Wikipedia

Barbara Windsor

Dame Barbara Windsor(bornBarbara Ann Deeks;6 August 1937 – 10 December 2020)[2]was an English actress, known for her roles in theCarry Onfilmsand for playingPeggy Mitchellin theBBC Onesoap operaEastEnders.[3]She joined the cast ofEastEndersin 1994 and won the 1999British Soap Award for Best Actress,before leaving the show in 2016 when her character waskilled off.

Dame
Barbara Windsor
DBE
Windsor in 2010
Born
Barbara Ann Deeks

(1937-08-06)6 August 1937
Shoreditch,London,England
Died10 December 2020(2020-12-10)(aged 83)
Stanmore,London, England
Resting placeGolders Green Crematorium
OccupationActress
Years active1950–2017[1]
Spouses
​
​
(m.1964;div.1985)​
Stephen Hollings
​
​
(m.1986;div.1995)​
Scott Mitchell
​
(m.2000)​
Windsor's voice
recorded in 2012, as part of anaudio description of the Theatre Royal Stratford EastforVocalEyes

Windsor began her career on stage in 1950 at the age of 13, and made her film debut as a schoolgirl inThe Belles of St. Trinian's(1954) while studying shipping management at Bow Technical College.[4]She received aBAFTA Awardnomination for the filmSparrows Can't Sing(1963), and aTony Awardnomination for the 1964Broadwayproduction ofOh, What a Lovely War!.In 1972, she starred oppositeVanessa Redgravein theWest Endproduction ofThe Threepenny Opera.

Between 1964 and 1974, she appeared in nine Carry On films, includingCarry On Spying(1964),Carry On Doctor(1967),Carry On Camping(1969),Carry On Henry(1971), andCarry On Abroad(1972). She also co-presented the 1977 Carry On compilationThat's Carry On!.Windsor also starred in all four "Carry On Christmas"Thames TV specials, and appeared in both series of the 1975 ATV sitcom"Carry On Laughing".Outside of Carry On, her other film roles includedA Study in Terror(1965),Chitty Chitty Bang Bang(1968), and as the voice ofMallymkun, the DormouseinAlice in Wonderland(2010) andAlice Through the Looking Glass(2016).

Windsor was made a Dame (DBE) in the2016 New Year Honoursfor services to charity and entertainment. She was awarded theBritish Soap Award for Outstanding Achievementin 2010, as well as theFreedom of the City of Londonin 2010.

Early life

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Windsor was born inShoreditch,London, in 1937 (though her birth was registered inStepney),[5]the only child of John Deeks, a bus driver, and his wife, Rose (néeEllis), a dressmaker.[6]The family lived on Angela Street. Her maternal great-grandmother was the daughter ofIrish immigrantswho fled toGreat BritainfromIrelandbetween 1846 and 1851 in order to escape theGreat Famine.[7]

In 1939, at the start ofWorld War II,Windsor's father was called up for the war, so Windsor and her mother went to live with her mother's family in Yoakley Road,Stoke Newington,where Windsor attended St Mary's Infants' School in nearby Lordship Road.[6][8]

Windsor's mother initially refused to let her be evacuated, but conceded after one of Windsor's school friends was killed by a bomb during anair raid.[9]Aged six, Windsor was evacuated toBlackpoolto live with a couple, but they attempted tosexually abuseher.[6]A neighbour heard Windsor's screams and alerted the authorities. The couple were arrested and were found to not be married, but to be brother and sister.[10]

Windsor moved in with a schoolfriend and her parents, although they struggled to cope with her loud behaviour. They sent Windsor to dancing school, which sparked her interest in performing, although one night after a class, Windsor found her friend's father kissing another woman in a bus shelter.[11]Humiliated by this, Windsor was sent back to London in 1944 along with a note from her dance teacher which read: "Barbara is a born show-off who loves to perform."[6]

Impressed by this, Windsor's mother sent her to Madame Behenna's Juvenile Jollities, a drama school at which she appeared in several charity concerts and pantomimes. After the war, she passed her11-plusexams, gaining the top mark in North London, and earned ascholarshipfor a place atOur Lady's Catholic High School, Stamford Hill,[6]although she was expelled because she argued with thereverend motherafter the latter refused to let Barbara have time off to appear in a pantomime.[12]

Windsor moved to theAida Foster School,Golders Green,and tookelocution lessons.When Windsor's father came to watch a performance, she was ridiculed by the others as her father had begun working as atrolley busconductor and had come in his uniform. Enraged, Windsor covered the girls in theatrical face powder, throwing more over the chaperone who tried to stop her.[13]Despite this, Windsor was chosen to appear in the chorus of the successful musicalLove From Judyin theWest Endin 1952, which ran for two years.[14]Her stage name of "Windsor" was inspired by theCoronation of Elizabeth IIin 1953.[15]By the time she was 16, Windsor's parents divorced, and she was unwillingly made to testify against her father in court. Awarded to her mother, following the divorce, Windsor's father ceased all contact with Barbara, and would ignore her if he saw her in the street for many years afterwards.[16]

Career

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Windsor made her film debut as an uncredited extra in 1954 playing a schoolgirl inThe Belles of St. Trinians;[17]she followed this with several other uncredited roles until she appeared inToo Hot to Handle(1960) withJayne Mansfield.According to Windsor, Mansfield demanded that she appear at the back of the scene they shared, as she was worried Windsor's blonde hair and large chest would overshadow her own.[18]After this, Windsor made her television debut whenJohnny Brandon,with whom Windsor had starred inLove from Judy,asked her to appear in his television seriesDreamer's Highway.Windsor later appeared in musical showsVariety Parade,The Jack Jackson Show,andSix-Five Special,regularly singing with bands. She then became a regular cabaret act atRonnie Scott's Jazz Clubin Soho, and went on to do the same at the Winston's club alongsideDanny La RueandAmanda Barrie.[6][19]

After joiningJoan Littlewood'sTheatre Workshopat the Theatre Royal, Stratford East,[20]she came to prominence in their 1959 stage productionFings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be[20]and Littlewood's filmSparrows Can't Sing(1963), achieving a BAFTA nomination forBest British Film Actress.[21]She also appeared in the comedy filmsCrooks in Cloisters(1964) andSan Ferry Ann(1965),[22]the thriller filmA Study in Terror(1965), the fantasy filmChitty Chitty Bang Bang(1968) andKen Russell's musical filmThe Boy Friend(1971), and the TV sitcomsThe Rag TradeandWild, Wild Women.[23]

Carry On

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Main article:Carry On films

Windsor came to prominence with her portrayals of a "good-time girl"[24]in nineCarry On films.Her first wasCarry On Spyingin 1964 and her final one wasCarry On Dickin 1974.[25]She also appeared in severalCarry On...television and compilation specials between 1964 and 1977.[26]

One of her best known scenes was inCarry On Camping(1969), where her bikini top flew off during outdoor aerobic exercises. In typical Carry On style, exposure is implied, but little is, in fact, seen.[27]

From 1973 to 1975, she appeared with several of theCarry On teamin the West End revueCarry On London!.[28]

She was strongly identified with the Carry On films for many years, which restricted the roles she was offered later in her career.[29]

Theatre

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Windsor starred onBroadwayin theTheatre Workshop'sOh, What a Lovely War!and received a 1965Tony Awardnomination forBest Featured Actress in a Musical.[6]She also appeared in several stage productions includingLionel Bart's musical flopTwang!!(1965) (directed byJoan Littlewood),The Beggar's Opera(1967),Come Spy with Me(1966–67) withDanny La Rueand in 30 pantomimes between 1950 and 2011.[6]

In 1970, she landed the role of music hall legendMarie Lloydin the musical-biopicSing A Rude Song.In 1972, she appeared in the West End inTony Richardson'sThe Threepenny Operawith Vanessa Redgrave. In 1975, she toured the UK,New Zealand,and South Africa in her own show,Carry On Barbara!,and followed this with the role of Maria inTwelfth Nightat theChichester Festival Theatre.[6]

In 1981, she played sex-mad landlady Kath inJoe Orton's black comedyEntertaining Mr Sloaneat theLyric Hammersmith,directed by her friendKenneth Williams.She reprised the role for a national tour with theNational Theatrein 1993 co-starringJohn ChallisofOnly Fools and Horsesfame.[30]

EastEnders

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Main article:Peggy Mitchell
Waxwork of Windsor asPeggy Mitchelldisplayed inBlackpool

WhenEastEnderswas launched in 1985, the producers said they would not cast well-known actors (althoughWendy Richardwas a rare exception). Windsor has said that she would have liked to have been part of the original cast.[31]By 1994, this policy was relaxed, and Windsor accepted an offer to joinEastEnders.She took over the role ofPeggy Mitchell(who was previously a minor character played byJo Warnein 1991). Peggy was the widowed mother of established key characters Phil and Grant Mitchell, and younger sister Samantha. For this role, she received theBest Actressaward at the1999 British Soap Awards,[32]and aLifetime Achievement Awardat the2009 British Soap Awards.[6]

A debilitating case of theEpstein–Barr virusforced a two-year absence from the role between 2003 and 2005, although Windsor was able to make a two-episode guest appearance in 2004. She rejoined the cast full-time in the summer of 2005. In October 2009, Windsor announced she was to leave her role as Peggy Mitchell, saying she wanted to spend more time with her husband.[33]On 10 September 2010, her character leftAlbert Squareafter a fire destroyedthe Queen Victoriapub, of which she was the owner.[34]

In July 2013, it was announced that Windsor was to return for one episode, which aired on 20 September 2013.[35]She again returned for a single episode on 25 September 2014,[36]and made a further appearance forEastEnders30th anniversary on 17 February 2015.[37]In February 2015, Windsor, along withPam St Clement(Pat Evans), took part inEastEnders: Back to Oursto celebrate 30 years ofEastEnders.Windsor and St. Clement looked back on some of their characters' most dramatic moments.[38]

In November 2015, Windsor secretly filmed a return toEastEnders,which was shown in January 2016. After this, the character was confirmed to be killed off later in the year. This was Windsor's decision, as she said that she would always be open to a return to the show unless Boss es decided to kill the character off.[39]Her last appearance aired onBBC Oneon 17 May 2016.[40]On 25 January 2022, by which time Windsor had died, an episode aired in which Peggy's sonPhil Mitchell(Steve McFadden) hears his mother's voice giving him advice. The scene was made using archived audio from previous episodes.[41]

Later life

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Windsor hosted two series of the BBC documentaryDisaster Mastersin 2005.[42]She provided the voice of the Dormouse in Walt Disney's live-action adaptation ofLewis Carroll'sAlice in Wonderland(2010), directed byTim Burton.[43]Windsor appeared in the pantomimeDick Whittingtonat theBristol Hippodromeover the Christmas/New Year period of 2010/2011.[44]In September 2010, it was announced that Windsor would be fronting a TV campaign for online bingo site Jackpotjoy as the Queen of Bingo.[45]She appeared as herself in one episode ofCome Fly with Mein January 2011.[46]

Windsor in 2009

From 2011 onwards, she regularly did presenting work forBBC Radio 2music and showbusiness history programmes, and also was a regular stand in forElaine PaigeonElaine Paige on Sunday.She reprised her voice role of the Dormouse in the filmAlice Through the Looking Glass(2016).[47]

In 2016, Windsor was invited to switch on theBlackpool Illuminations57 years after her co-star in the filmToo Hot to Handle,Jayne Mansfield,had performed the task during a break in filming.[48]

In May 2017, Windsor appeared in a cameo role as herself inBBC Television'sbiopicabout her life,Babs,written byEastEndersscriptwriterTony Jordan.It showed Windsor in the 1990s as she prepared to go on stage, and recalled events from her life, including her childhood, marriage to gangsterRonnie Knight,and her roles in the Carry On films.[49]

Personal life

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Windsor was married three times, and had no children. She was married to:

  1. Ronnie Knight,(married 2 March 1964,[50]divorced January 1985)
  2. Stephen Hollings, chef/restaurateur (married 12 April 1986 inJamaica,[51]divorced 1995)
  3. Scott Mitchell, former actor and recruitment consultant (married 8 April 2000)[52]

Prior to her marriage to Knight, Windsor had aone-night standwithEast EndcriminalReggie Kray,and a longer relationship with his older brotherCharlie Kray.[53]During the time of making her laterCarry Onfilms, she had a well-publicised affair with her fellow actor and co-starSid James,which lasted three years, until 1976.[2]Windsor was initially uninterested in James, 24 years her senior, but later stated that she thought she would have sex with him once, and then he would leave her alone;[54]however, James reportedly became obsessed with Windsor and suffocatingly possessive of her, to the extent that during theCarry On London!stage show, he shouted atBernard Bresslawbecause he had helped Windsor off the stage, the only reason being that Bresslaw had touched Windsor.[55]

James, who, like Windsor, was also already married, would send her a dozen red roses with a note attached with the words "Love Romeo", and even arranged to see her in Australia during herCarry On Barbaraone-woman show, as he could not bear to be without her.[56]He would also state his love for her in public and to Windsor's friends, but after the affair began damaging Windsor's mental health, she ended it. Devastated by her decision, James became depressed and started to drinkwhisky;he died soon afterwards from aheart attack.[57]

Another of Windsor'sCarry Onco-stars,Kenneth Williams,accompanied Windsor and Knight on their honeymoon, also bringing his mother and sister with him.[58]

Windsor also datedGary Crosbyin the 1960s[59]and had brief sexual encounters withVictor Mature,[59]Anthony Newley,[60]Ronnie Scott,[61]James Booth,[62]George Best[63]andMaurice Gibb,[64]the latter two while she was still married. In the late 1950s, Windsor became engaged to singer Cliff Lawrence, but he physically beat her.[59]In her autobiography,All of Me,Windsor stated that she often turned up at Winston's, the club where she sang, with a black eye, and detailed one occasion when Lawrence dragged her down the street by her hair.[59]Windsor ended the relationship, and then started dating Knight. Windsor said that Lawrence would spy on her and Knight fromtelephone boxes,only leaving them alone after Knight threatened him.[65]

In her autobiography, Windsor discussed her fiveabortions:three in her 20s, and the last at the age of 42. She said that she never wanted children as a result of her father rejecting her after her parents' divorce.[66]

Windsor was best friends with fellow actressAnna Karen,whom she met while filmingCarry On Campingand who later went on to playPeggy Mitchell's sisterAunt SalinEastEnderson and off for 20 years.[67]

Windsor was friends withAmy Winehouse,and in 2012 became a patron of theAmy Winehouse Foundation.[68]In 2014, Windsor unveiled a statue of Winehouse inCamden Market.

Health

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In April 2014, Windsor was diagnosed withAlzheimer's disease.She chose not to make news of the condition public, but it was known to her friends and colleagues. On 10 May 2018, Windsor's husband, Scott Mitchell, publicly revealed her condition.[69]In January 2019, Mitchell and some of Windsor's former co-stars fromEastEndersannounced that they would be running theLondon Marathonin aid of adementiacampaign.[70]Mitchell said that Windsor's health and mental state had been deteriorating, and she had moments when she no longer recognised him.[71]

On Windsor's 82nd birthday in August 2019, she and Mitchell became ambassadors for theAlzheimer's Society.On the same day, Mitchell and Windsor appeared in a video for the charity, in which Windsor said, "Unite with me, against dementia". Mitchell highlighted the problems many face with the disease, and urged viewers to sign a letter toPrime MinisterBoris Johnson,saying he "urgently needs to address these challenges."[72]In August 2020,BBC Newsreported that Windsor had been moved into acare homein London.[73]

Death

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Windsor died at Anita Dorfman House, aJewish Carehome inStanmore,north London, on 10 December 2020, aged 83.[74][75][76]

The next episode ofEastEnders,broadcast on 11 December 2020, was dedicated to Windsor's memory. As well as this, the 2017 biopicBabs,which documented Windsor's life, was also broadcast.[77]Among those who paid tributes to her were herEastEndersco-stars, entertainers, politicians including then Prime Minister Boris Johnson, former Prime MinisterDavid Cameron,the thenLeader of the OppositionKeir Starmerand members of theRoyal family,Prince William, Duke of Cambridge– who described Windsor as "a true national treasure... a giant of the entertainment world" – andCharles, Prince of Waleswith his wifeCamilla, Duchess of Cornwall.[78][79][80]

Windsor's funeral took place on 8 January 2021. Her body was cremated atGolders Green Crematorium.The service was attended byAnna Karen,Christopher Biggins,Ross Kemp,David WalliamsandMatt Lucas,amongst others, although numbers were limited due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.Floral decorations on Windsor's coffin spelled out the words "The Dame", "Saucy" (Windsor's catchphrase in theCarry Onfilms) and "The Queen Peggy". Windsor's funeral programme featured the famous photo of her inCarry On Camping,a photo that she said "will follow me right to the end".[81]

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Windsor was played bySamantha SpiroinTerry Johnson's playCleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick,which premiered at theNational Theatrein 1998.[82]Rachel Clarke took over the role of Windsor in the touring production of the play in 2001.[83]Spiro reprised the role in the subsequent TV film adaptation,Cor, Blimey!(2000). The latter also featured a cameo appearance from Windsor, playing herself.[84]

In the 2006 BBC television filmKenneth Williams: Fantabulosa!,Windsor was again played by Rachel Clarke.[85]Spiro reprised her role as Windsor in the TV biopicBabsin 2017, withJaime WinstoneandHonor Kneafseyplaying younger versions of Windsor.[86]

Honours

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Windsor was appointedMember of the Order of the British Empire(MBE) in the2000 New Year Honours,and in the same year she was the first person to be inducted into the newly created BBC Hall of Fame.[87]In August 2010 she was given theFreedom of the City of London,[88]and in November 2010 she was honoured by theCity of Westminsterat a tree-planting and plaque ceremony.[89]

She was inducted into theHackney EmpireWalk of Fame on 25 May 2017.[90][91]

Windsor was appointedDame Commander of the Order of the British Empire(DBE) in the2016 New Year Honoursfor services to charity and entertainment.[92][93]

In November 2014, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from theUniversity of East London.[94]

Commonwealth honours

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Country Date Appointment Post-nominal letters
United Kingdom 2000–2016 Member of Order of the British Empire(Civil Division) MBE
United Kingdom 2016–10 December 2020 Dame Commander of Order of the British Empire(Civil Division) DBE

Scholastic

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Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
Location Date School Position
England 2015–10 December 2020 Royal Central School of Speech and Drama Honorary Fellow[95]

Honorary degrees

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Location Date School Degree Gave Commencement Address
England 20 November 2014 University of East London Doctor of Arts(D.Arts)[96][97] Yes[98]

Freedom of the City

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Filmography

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Film

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Year Title Role Notes Ref.
1954 The Belles of St Trinian's Schoolgirl Uncredited [17][100]
1956 Lost Young Girl in Chemist [26]
1959 Make Mine a Million Switchboard Operator [26]
1960 Too Hot to Handle Ponytail [26]
1961 Flame in the Streets Girlfriend Uncredited [101]
On the Fiddle Mavis [26]
1962 Hair of the Dog Elsie Grumble [26]
Death Trap Babs Newton [26]
1963 Sparrows Can't Sing Maggie [26]
1964 Carry On Spying Daphne Honeybutt [26]
Crooks in Cloisters Bikini [26]
1965 San Ferry Ann Hiker Girl [26]
A Study in Terror Annie Chapman [26]
1967 Carry On Doctor Nurse Sandra May [26]
1968 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Blonde [26]
1969 Carry On Camping Babs [26]
Carry On Again Doctor Goldie Locks [26]
1971 Carry On Henry Bettina [26]
The Boy Friend Hortense [26]
1972 Carry On Matron Nurse Susan Ball [26]
Carry On Abroad Sadie Tomkins [26]
1973 Not Now, Darling Sue Lawson [26]
Carry On Girls Hope Springs [26]
1974 Carry On Dick Harriet [26]
1977 That's Carry On! Barbara Windsor [26]
1986 Comrades Mrs Wetham [102]
1987 It Couldn't Happen Here Seaside landlady / Neil's mother [26]
1994 Pussy in Boots Wandawoman [103]
2001 Second Star To The Left Babs Voice [104]
2010 Alice in Wonderland Mallymkun [26]
2016 Alice Through the Looking Glass [26]

Television

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Years Title Role Notes Ref.
1954–1955 Dreamer's Highway Unknown 2 episodes [105]
1961–1963 The Rag Trade Gloria 15 episodes [26]
1962 The Edgar Wallace Mystery Theatre Babs Newton Episode: "Death Trap" [26]
A Christmas Night with the Stars Gloria The Rag Tradesegment [106]
1963 The Plane Makers Marlene Episode: "Any More for the Skylark?" [107]
The Rag Trade Judy 8 episodes [26]
1964 Comedy Playhouse Cynthia Spooner Episode: "The Hen House" [108]
Two Plus Two Louella Episode: "A Funny Thing Happened To Me on My Way To the Altar" [26]
1965 The Des O'Connor Show Nurse Episode: #2.1 [108]
1967 Before the Fringe Various 2 episodes [108]
1968 Dad's Army Laura la Plaz Episode: "Shooting Pains" [26]
Ooh La La! Chiquette/Giboulette 2 episodes [109][110]
1968–1969 Wild, Wild Women Millie All 7 episodes [26]
1969 The Rolf Harris Show Maid Marion Episode #3.12 [105]
Carry On Christmas Various TV film [26]
1970 Comedy Playhouse Polly Episode: "Meter Maids" [108]
Up Pompeii! Nymphia Episode: "Guess Who's Coming to Sin'Er Nymphia" [108]
Carry On Christmas Jim Hawkins TV film [26]
1972 Carry On Christmas Various TV film [26]
1973 Ooh La La! The Shrimp Episode: "The Lady from Maxims" [105]
The Bob Monkhouse Offensive Stripper TV film [26]
Carry On Christmas Various TV film [26]
The Punch Review Various Episode: #1.3 [105]
Whodunnit? Panelist TV Game Show [26]
1975 Carry On Laughing Vera Basket Episode: "The Prisoner of Spenda" [26]
Marie Episode: "The Baron Outlook" [26]
Sarah Episode: "The Sobbing Cavalier" [26]
Lady Miranda Episode: "Orgy and Bess" [26]
Maisie Episode: "The Nine Old Cobblers" [26]
Lottie Episode: "Who Needs Kitchener?" [26]
Lady Mary Episode: "Lamp-Posts of the Empire" [26]
1976 The Mike Reid Show Various Episode: #1.0 [26]
1980 Both Ends Meet Doris White TV pilot [26]
Worzel Gummidge Saucy Nancy 4 episodes [26]
1983 Carry On Laughing's Christmas Classics Barbara Windsor TV film [26]
1987 Filthy Rich & Catflap Mum Episode #1.1 [26]
Super Gran Ethel Episode: "Supergran and the Heir Apparent" [26]
The Grand Knockout Tournament Lady Knock of Alton Television special [111]
1988 The Nephew Aunty Vicky 3 episodes [26]
Terry in Pantoland Various TV film [112]
1989 Norbert Smith: A Life Greenham Women's Leader TV film [26]
Bluebirds Mabel Fletcher 6 episodes [113]
1990 Family Fortunes Fairy Episode: "Celebrity Christmas Special 2" [26]
1991 You Rang, M'Lord? Myrtle 2 episodes [114]
1992 Double Vision Snow Queen Boss TV film [26]
1993 Frank Stubbs Barbara Windsor Episode: "Starlet"
The Great Bong Mabel Voice [26]
1994–2010
2013–2016		 EastEnders Peggy Mitchell Series regular, 1,671 episodes [26]
1995 One Foot in the Grave Millicent Episode: "The Affair of the Hollow Lady" [105]
1999 The Nearly Complete and Utter History of Everything Highwayman Robbery Victim TV film [26]
2000 Cor, Blimey! Barbara Windsor TV film [26]
2001 Second Star to the Left Babs Voice [115]
2006 Doctor Who Peggy Mitchell Episode: "Army of Ghosts" [116]
2009 Walk on the Wild Side Mouse Voice; Episode: #1.3 [108]
2011 Little Crackers Shop Assistant Episode: "My First Brassiere" [108]
Come Fly With Me Barbara Windsor Episode: #1.4 [117]
2015 Children in Need Star Warssketch [108]
2016 The Tube: Going Underground Herself Documentary [118]
2017 Babs TV film [105]

References

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  30. ^"Entertaining Mr. Sloane".PaulFerris.org.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2017.Retrieved25 May2017.
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  41. ^Ison, Rianne (26 January 2022)."EastEnders viewers fight back tears as Peggy Mitchell 'returns' to BBC soap".OK!.Retrieved26 January2022.
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Acting roles
First actress Saucy Nancy actress
fromWorzel Gummidge
1980 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Peggy Mitchellactress
1994–2010; 2013–'16 		Succeeded by
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