Basiliximab,sold under the brand nameSimulect,is amonoclonal antibodyused to preventrejectioninkidneytransplants.[2][3]It is achimericmouse-human monoclonalantibodyto the α chain (CD25) of theIL-2 receptorofT cells.[2]It is used in combination with other medicines used to prevent organ rejection.[2][3]
| Monoclonal antibody | |
|---|---|
| Type | Whole antibody |
| Source | Chimeric(mouse/human) |
| Target | CD25 |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Simulect |
| AHFS/Drugs | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a612013 |
| License data |
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| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Intravenous |
| Drug class | Immunosuppressants |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokineticdata | |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 7.2 days |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider |
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| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C6378H9844N1698O1997S48 |
| Molar mass | 143801.68g·mol−1 |
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The most common side effects (seen in more than 20% of patients) include constipation, urinary tract infections (infection of the structures that carry urine), pain, nausea (feeling sick), peripheral oedema (swelling), hypertension (high blood pressure), anemia (low red blood cell counts), headache, hyperkalaemia (high blood potassium levels), hypercholesterolaemia (high blood cholesterol levels), surgical wound complication, weight increase, increased serum creatinine (a marker of kidney problems), hypophosphataemia (low blood phosphate levels), diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection (colds).[3]
Basiliximab was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in 1998.[2][3][4]
Medical uses
editBasiliximab isindicatedfor the prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in de-novo allogeneic renal transplantation.[3]It is to be used concomitantly with ciclosporin for microemulsion- and corticosteroid-based immunosuppression, in people with panel reactive antibodies less than 80%, or in a triple maintenance immunosuppressive regimen containing ciclosporin for microemulsion, corticosteroids and either azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil.[3]
Basiliximab is animmunosuppressantagent used to prevent immediatetransplant rejectionin people who are receiving kidney transplants, in combination with other agents.[5]It has been reported that some cases oflichen planushave been successfully treated with basiliximab as an alternative therapy tocyclosporin.No short-term side effects have been reported.[6]
Mechanism of action
editBasiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the Alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production ofantibodies,which would bind to the transplanted organ and stimulate an immune response against the transplant.[7][8]
Chemistry
editIt is a chimeric CD25 monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 isotype.[7][8]
History
editIt is aNovartisproduct and was approved by theFood and Drug Administration(FDA) in 1998.[9]
References
edit- ^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)".nctr-crs.fda.gov.FDA.Retrieved22 October2023.
- ^abcde"Simulect- basiliximab injection, powder, for solution".DailyMed.6 October 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 6 October 2022.Retrieved27 February2023.
- ^abcdefg"Simulect EPAR".European Medicines Agency.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2022.Retrieved27 February2023.Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
- ^"Basiliximab Product Approval Information - Licensing Action".U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA). 20 February 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 13 January 2017.Retrieved27 February2023.
- ^MedlinePlus. Last Revised - 15 June 2012Basiliximab InjectionArchived5 July 2016 at theWayback Machine
- ^Katsambas AD, Lotti TM (2003).European handbook of dermatological treatments(2nd ed.). p. 291.ISBN3-540-00878-0.
- ^abHardinger KL, Brennan DC, Klein CL (July 2013). "Selection of induction therapy in kidney transplantation".Transplant International.26(7):662–72.doi:10.1111/tri.12043.PMID23279211.S2CID3296555.
- ^ab"Basiliximab label"(PDF).Food and Drug Administration.Archived(PDF)from the original on 22 February 2017.Retrieved16 December2019.
- ^Waldmann TA (March 2003)."Immunotherapy: past, present and future".Nature Medicine.9(3):269–77.doi:10.1038/nm0303-269.PMID12612576.S2CID9745527.Archivedfrom the original on 13 April 2021.Retrieved5 June2020.
