give any official number. There has been call for an judicial enquiry but none took place even after 50 years have passed.[2][3]The culprits were never brought to books. There are allegations by political activists that those policemen who were involved in the killings were later promoted to higher ranks.

In Kuthighat (Baranagar), there was an old house/lodge of Dutch merchants.[37][38]

Notable residents

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Spiritual Leaders

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Academician and Writers

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Sports

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Entertainment

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Others

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Demographics

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Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±%
190125,432—
191125,895+1.8%
192132,084+23.9%
193137,050+15.5%
194154,451+47.0%
195177,126+41.6%
1961107,837+39.8%
1971136,842+26.9%
1981170,343+24.5%
1991224,831+32.0%
2001250,768+11.5%
2011245,213−2.2%
Source:Census of India[66]

As per the2011 Census of India,Baranagar had a total population of 245,213, of which 126,187 (51%) were males and 119,026 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 16,825. The total number of literates in Baranagar was 208,779 (91.41% of the population over 6 years), male literates are 110,118 (93.69%) and female literates are 98,661 (89%).[2]

As of 2001India census,[67]Baranagar had a population of 250,615. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Baranagar has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Religion in Baranagar
Religion Population (1941)[68]: 23  Percentage (1941) Population (2011) Percentage (2011)
Hinduism 45,109 82.84% 232,839 94.95%
Islam 8,874 16.29% 7,269 2.96%
Sikhism 5 0.01% 2,810 1.15%
Christianity 242 0.44% 653 0.26%
Others 221 0.40% 1,642 0.68%
Total Population 54,451 100% 245,213 100%

Languages

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Languages spoken in Baranagar City (2011)[69]

Bengali(81.28%)
Hindi(14.53%)
Urdu(1.59%)
Punjabi(1.17%)
Odia(0.40%)
Others (1.04%)

Almost 82% of the population speaksBengaliwhile 15% speaks Hindi and Urdu. There is a significantPunjabispeaking population as well owing to the significant Sikh population who migrated here during1984 anti-Sikh riots.There has been significant increase in Hindi-Urdu speaking population due to migration fromUttar PradeshandBihar.Some localities within the city now has Hindi as the dominant language.

Religions in Baranagar[2]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 94.95%
Muslims
 
 2.96%
Sikhs
 
 1.15%
Christians
 
 0.26%
Jains
 
 0.14%
Buddhists
 
 0.02%
Others†
 
 0.5%
†includes irreligious and religion not stated (~0.5%).
Literacy in Baranagar
Literacy Percent
Male
 
 93.69%
Female
 
 89%
All
 
 91.41%

Kolkata Urban Agglomeration

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The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census:Kanchrapara(M),Jetia(CT),Halisahar(M),Balibhara(CT),Naihati(M),Bhatpara(M),Kaugachhi(CT),Garshyamnagar(CT),Garulia(M),Ichhapur Defence Estate(CT),North Barrackpur(M),Barrackpur Cantonment(CB),Barrackpore(M),Jafarpur(CT),Ruiya(CT),Titagarh(M),Khardaha(M),Bandipur(CT),Panihati(M),Muragachha(CT)New Barrackpore(M),Chandpur(CT),Talbandha(CT),Patulia(CT),Kamarhati(M),Baranagar(M),South Dumdum(M),North Dumdum(M),Dum Dum(M),Noapara(CT),Babanpur(CT),Teghari(CT),Nanna(OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) andPanpur(OG).[8]

Infrastructure

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As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Baranagar Municipal city covered an area of 7.12 km2.Amongst the civic amenities it had 160.23 km of roads and both open and closed drains. Amongst the medical facilities It had 55 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it had 49 primary schools, 33 middle schools, 33 secondary schools, many higher secondary schools and 2 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 2 cinema/theatres and 2 auditorium/ community halls. It had 20 bank branches.[70]

Economy

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Baranagar was once economically enriched for many Industrial factories like "Bengal Immunity company", "Baranagar Jute Mill".[71]Hessian, sacking, fabrics, carpets and bags from jute (Corchorus spp) are manufactured in the jute mill, while almost every other factories are now permanently shut down. The Baranagar Jute Mill is one of the oldest jute mills still running. Over The service sector includes the rest of the city's economy. Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printers andPurushottam Publishers,an academic book publishing company.[72]

KMDA

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Baranagar municipality is included in theKolkata Metropolitan Areafor which theKMDAis the statutory planning and development authority.[73][74]

Transport

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Railways

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Baranagar Road railway station

Baranagar Road railway stationis situated in Baranagar. It is a Kolkata suburban railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station.Sealdah - Dankuni line's trains pass through this station.[75]However, trains here are not as frequent as other lines connected to suburbs of Kolkata fromSealdah.

Metro railways

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Baranagar metro station
Noapara metro station

Noapara metro stationis situated atNoaparain Baranagar. It isKolkata Metro's largest station.[76] The extension ofKolkata Metro Line 1from Dum Dum to Dakshineswar was sanctioned in 2010–11. It was extended up toNoaparain 2013.[77]The subsequent work was held up because of the encroachments on railway land.Baranagar metro stationis currently operational. Located adjacent toBaranagar Road railway stationthis station was inaugurated on 22 February 2021 and commercial run started on the following day.[78][79][80][81]Although not all metros fromKavi Subhashruns tillBaranagar.Most of them ends journey atDum Dum,which has been an issue for many daily commuters.

Road

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Belghoria Expressway
BT Road inDunlop.

Barrackpore Trunk Road(part of bothSH 1andSH 2) passes through Baranagar.[82]Belghoria Expresswayalso passes through Baranagar.Dunlop Crossingis one of the largest crossings nearKolkatawhich connects Kolkata with Northern suburban areas andHowrah,Hooghly.[83][84][85]Another important road is Gopal Lal Tagore Road which is connected toB.T. RoadatSintheeMore (via Kashi Nath Dutta Road), at Tobin More (via Baghajatin Road) and also atDunlop.Gopal Lal Tagore Road is also connected toDakshineswarvia Deshbandhu Road-Surya Sen Road (through Alambazar). Many buses ply along all these roads.[82]

Ferry

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Ferry ghat at Kuthi Ghat in Baranagar

Transport in water pathway was once held by boat, launch and bhutbhuti from Baranagar's Kuthi Ghat toHowrahandBelurofHowrah district,CossiporeandBagbazarofKolkata district,UttarparaofHooghly district,DakshineshwarandAriadahaofNorth 24 Parganas districton the riverGanges.[86][87][88]

Education

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University

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Indian Statistical Institute

Baranagar houses the headquarters of theIndian Statistical InstituteatBonhooghly.[26]It is an academicinstitute of national importanceas recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. Established in 1931, thispublic universityof India is focused on statistics.[89]

Colleges

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Colleges of Baranagar are:

Schools

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Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
Baranagar Victoria School
Central Modern School
Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
Sinthi R B T Vidyapith

Baranagar is also home to many schools providing quality education to the local and neighbourhood people.[93]

  • Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School[94][95](Senior secondary boys' school)
  • Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore[96](Primary boys' school)
  • Central Modern School[97][98]
  • Bonhooghly High School
  • Baranagar Vidyamandir
  • Rajkumari School for Girls
  • Mayapith School
  • Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
  • Baranagar Rajkumari Memorial Girls' High School
  • Khalsa Model Senior Secondary School
  • Ananda Ashram Sarada Vidyapith
  • Baranagar Netaji Colony Bharti Girls' Institution
  • Netaji High School
  • Baranagar Rameswar H.S. School
  • Baranagar Victoria School
  • Ashokegarh Adarsha Vidyalaya
  • Jyotinagar Bidyashree Niketan
  • Sinthi R B T Vidyapith
  • Mata Monmohini Secondary School
  • Baranagar Mayapith Girls' High School
  • G D Goenka Public School Dakshineswar (earlier: Delhi Public School North Kolkata)
  • Calcutta Public School, Bidhan Park
  • Baranagar Mohan Girls' High School
  • Alambazar Urdu High School
  • Jyotinagar Vidyashree Niketan

Health facilities

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Following hospitals are located in Baranagar:

  • Baranagar State General Hospital[99]
  • Disha Eye Hospital[100]
  • National Institute for Locomotor Disability (NILD)[101]
  • Baine Hospital[102]
  • Baranagar Matri Sadan[103]
  • Indian Institute of Psychometry (IIP)[104]
  • Eskag Sanjeevani Multispeciality Hospital[105]

Tourist attractions

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Baranagar Math
Kripamayee Kali Temple
Kuthi Ghat
Glass Temple

Several educational institutions, religious places, pilgrims, heritage buildings, places of Baranagar are tourist attractions of many people.[106]

Besides these, many people come in Baranagar every year inDurga Pujaperiod, in the time of "Ajanta Circus".

Culture

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Durga Pujaat Baranagar in 2018
Saraswati PujaatBaranagar Ramakrishna Missionin 2019
Kali Pujaat Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission in 2013

Baranagar Mathnear Pramanick ghat is the place where Swami Vivekananda and a few other disciples of Sri Ramakrishna Dev started their spiritual journey that culminated in forming the monastic order later located atBelur Math,the present headquarters ofRamakrishna Mission.[108]Other places worth visiting areJay Mitra Kalibari,Pramanick Kalibari, and Kouleswar Mandir. Pathbari Mandir is a place whereChaitanya Mahaprabhu,the great religious leader, set his foot on his way to Puri nearly five hundred years ago here.[111]In Baranagar a math has been set up very recently, calledAlambazar Mathin the heritage building where Swami Vivekananda first put up after coming back from abroad.[109] The Annapurna Temple and the newly builtOmkarnathTemple are also other two attractions of the "Mahamilan Math".[112]TrailangaSwami Math is also here in Baranagar at Vidyayatan Sarani. There is also an old kalibari in Baranagar Bazar and one in Kutighat and Pramanicghat.

Baranagar has a gurdwara named "Dunlop Gurudwara" near Dunlop Bridge, a church named "St. James' Church, Baranagar"[113]near Sinthee More along with many mosques.

Baranagar is famous forDurga Puja.Popular Durga Puja organizations like Netaji Colony Lowland, Bandhudal Sporting club, Noapara Dadabhai Sangha, Karmi Sangha, Kalakar para, Ashokgarh Sarbojanin, Nainan Bandhav Samiti, Mullick Colony, Shibmandir maath, Satin sen Sangsad, Friend's association, Rabindranagar Yubak brinda - all lie in Baranagar.[114][115][116]In every winter, a circus is organised at 'Sinthi Circus Maidan' named "Ajanta Circus".[117] Annual fairs- textile and handloom fair in March–April season and Durga Puja Sharadiya fair in September–October season in Sinthi More Circus and mela ground.

Jhulanbari in Jhulantala and Pathbari are famous for celebrating the festival of Jhulan Jatra and Rash Jatra.

Baranagar also hosts some of the biggest Kali Pujas. Haowa Shokal, Bonhoogly Yubak Sangha, Kalpataru Seva Samiti, Pally Shanti Sangha, Kalitala Maath and Baranagar Boro Ma are among the popular ones. The annual Saraswati Puja is also widely celebrated in the area.

Christmas celebrations at the Baranagar St. James Church also attracts thousands of visitors.

Kalpataru Utsav held on the New Year's Day, the day on which Sri Ramkrishna Became Kalpataru and fulfilled the wishes of his desciples, also attracts thousands of devotees to Baranagar. Devotees visit the infamous Baranagar Math and Ramkrishna Maha Smashan in Baranagar and also the nearby Cossipore Udyanbati and Dakshineshwar Temple.

Recently in 2019, AlambazarShyamMandir has been inaugurated by then Governor of BengalJagdeep Dhankhar.

Sports

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Baranagar is the birthplace of famous sportspersons who have participated inOlympic Gamese.g., archerDola Banerjee,[118]Rahul Banerjee,Atanu Das.[119]

Many sport academies and sporting clubs are situated in Baranagar:[120]

Notes

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  1. ^Typically pronounced/ˈbɑːrnɑːɡɑːr/in theEnglish-speaking world.
  2. ^Typically pronounced[ˈbɔraɦˌnɔɡor]in theBengali-speaking world.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"History ofNorth 24 Parganas district".Retrieved21 November2019.
  2. ^abcd"2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables".West Bengal – District-wise.Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.Retrieved7 June2018.
  3. ^Singh, Ravi S (5 June 2019)."Centre shows urgency in TMC-ruled West Bengal; clears projects".m.tribuneindia.Retrieved21 November2019.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^"Baranagar Municipality - Right to Information Act".Baranagar Municipality.Archived fromthe originalon 3 January 2022.Retrieved6 December2019.
  5. ^"Municipal General Election Results".Results of Municipal General Elections 2015.West Bengal State Election Commission.Retrieved4 July2017.
  6. ^"Official District Administration site".Archived fromthe originalon 15 January 2007.
  7. ^ab"Welcome to baranagarmunicipality.org".Archived fromthe originalon 7 July 2017.Retrieved17 May2015.
  8. ^ab"Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011"(PDF).Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh.Census of India 2011.Retrieved7 June2018.
  9. ^Census of India; Population FinderPopulation at the 2001-03-01 Census, final results. Retrieved on 13 March 2022.
  10. ^Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal; Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001Retrieved on 13 March 2022.
  11. ^"Pin Code of Alambazar, Baranagar".pincode.india-server.Retrieved6 November2019.
  12. ^"Pin Code of Baranagar".pincode.india-server.Retrieved6 November2019.
  13. ^"Pin Code of Noapara, Baranagar".pincode.india-server.Retrieved6 November2019.
  14. ^"Pin Code of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Baranagar".pincode.india-server.Retrieved6 November2019.
  15. ^"India Dial Codes".dialcode.org.
  16. ^"REGISTRATION OF VEHICLE".transport.wb.gov.in.Retrieved19 November2019.
  17. ^ab"Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006"(PDF).West Bengal.Election Commission of India.Retrieved19 November2019.
  18. ^"Baranagar Police Station".barrackporecitypolice.in.Retrieved19 November2019.
  19. ^abcdeGuha, Subhanil; Dey, Anindita (4 April 2016)."DEMOGRAPHICAL VIEW OF BARANAGAR MUNICIPALITY FROM 1991-2001"(PDF).oaji.net.Retrieved19 November2019.
  20. ^Jones, Daniel(2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.),English Pronouncing Dictionary,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,ISBN3-12-539683-2
  21. ^abWells, John(3 April 2008).Longman Pronunciation Dictionary(3rd ed.). Pearson Longman.ISBN978-1-4058-8118-0.
  22. ^Laurie Bauer, 2007,The Linguistics Student's Handbook,Edinburgh
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