Wikipedia

Belle (Disney character)

This article is about the Disney character. For the song from the film, seeBelle (Disney song).

Belleis a fictional character inDisney'sBeauty and the Beastfranchise, first appearing in the1991 animated film of the same name.Voiced byPaige O'Hara,Belle is thebook-lovingdaughter of an inventor, who yearns for adventure. When her father,Maurice,is imprisoned by an unkindbeastin his enchanted castle, Belle offers her own freedom in exchange for his. Despite his outward appearance, she gradually befriends the Beast, who softens towards her and others in return.

Belle
Beauty and the Beastcharacter
Belle with herball gownas she appears inBeauty and the Beast(1991).
First appearanceBeauty and the Beast(1991)
Created byLinda Woolverton
Based onBeauty
byGabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve
Designed by
Voiced by
Portrayed by
In-universe information
AffiliationDisney Princesses
FamilyMaurice(father)
SignificantotherBeast
NationalityFrench

Disney chairmanJeffrey KatzenbergcommissionedBeauty and the Beastas an animatedmusicalwith astrong heroine,for which he hired first-time screenwriterLinda Woolverton.Basing her on the heroine of thefairy tale of the same name,Woolverton adapted Belle into a more proactive character for the film, deliberately conceiving her as afeministto curtail criticisms Disney had long received for purportedly portraying female characters as victims. Inspired by thewomen's rights movementand actressKatharine Hepburn's performance in the filmLittle Women(1933), Woolverton created Belle as a unique departure from previous Disney heroines, particularlyThe Little Mermaid'sAriel.However, some story artists often contested Woolverton's liberated vision for the character. Animated byJames BaxterandMark Henn,the former of whom based the character's graceful gait on those of impressionistEdgar Degas' ballerinas, Belle's European facial features were inspired by those of British actressesVivien LeighandAudrey Hepburn.Several additional Hollywood actresses inspired Belle's appearance, includingNatalie Wood,Elizabeth Taylor,andGrace Kelly.Disney auditioned 500 candidates for the role, before casting O'Hara based on her mature-sounding voice andBroadwayexperience.

Belle has garnered widespread acclaim from film critics who appreciated the character's bravery, intelligence, and independence. Reception towards her feminism, however, has been more mixed, with commentators accusing the character's actions of being romance-oriented. The fifthDisney Princess,Belle is often ranked among the franchise's best members. Highly regarded as one of Disney's strongest examples of a feminist character, critics agree that Belle helped spearhead a generation of independent film heroines while changing the reputation of a Disney princess. Also one of Disney's most iconic characters, Belle was the only animated heroine nominated for theAmerican Film Institute'sgreatest heroes in film ranking.The character also appears in the film's severalsequels and spin-offs,as well as her ownlive-action television series.American actressSusan Eganoriginated the role of Belle in theBroadway musical adaptation of the film,for which she was nominated for aTony Award for Best Actress in a Musical.Emma Watsonplayed Belle in the2017 live-action adaptation of the film.

Development

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Creation and writing

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Following the success ofDisney's first feature-length animated filmSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs(1937),Walt Disneyhimself had attempted to adapt the "Beauty and the Beast"fairy tale into one of the studio's earliest animated films several times, notably during the 1930s and 1950s.[3]The project was repeatedly shelved due to the fairy tale's "static"main characters and plot,[4]with Walt Disney expressing particular concern over depicting Belle's imprisonment.[5]Inspired by the success of 1989'sThe Little Mermaid,Disney chairmanJeffrey Katzenberggreen-litanother attempt at adapting the fairy tale under director Richard Purdum.[5]However, Katzenberg was dissatisfied with Purdum's dark, somber interpretation,[6][7]and ultimately ordered that it be completely reworked into amusical filmstarring astrong heroine,similar toThe Little Mermaid.[8]Largely in retaliation to critics' negative response towardsThe Little Mermaid'sArielregarding her overall character and motivations,[9]Disney opted for a "feministtwist "on the originalBeauty and the Beaststory,[10]with Katzenberg hiring first-time screenwriterLinda Woolvertonto write itsscreenplay.[7][11]

ScreenwriterLinda Woolvertonbased Belle on actressKatherine Hepburn's performance inLittle Women(1933).

Disney traditionally portrayed its female characters as victims prior toBeauty and the Beast,[12]with Belle's lack of empowerment in earlier drafts of the film proving contentious among its writers.[13]While the studio wantedBeauty and the Beastto resemble an old-fashioned film, the writers envisioned Belle as "a woman that was ahead of her time".[14]As the first woman to write a feature-length animated film for Disney,[15]Woolverton decided to use Belle as an opportunity to create a female character who would ultimately be better received than Disney's previous animated heroines, specially Ariel.[10][16][17]Aware of the task's daunting nature due to the mermaid's popularity,[17]Woolverton fought relentlessly to create "a new kind of Disney heroine".[18]Inspired by thewomen's rights movementWoolverton herself had experienced,[12]the screenwriter conceived Belle as a headstrong feminist to avoid creating another "insipid" Disney princess.[17]Woolverton strongly believed contemporary audiences would not identify with Belle unless she was updated appropriately,[12]and thus evolved the character into "a woman of the '90s".[19]Refusing to watchJean Cocteau's1946 film adaptation of the fairy tale,Woolverton instead based Belle on actressKatharine Hepburn's portrayal ofJo Marchin the1933 film adaptationofLouisa May Alcott's bookLittle Women.[15][20]Similarly, story artistBrenda Chapmandrew influence from Hepburn's on-screen bickering with actorSpencer Tracyfor certain scenes with theBeast.[21]

Beauty and the Beast's story department was predominantly male.[22]Woolverton often argued with the more traditional story artists over Belle's role and personality,[23][24]but continued to be supported by Katzenberg and lyricistHoward Ashman,the latter of whom also lobbied for "a thinker and a reader" who "wasn't a victim".[24]Woolverton claims the story team challenged virtually everything she wrote for the character,[25]on one occasion replacing what Woolverton had scripted as Belle indicating where she wishes to travel on a map with the character baking a cake.[15][26]Arguing that the liberated Belle would not even know how to bake,[23]Woolverton compromised by having the character read a book instead,[18]which ironically some writers considered too passive an activity.[15]To resolve this, Woolverton ultimately scripted Belle walking while reading, an activity in which she herself partook in as a child.[15]Despite constant re-writes she found "regressive",[18]Woolverton's overall vision for Belle generally remained intact.[12]

In the original fairy tale, Belle has two selfish sisters who have their own love interests, all of whom Woolverton omitted to focus on Belle's dynamic withGaston.[27]The writer also eliminated thesubplotsurrounding Belle asking her father for a rose.[12]Supporting characters from Purdum's treatment, such as Belle's younger sister Clarice and cruel Aunt Marguerite, were also discarded,[28][29]the former to emphasize Belle's loneliness,[30]and the latter replaced by Gaston as the film's villain.[28]InJeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's fairy tale, Belle is essentially forced to replace her father as the Beast's prisoner.[31]To emphasize the character's independence, Woolverton re-wrote Belle to willingly venture to the castle in search of her father, where she confronts the Beast and ultimately trades her own freedom in return for Maurice's.[16]To demonstrate that the character is not perfect,[32]Woolverton described "a little wisp of hair that keeps falling in her face," which was the only direction she used to describe Belle's physical appearance.[23]During Gaston'sclimacticfight with the Beast, the character's line "Time to die!", which had already been animated, was changed to "Belle is mine!" to refocus the story on Belle.[33]

Voice

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Disney auditioned approximately 500 actresses for the role of Belle.[34][35]They originally considered re-hiring Ariel's voice actressJodi Benson,but ultimately decided she sounded too young andAmericanfor the character they had created.[36][37]The filmmakers wanted Belle to sound closer to a woman than a girl,[14]citing actressJudy Garlandas an inspiration.[36]Actress and singerPaige O'Harawas performing onBroadwaywhen she first read about Disney's then-upcoming animated filmBeauty and the BeastinThe New York Times.[38]O'Hara immediately booked an audition once she learned the studio was recruiting Broadway talent for itsfemale lead.[38][39]Familiar with O'Hara's work in the Broadway musicalShow Boat,[40]Ashman had already been considering her for the role.[41]O'Hara auditioned five times over the span of two weeks,[39][42]first solely for casting director Albert Taveres.[43]For her next two auditions, she mailed recordings of herself singing "Heaven Help My Heart" from the musicalChessto Disney in Los Angeles.[39][44]At her first in-person audition, O'Hara originally spoke and sang in a higherregisterto mimicSnow White,but the filmmaker's preferred her natural voice.[14]In addition to Katzenberg and Ashman, O'Hara's last few auditions were attended by directorsKirk WiseandGary Trousdale,producerDon Hahn,and composerAlan Menken.[39][44]The songwriters initially listened with their eyes closed to avoid being influenced by her physical appearance.[43]An hour after her fifth and final audition,[44]Disney telephoned O'Hara to inform her she had been cast, which coincidentally occurred on her birthday.[45]The actress was fairly confident she had been cast before it was official,[14][40]for which she credits Ashman.[46][47]

Belle's voice actress,Paige O'Hara.

Already 30 years-old by her audition, O'Hara naturally imbued Belle's voice with maturity despite her character's young age,[14][37]reflecting Woolverton's vision.[40][48]In addition to sharing Belle's love of reading,[49]O'Hara empathized with her character being ostracized by her peers due to her unconventional interests,[40]explaining, "I was into musical theater... while people were going toLed Zeppelinconcerts... I had a one-track mind, and I think that Belle was like that a lot ".[14]The actress worked on the film on-and-off for over two years,[40]and completed the entire script during her first day of recording.[50]She identified the scene where Belle is gifted the Beast's library among the fastest she recorded due to her own love of books, "so all I had to imagine was that my husband gave me that library".[51]

She initially found it challenging to soften her voice during recording sessions due to having been trained to project as a stage performer.[45]Despite its costliness, O'Hara and actorRobby Benson,voice of the Beast, were granted permission from Disney to record in the same booth as opposed to separately,[14][52]becoming some of the few voice actors to do so for Disney.[46]O'Hara credited these intimate recording sessions with helping Belle and the Beast's relationship sound more convincing.[14][46]Although the actress would occasionallyad-libper the directors' encouragement,[41]none of her improvisation was included in the final film.[53]Despite her successful stage career, O'Hara was virtually unknown toHollywoodwhen she was cast inBeauty and the Beast;she was one of the last obscure actors to be cast in a feature-length Disney animated film before the studio began casting better-known talent in subsequent animated projects.[39]

Since the film's 1991 release, O'Hara has reprised the role in a variety of follow-up films, tie-in media, and merchandise, including itsdirect-to-videosequelsBeauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas(1997),Belle's Magical World(1998), andBelle's Tales of Friendship(1999).[36]Additionally, O'Hara performed the song "Belle"at the64th Academy Awardsin 1992, where it had been nominated for anAcademy AwardforBest Original Song.[54]In 2012, O'Hara described Disney as her "main employer for 20 years".[55]In 2011,[56]O'Hara was officially replaced by actressJulie Nathanson,who first voiced Belle in the video gameKinect: Disneyland Adventures(2011).[57][58][59]O'Hara revealed to the that news of her replacement greatly upset her to the point that she re-recorded much of Belle's dialogue to prove she is still capable of voicing the character. She did admit, however, that maintaining the proper pitch required more effort compared to 20 years ago.[55]Regardless, she voiced Belle again in the 2018 filmRalph Breaks the Internet,[60]as well as the 2023 shortOnce Upon a Studio.[61]

Personality

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According to producerDon Hahn,Beaumont's Belle is an "incredibly passive" character, the personality of whom he likened to those ofAurorafromSleeping Beauty(1959) andCinderella,as well as American actressDoris Day,describing them as women who are "capable, but filling a role that women might fill in the 1950s and 1960s".[62]The filmmakers painstakingly reworked Belle into a more three-dimensional character by providing her with goals and aspirations beyond romance and marriage,[62]while expanding her passive role into that of a more inquisitive heroine.[63]Determined to have Belle resemble "an unusual Disney heroine", Woolverton deliberately molded her into an independent character who is not a princess, enjoys books and has little interest in marriage,[8]and worked closely with Ashman to create a proactive heroine "who was a thinker and a reader and she wasn't about what she looked like and she wasn't a victim".[24]Although Belle being well-read is mentioned in the original fairy tale, it is hardly important to its plot.[64]Thus, Belle's passion for reading was vastly expanded upon, borrowing from both theLittle Womencharacter Jo March and Woolverton's own love of reading to further demonstrate the character's intelligence and open mind.[16]

Both Woolverton and O'Hara encouraged the filmmakers to emphasize the intelligent and book-loving aspects of Belle's personality.[43]However, at times the animators struggled to fulfill Woolverton's vision.[65]Originally, Belle was depicted constantly crying throughout her imprisonment; Woolverton resented this, arguing that the character was much more likely to be either searching for an escape or simply "be intrigued that she was living in an enchanted castle" than crying.[23]"Once everybody realized she wasn't going to be this typical Disney female, they would go to the extreme... She becamebitchy";the screenwriter argued that Belle would be" too smart "to act this way.[65]O'Hara considers Belle to be the first Disney heroine of her kind in many ways, being not actively searching for romance, seeking adventure, older, liberated, and very intelligent.[50]

A few years older thanThe Little Mermaid's Ariel, Belle's love of reading makes the character more worldly and mature than her predecessor.[66]Belle is believed by Henn to be "probably" the oldest of Disney's princesses.[67]Although multiple sources have claimed over the years that the character is 17,[68][69][70]Henn estimated Belle to be in her early 20's.[71]In an interview forVanity Fair,Paige O'Hara stated to believe that Belle was the only Disney princess to be in her 20's.[72]The officialDisney Princesses(which Belle is part of), however, are estimated to be not older than 19, with Cinderella and Tiana being the oldest members in the official Disney Princesses lineup and franchise, being both estimated to be 19.[73]

Design and animation

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Belle's supervising animators wereJames BaxterandMark Henn.[74]Wanting Belle to look more European than Ariel, the animators drew her with fuller lips, narrower eyes, and darker eyebrows, all of which were inspired by British actressVivien Leigh.[66][75]Appearing more statuesque than traditional Disney princesses, Belle was also inspired byteen idolsJennie GarthandAlyssa Milano.[71]Belle was also inspired by actress Judy Garland's role asDorothy GaleinThe Wizard of Oz(1939) andJulie Andrews' performance asMaria von TrappinThe Sound of Music(1965).[76][77]

Belle was the second Disney heroine Henn worked on, after Ariel.[78]He worked on specific scenes out of the studio'sFlorida division,[79]and has since animated several Disney princesses sinceBeauty and the Beast.[80]Henn observed that, unlike Ariel, Belle does not immediately fall in love; instead, "there's an actual relationship you see grow".[81]Henn decorated his studio using photographs of famous women for reference, specificallyclassic HollywoodactressesNatalie Wood,Elizabeth Taylor,Grace Kelly,andAudrey Hepburn.[40][82][54]Henn said Belle's appearance started to finalize once he heard O'Hara's voice for the first time, from which point they married her performance with the designs they had already been conceiving.[82]O'Hara found herself intimated by the photographs of "all these beautiful women", but animator Lorna Cook reassured her that they would reference her own photo as well.[82]While working onBeauty and the Beast,Henn hardly met O'Hara apart from rare occasions when he would travel to California for production meetings.[82]Meanwhile, the animators dissuaded O'Hara from seeing drawings of the character until much later into production, encouraging the actress to simply let the animators draw her.[82]

Baxter based Belle's animation on the sketches story artistsRoger Allersand Brenda Chapman had already done for the character, deciding to draw Belle with a rounder face in addition to making her more European-looking.[83]They decided the character should be abrunette,a hair color Disney had rarely used for their princesses since Snow White.[83]Baxter studied the art of FrenchimpressionistEdgar Degas,a painter known for his ballerina portraits,[84]whose work inspired the animator to incorporate "graceful,swan-likemovements "into Belle's movement.[75]Belle's ball gownwas inspired by a costume Audrey Hepburn wore in the romantic comedyRoman Holiday(1953).[75]Hahn and a team of male filmmakers designed the gown while consuming pizza and alcohol.[67]Originally, the film's marketing department wanted the dress to be pink to cater to female audiences, but art director Brian McEntee lobbied for a gold dress to differentiate Belle from other Disney princesses.[85][86]McEntee also suggested that Belle be the only character in her village wearing blue to emphasize that she is an outcast.[33]The colors Belle wears throughout the film also mirror her emotions, blue being associated with sadness and loneliness.[75]Blue was also used to symbolize Belle's goodness, while Gaston's red wardrobe represents evil.[87]

Animators videotaped O'Hara's recording sessions to incorporate her mannerisms, expressions, and gestures into her character's design.[43]O'Hara claims some of her family members immediately recognized her physical traits in Belle upon watching the film.[82]Actress and writerSherri Stonerserved as the performance model for Belle, providinglive-actionreference for the animators.[88]Belle's tendency to constantly brush her hair away from her face was inspired by both Stoner and O'Hara.[45][43]The animators also borrowed from O'Hara's eyes, cheekbones, and eyebrows.[54]O'Hara felt that Belle originally looked "too perfect", comparing her to actressAngelina Jolie.[40][89]O'Hara initially feared children would not be able to relate to her until the animators made her appear less perfect.[82][89]Writing for theLos Angeles Times,Charles Solomon observed inconsistencies in Belle's appearance, stating, "The prettiest and liveliest Belle waltzes with Beast in his marble ballroom and weeps over his body before he's transformed into the Prince" while "The Belle who receives the library from Beast has wider-set eyes and a more prominent mouth than the noticeably slimmer Belle who sings 'Something There.'"[90]

Characterization and themes

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Woolverton created Belle as part of "her self-directed mandate to move women and girls forward."[18]The Express-Timesdescribed the character as an intelligent young woman who "sings songs about reading and wanting to gain knowledge, rather than falling in love."[91]Woolverton credits Belle's knowledge and love of books with providing the character with a "point of view of her life and that doesn't necessarily involve a man getting her there."[66]One of the film's main themes, Belle is considered an outsider because her love of reading provides her with knowledge of the outside world as opposed to her "narrow-minded" village peers.[5]Writing forWired,Matt Blum dubbed Belle "thegeekiestheroine of any Disney animated film ", exemplified by an opening number that demonstrates just how much she does not fit in with her peers due to her intelligence and active imagination.[92]Similarly,Boxoffice's Amy Nicholson coined the character "Disney's Smartest Heroine",[31]while Rob Burch ofThe Hollywood Newsobserved that the character "comes across as arrogant at times" because she "spends much of thefirst actcomplaining. "[37]In her bookSex, Love and Abuse: Discourses on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault,author Sharon Hayes described Belle as "the quintessential beautiful youngingénue."[93]Comparing Belle's personality to that of the princess in theBrothers Grimm's fairy tale "The Frog Prince",The Meanings of "Beauty and the Beast": A Handbookauthor Jerry Griswold described the character as a similarly "feisty and outspoken" heroine.[94]Writing forSt. Francis Xavier University,Dawn Elizabeth England observed that Belle possesses equally as many traditionally feminine as she doesmasculinetraits, citing her bravery, independence and assertiveness as masculine, and her sensitivity and fearfulness asfeminine.[95]According toHard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Eraauthor Susan Jeffords, "Belle's credentials as heroine are established... when she is the only one of the town's single women not to swoon over Gaston," while the character's love of reading is essentially manipulated "to mark her as better than the rest of the townspeople."[96]Writing forThe Statesman,David O'Connor cited Belle's intelligence andbibliophiliaas "in stark opposition to the insensitive and significantlydim-wittedGaston. "[97]Critics continue to debate over whether Belle or the Beast is the film's protagonist. Susan Jeffords, author ofHard Bodies: Hollywood Masculinity in the Reagan Era,felt that although Belle appears to be the protagonist in Beaumont's original fairy tale, the character becomes "less the focus of the narrative" in Disney's adaptation and more of a "mechanism for solving the Beast's 'dilemma.'"[96]In her article "The Tangled Evolution of the Disney Princess," Noelle Buffam felt that Belle arrived just in time when Disney's heroines were "in a dire need for some change," awarding her "the red stamp of approval" for her intelligence and spirit.[98]

Analyzing ways in which Disney's heroines have evolved over time due to "the approach to the characterization of the princesses chang[ing]" as the characters gradually transformed from passive young women into heroines who "had ambitions and desires aside from finding true love,"[99]critics often divide the Disney Princesses into three separate categories and rank Belle among the middle of thetimeline,[100]with Kit Steinkellner ofHelloGigglesobserving that the character improved upon "the Disney princessarchetype"by simultaneously serving as both a"dreamer"and a" doer "in her film, as opposed to exclusively the former.[101]Film historian Paula Sigman Lowery explained to theDaily Expressthat Belle's personality is a combination of Ariel's spirit and burgeoning independence, andPocahontas' maturity, while Belle is "a little older [than Ariel] and a little further along in their journey towards independence."[102]About's David Nusair believes that Belle belongs to a category of Disney Princesses known as "The Lady Vanishes", in which the heroines, in spite of being brave, outspoken and independent, nonetheless "are forced to behave passively as others help them achieve their respective goals."[103]Michelle Munro, writing forDurham College,felt that even though Belle shares several traits with her more passive predecessors, the character introduced "new possibilities for princesses."[104]Girls in Capes wrote that Belle pioneered a generation of princesses who taught "about ambition, self-discovery and the pursuit of what we want."[99]Additionally, Belle remains Disney's first and only princess to have hazel eyes.[105][106]

Appearances

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Film and television

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Belle debuted inBeauty and the Beast(1991) as a beautifulbibliophile[107][108]who, although praised by her fellow villagers for her unrivaled beauty, is at the same time ridiculed for her intelligence and non-conformity. Having grown weary of her uneventful provincial life, in which she is relentlessly romantically pursued by an arrogant hunter namedGaston,Belle longs for adventure. After her father's horse returns without its rider, she willingly ventures into the woods in search of her father. She persuades the Beast that she will trade her own freedom in return for her father's, since her father is ill in the dungeon, promising to remain with theBeastin his castle among his staff of enchanted objects forever. Belle's curiosity leads her to the forbidden west wing where she discovers an enchanted rose without realizing that it is tied to the Beast's fate; and the Beast's rage at her trespassing causes her to flee the castle on horseback. Belle is pursued by wolves in the woods but they are driven off by the Beast, afterwards Belle helps the injured Beast back to the castle and nurses him back to health. Although she initially dislikes her captor, Belle gradually learns to accept the Beast in spite of his appearance and eventually befriends him. Belle and the Beast's strong bond greatly envies Gaston to the point of which he storms the castle and mortally wounds the Beast, though Gaston falls to his own death in the process. However, Belle breaks down and confesses her love for the Beast just in time to break thespellunder which he had been placed by an enchantress as punishment for his selfish ways, and the Beast ultimately transforms back into a handsome prince.[109]

InBeauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas(1997), Belle attempts to reignite the castle's waning spirit by reintroducing and celebratingChristmas,in spite of the Beast's strong resentment towards the holiday. Meanwhile, a solemnpipe organnamed Forte grows determined to sabotage Belle and the Beast's burgeoning friendship because he longs to maintain hisco-dependent relationshipwith his master. Tricked by Forte into retrieving a largeChristmas treefrom a frozen pond, Belle nearly drowns, only to be rescued by the Beast. The Beast, however, having been misinformed by Forte, wrongly accuses Belle of trying to escape again, and locks her in the dungeon as punishment. When the Beast finally discovers the truth, they forgive each other, and Belle helps him thwart Forte's plan to destroy the castle.[110]Belle's Magical World(1998), depicts Belle as she interacts with both the Beast and his enchanted servants in various segments, exploring themes such as forgiveness, friendship, cooperation and respect.[111]

InBelle's Tales of Friendship(1999), a spin-off of the film series, Belle owns abookshopin which she teaches valuable lessons to children by reading and retelling well-known stories and fairy tales, narrating four Disney animated shorts:The Three Little Pigs(1933),Peter and the Wolf(1946),The Wise Little Hen(1934), andMorris the Midget Moose(1950). For the first time, Belle appears as both animated and live-action versions of herself, voiced and portrayed by actresses Paige O'Hara and Lynsey McLeod, respectively. In the television seriesSing Me a Story with Belle(1995–97), Belle, in a role reprised by McLeod, runs her ownmusicand bookshop, where she is visited by children to whom she tells and sings stories.[112][113]

Reception

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Critical response

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Belle has received largely positive reviews from film critics, who praised her bravery, intelligence, independence, and maturity.[114][115][116]Jennie Punter ofThe Globe and Maildescribed Belle as a "smart, courageous... 'take-charge kind of gal'", crowning her the film's "main attraction".[117]Both Emma Cochrane ofEmpireand Annlee Ellingson ofPasteenjoyed the character's feminism, with the former hailing Belle as "more rounded than previous Disney characters".[118][119]According to Stephen Hunter ofThe Baltimore Sun,Belle is "no passive fairy tale princess, but a real live girl, with a spunky personality and her own private agenda".[120]A reviewer forTV Guidefelt the film's familiar plot was improved by Belle's confidence and independence, concluding, "Unlike Disney heroines... Belle is smart, knows what she wants, and doesn't spend her time pining away for the love of a handsome prince".[121]Marc BernardinofEntertainment Weeklydubbed Belle "the hero" ofBeauty and the Beast,[122]while the same publication's Christian Blauvelt opined, "Unlike previous Disney heroines who needed to be rescued by a prince themselves, Belle not only saves the Beast's life, she saves his soul".[123]TLC's Vicki Arkoff reviewed Belle a "smart" and "sharp-tongued", crediting the character with "break[ing] Disney's passive-princess mold".[124]About's David Nusair described Belle as an "admirable" heroine.[125]AllMovie's Don Kaye and Perry Seibert echoed each other's reviews of the character, with Kaye describing both Belle and theBeastas "three-dimensional... complex individuals who defy stereotyping and change over the course of the story",[126]and Seibert calling Belle a "strong female character" who "sidesteps most of the clichés surrounding Disney heroines".[127]Common Sense Mediahailed Belle as "one of Disney's smartest, most independent heroines".[128]In 2022, Matthew Stewart and Paul Sheehan ofGold Derbyranked Belle as the second best Disney Princess writing, "Belle is one of the smartest, bravest, and most tender-hearted characters the Disney company has ever created, and her story becomes more and more relevant all the time. By daring to improve her mind even when ridiculed for it, fortifying herself against Gaston's oafish advances, and making her own choice when it comes to love, she serves as a source of inspiration for all women."[129]

Several critics also voiced their preference for the character over her immediate predecessor, Ariel.[116]Hal Hinson ofThe Washington Postdescribed Belle as a "compelling" character who is "more mature, more womanly and less blandlyasexual"than Ariel, as well as" a more worldly girl ", describing her as" a bookworm, with gumption and a mind of her own ".[130]Similarly comparing Belle to Ariel, John Hartl ofThe Seattle Timeswrote that, inBeauty and the Beast,"there's rarely a sense of déjà vu, perhaps because the heroine is so different from 'Mermaid's' dependent Ariel, and her dilemma is more poignant",[131]whileBoxofficescribed, "Undoubtedly in response to criticism that the cute little 'Mermaid' Ariel was nothing more than a precocious sexpot, the idea-people behind this beauty—aptly named Belle... chose to make her an icon of self-reliance and a voracious reader with a curiosity and love for everything around her".[132]

Meanwhile, Belle's relationship with the Beast has also been met with positive reviews. About 's David Nusair wrote that "the palpable chemistry between Belle and The Beast ensur[es] thatBeauty and the Beastlives up to its reputation as one of the most memorable romances of all time. "[133]Describing it as an "unconventional romance", Charles Solomon of theLos Angeles Timesopined, "The idea of a young woman learning to love a gentle heart hidden beneath a baleful exterior represented a major break with tradition."[90]Likewise, critics enjoyed O'Hara's performance. According toVariety,Belle was "magnificently voiced by O'Hara."[134]The Star-Ledger's Stephen Whitty enjoyed O'Hara's "prettysoprano".[135]John Hartl ofThe Seattle Timeswrote, "O'Hara does a spirited job of investing the character with warmth, intuition and maturity,"[131]while theSun-Sentinel's Candice Russel felt that O'Hara "does a good job of creating Belle as intellectual, wisely feminine and disarmed by the stirrings of her heart."[136]

One of the character's few negative reviews was written by Ethan Alter ofTelevision Without Pity,who opined:

[T]he movie... present[ed] audiences with a willful female protagonist that was firmly in control of her romantic destiny and regularly placed reading books above chasing after boys. And it's true that in that respect at least, Belle stood in stark contrast to past Disney heroines... Still, the filmmakers didn't do the character any favors by swapping out that boy crazy trait for a pronounced maternalistic streak that comes across as a little creepy. Besides being utterly devoted to her father, Belle's relationship with the Beast possesses a distinctly mother/toddler dynamic... Their romance also lacks spark because – due to the fundamental set-up of the narrative... it's always clear that he needs her far more than she needs him. Particularly when compared to some of the dynamic animated heroines that came after her... today Belle can't help but seem... bland.

— Television Without Pity's Ethan Alter's mixed analysis of Belle.[137]

Emma Watson's portrayal as Belle in the2017 filmwas generally well received by critics.A. O. ScottofThe New York Timeswrote that Watson "perfectly embodies Belle's compassion and intelligence."[138]The Washington Post'sAnn Hornadaycomplimented Watson's performance, describing it as "alert and solemn" while noting her singing ability as "serviceable enough to get the job done."[139]Richard RoeperofChicago Sun-Timesalso lauded Watson's performance writing that she "is all pluck and spunk and sass and smarts and fierce independence as Belle."[140]Stephen Whitty of theNew YorkDaily Newsdescribed Watson's portrayal of Belle as "breakthrough".[141]While Tim Robey ofThe Daily Telegraphdid not find Watson to be "a flawless Belle", he did overall say that "she's good: that girl-next-door winsomeness and a sweet, clear singing voice see her through." He also remarked her portrayal of Belle as "dazzles" and "ideal".[142]For her performance as Belle, Watson won theMTV Movie Award for Best Performanceas well as theTeen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress – Sci-Fi/Fantasy.[143][144]She also received nominations for theEmpire Award for Best Actress,theSaturn Award for Best Actress,and theNickelodeon Kids' Choice Awardfor Favorite Movie Actress.[145][146][147]

Feminist analysis

edit

Disney has deliberately marketed Belle as a feminist since 1991,[148][149]butfeminist criticshave long debated if the character is a positive depiction of feminism,[150][151][148]arguing about whether she is "feminist enough".[77][152]According to Kathi Maio ofNew Internationalist,the studio convinced most critics by highlighting Belle's feminist traits in their marketing campaign, although she argued that the character's love of reading is her only feminist quality.[153]Jezebelsaid Belle "is often held up as the standard of the 'feminist' Disney princess",[154]andStylistranked Belle among the most feminist Disney characters, describing her as an "incredibly intelligent" woman who "doesn't stand for a man who considers her as just a piece of meat... she wants someone who loves her for her mind too".[155]In his bookHearing a Film, Seeing a Sermon: Preaching and Popular Movies,author Timothy B. Cargal agreed that the character indicated Disney's "efforts to reshape their heroines for a more feminist age".[156]According toGirl Culture: An Encyclopediaauthor Claudia Mitchell, Belle's feminism was influenced bythird-wave feminismand the relatively new concept ofGirl powerduring the 1990s.[157]

AlthoughBeauty and the Beastwas initially praised for starring a forward-thinking, feminist heroine,[158]some critics agree that the film remains a romance about a girl searching for her "ideal man", despite Belle's open resentment towards Gaston.[159]Twilight and Historyauthor Nancy Reagin felt Belle still perpetuates the idea of "fulfillment through marriage", despite being a significant departure from herhomemakingpredecessors.[160]Kathleen Maher ofThe Austin Chroniclecited Belle as an example of "pseudo-feminism"because she only rejects one man in favor of another, a prince.[161]While commending Belle for "seeing past the beast's appearance", Judith Welikala ofThe Independentultimately accused the character of "melting back into therole of wifewhen he turns back into a handsome prince ".[162]Fairy Taleauthor Andrew Teverson referred to Belle as Disney's attempt to address "feminist criticism of its representation of women in earlier films," but ultimately criticized the character's curiosity for "extend[ing] only to romance," additionally accusing her of being "azealousindividualist with apathologicalhostility to common men and women ".[163]Acknowledging the character's "feminist longings", Daniel Eigen, author ofAmerica's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry,cited Belle as Disney's "modern-day corrective to Snow White".[27]Beyond Adaptation: Essays on Radical Transformations of Original Worksauthor Phyllis Frus said what remote feminismBeauty and the Beasthad achieved via Belle was ultimately reversed by inducting her into theDisney Princessfranchise.[152]InRefinery29's "Definitive Ranking Of Disney Princesses As Feminist Role Models," author Vanessa Golembewski ranked the character eighth but described her personality and ambitions as "confusing".[164]Complex's Tara Aquino described Belle as "a kinda feminist... who's well-read, self-sufficient, and with standards high enough that she doesn't fall for the town's brain-dead pretty boy."[165][166]

Critics have generally reacted more negatively towards Belle's relationship with the film's male characters, particularly the Beast, questioning its morality. Writing for theUniversity of Central Florida,Faith Dickens felt that Belle becomes little more than "a vehicle for exploring the Beast's dilemmas", with her thirst for adventure being replaced by romance, and criticized her lack of reformation in comparison to the Beast.[158]Anna E. Altmann, author ofTales, Then and Now: More Folktales as Literary Fictions for Young Adults,disliked Belle for appearing to share a motherly relationship with both the Beast and Maurice, and her interest in reading being limited to fairy tales.[149]Scholar and culture criticHenry A. Girouxfelt that Belle serves as little more than "a prop for resolving the Beast's problems".[167]Sonia Saraiya ofNerveranked Belle the sixth-most feministDisney Princess,writing that, unlike Ariel, "Belle's sass doesn't come fromteenage rebellion,but rather from intellectual acuity. "Saraiya commended Belle for resisting" her village's expectations of what her life should look like, "crediting her with being" the first princess to express some skepticism about married life. "While calling Belle's sacrifice" brave ", the author also labeled it" not much of a step forwomankind,"in the end accusing her of falling" for a domineering man. "[168]Similarly, Kit Steinkellner ofHelloGigglesexpressed concerns over the "abusive undercurrents running through Belle and Beast's relationship" despite her proactivity.[101]Bustle's Mary Grace Garis also commended Belle's aspirations and love of reading, but criticized her relationship with the Beast.[169]

Cultural impact

edit

Deemed an "iconoclast"byBoxoffice Pro,[170]Belle has been cemented as acultural iconfor her role inBeauty and the Beast.[39][41][171][172]According toTimeandHarper's Bazaar,the character holds the distinction of being Disney's first feminist princess.[18][173]Commentators believe the character's reputation as one of Disney's firststrong female charactersis responsible for changing the way in which women would be depicted in subsequent animated films.[174][175][176][177]According to Kevin Fallon ofThe Daily Beast,before Belle "being a Disney princess meant singing songs about how much you love combing your hair with a fork and giving away your voice if it meant you got to marry the guy with that dreamy chiseled jaw."[178]Charles Solomon of theLos Angeles Timesconsiders Belle to be among four Disney Princesses responsible for breaking "the bonds of convention".[179]About's David Nusair agreed that Belle successfully "updated the princess formula for an entirely new generation".[103]The Atlantic's Lindsay Lowe echoed Nusair's sentiment, citing Belle as the character responsible for ending Disney's "history of... docile heroines".[176]Cathy Schmidt ofThe Daily Campusrecognized Belle and Ariel as "the beginnings of the more modern Disney princesses".[180]Writing forVirgin Media,Limara Salt believes that the character "proved that audiences could fall in love with a brown-haired intellectual".[116]A survey conducted by Disney after the film's release determined that Belle's love of books inspired young women to read.[52]Justin Humphreys ofThe Hookexpressed, "Belle remains a most successful princess because people can relate" to her.[181]Elina Bolokhova ofParentingbelieves that Belle's "bravery and independence helped redefine the meaning of a Disney princess".[177]According to Emily Rome ofUproxx,"Belle became an immediate favorite for any girl who, like Belle, would rather have her nose stuck in a book than doing just about anything else".[51]

Belle is the fifth member of theDisney Princessfranchise,[182]and one of its most popular and celebrated characters.[114][183]According to Tyler B. Searle of Collider, who ranked the character the second best protagonist of the Disney Renaissance, Belle is often considered to be "one of if not the best Disney princesses".[184]According to Justine McGrath ofTeen Vogue,Belle has "become one of the most popular classic Disney princesses of all time".[183]According to a 2020 poll conducted by PlayLikeMum, as reported byMarie Claire,Belle was voted the most popular Disney Princess in nine countries.[185]Commending her intelligence and humility, the character was placed at number one onE!'s ranking of the Disney Princesses,[186]whileCosmopolitanranked her fourth.[187]In the magazine's "Definitive Ranking Of Disney Princesses",Seventeenranked Belle fifth.[188]Similarly,BuzzFeedalso ranked the character fifth, praising her love of reading.[189]A reader poll conducted by BuzzFeed also determined that Belle is the most popular Disney Princess, having garnered 18% of votes.[190]A similar poll conducted byComingSoon.netalso ranked Belle as the best Disney Princess, with 17% of the vote.[191]Belle is the fifth most successful Disney Princess in terms of box office revenue, withBeauty and the Beasthaving grossed over $350 million.[192]However, Belle was the lowest-selling Disney Princess oneBayin 2013, with sales of less than $7,000 despite the fact that she is often cited as a customer favorite.[193][194]

As Disney heroines go, Belle was an iconoclast. Her strong-willed, independent personality feels invigorating in a medium where most damsels are in distress. That was definitely true 20 years ago whenBeautywas released, and it's still half-true today.

—Boxoffice Pro's Todd Gilchrist explaining the way in which Belle altered Disney heroines for the 20th and 21st centuries.[195]

Belle is considered to be one of Disney's most beloved animated heroines and princesses.[44][196][197][198][199][82]In 2023,The A.V. Clubranked Belle the 10th greatest animated Disney character of all time.[200]Chhavi Puri ofPinkvillareported that Belle "is often regarded as one of the best female Disney characters".[114]Business Insiderreaders voted Belle the 15th most iconic female film character of all time.[201]In 2016, Scott Huver ofPeoplesaid the character's "popularity remains a force to be reckoned with" over 25 years after the film's release.[41]Belle was the only animated heroine nominated for theAmerican Film Institute'sgreatest film heroesranking,[202][203]from which only eight female characters were included on the final list.[204]CNNranked Belle one of Disney's greatest heroines.[205]According to theDaily Mirror,Belle is Disney's second most iconic character, behind onlyMickeyandMinnie Mouse,describing her as a "portrait of bravery, teaching us to look beyond appearances and stand up for what we believe in".[206]Meanwhile,PopMattersranked Belle Disney's second best hero.[207]Considered to be both asex symboland fashion icon,[208]the character was ranked 64th onUGO's list of the most attractive female cartoon characters,[209]while being ranked 14th onComplex's "25 Hottest Cartoon Women of All Time".[210]E!ranked Belle the second best-dressed Disney Princess, crowning her "the mostcoutureof all the Disney princesses ".[211]Belle's golden ball gownis widely considered to be one of the most famous dresses in film history.[81][85][212][213]Belle appeared onStylist's list of the "Best beauty looks in Disney" twice, both for the character's hairstyles.[214]As of 2022,Entertainment Weeklyranked Belle's hair seventh in the magazine's "Disney Princesses: Ranking Their Hairdos – and Don'ts!"[215]Peopleranked her among "The World's Most Beautiful Cartoon Characters".[216]

Belle helped establish Woolverton as a prolific screenwriter,[64]who has since been commended for her dedication to creating strong female characters.[17]Ever since Belle, the majority of Woolverton's female characters have been headstrong, independent women, namelyNalafromThe Lion King(1994),MulanfromMulan(1998),AlicefromAlice in Wonderland(2010), andMaleficentfromMaleficent(2014).[17]Susan Wloszczyna ofIndieWirewrote that Woolverton's Belle "set a new standard for fully fleshed-out fairy-tale heroines",[22]in turn paving the way forKatniss EverdeenfromThe Hunger Gamesseries,andAnnaandElsafromFrozen(2013).[17]Woolverton remains protective of Belle,[18]explaining, "[she] was my first-born child, so there's a little bit of possessiveness, which really I had to let it go".[24][217]InBeauty and the Beast,Belle performs the film's opening number, "Belle",which was nominated for theAcademy AwardforBest Original Songat the64th Academy Awardsin 1992.[218]In 1998, O'Hara was nominated for anAnnie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Voice Acting in a Feature Productionfor reprising her role as Belle in the second ofBeauty and the Beast's three direct-to-video sequels,Belle's Magical World.[219]To commemorate her work onBeauty and the Beastand various contributions to Disney, O'Hara was honored with aDisney Legendsaward on August 19, 2011.[220]Disney hired Spanish actressPenélope Cruzto pose as Belle in photographerAnnie Leibovitz'sDisney Dream Portrait Series.[221][222]

In other media

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Anneliese van der Polas Belle in the stage musical
English actressEmma Watsonportrays Belle in the 2017 live-action film.

In 1994,Susan Eganoriginated the role of Belle onBroadwayin thestage adaptation of the film.[223]Egan's manager insisted that she audition despite the actress initially thinking staging a cartoon on Broadway "was a terrible idea".[224]She ultimately turned down callbacks forMy Fair Lady,Carousel,andGreasebecause she had always wanted to originate a Broadway role.[225]Egan had never watchedBeauty and the Beastprior to auditioning,[225]instead relying on her "creative instincts" to avoid imitating O'Hara's work.[224]Her performance received critical praise and was nominated for theTony AwardforBest Actress in a Musicalat the48th Tony Awards.[226][227]A total of 17 actresses played Belle on Broadway until the show closed in 2007, withAnneliese van der Polin the role.[228][229]Sarah Litzsingerremains Broadway's longest-running Belle,[230][231]whileChristy Carlson Romanowas the character's youngest performer, at age 19.[232][233]SingerToni Braxtonwas the only Black woman to play Belle on Broadway.[234]The ballad "A Change in Me"was written specifically for Braxton when she joined the show in 1998,[235][236]and has been retained in the musical since her departure.[237]

Emma Watsonplays Belle in the2017 live-action remake of the film.[238]Watson suggested several changes to modernize the character's personality and costumes,[239]including refusing to wear acorsetand opting forriding bootsto preserve her mobility.[240][241]In this version of the film, Belle is also an inventor like her father,[240]and uses her inventions to grant herself more time to read.[242]Her mother is revealed to have died when Belle was a baby, resulting in Mauriceoverprotectingher.[243]Critics noted Watson's performance as a standout in the remake, although reactions to her singing was mixed.[244][245]She wonMTV Movie AwardsandTeen Choice Awardsfor her performance.[246][247]In 2022,H.E.R.portrayed Belle in a musicaltelevision specialcommemorating the 30th anniversary of the animated film,[248]making her the firstAfro-Filipinoperson to play the role onscreen.[249]She also played a custom-madeelectric guitarduring the show.[250][251]

Belle was also the main character in various comic books based on the film, including one set during Belle's stay at the castle published byMarvel Comics,and a prequel set several years before the film distributed byDisney Comics.In the former, the storylines generally have the servants trying to coax Belle into doing something with the Beast, only for it to backfire and nearly ruin their friendship before they make up. In the latter serial, Belle ends up locked up in a cellar by village children after reluctantly playing pirates with them, and later nearly goes down the path leading to Beast's castle. The latter serial also implies that she holdsmisandricviews and refuses to associate herself with the village children, especially the males, due to their not being as well-versed in literature as she is.[252]

Belle and the other characters from the first film appear in the stage show,Beauty and the BeastLive on StageatDisney's Hollywood Studios,Walt Disney World.Belle also appears in a meet-and-greet attraction atMagic Kingdom'sFantasylandcalledEnchanted Tales with Belle,along with meet-and-greets in all of the other parks worldwide.

Belle, as she appears at theDisney Parks.

In 1992, Belle presented theAcademy Award for Best Animated Short Filmat the64th Academy Awards,alongside the Beast and Chip.[253][254]She has acameoin Disney's animated filmThe Hunchback of Notre Dame(1996) duringQuasimodo's performance of the song "Out There".[255]The character is briefly shown from above walking while reading a book, in a setting similar to her hometown fromBeauty and the Beast.[256]Belle appeared in the animated television seriesHouse of Mouse,and its direct-to-video filmsMickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse(2001) andMickey's House of Villains(2002).[58]The animated television seriesSofia the Firstfeatures aguest appearancefrom Belle in the 2013 episode "The Amulet and the Anthem".[257]Emilie de RavinplaysBelleon the television seriesOnce Upon a Timeas the love interest ofRumplestiltskin,the show's iteration of the Beast.[258]Keegan Connor Tracyplays the character in theDescendantsfilm series (2017–2019),[259][260]in which she is the Queen of the United States of Auradon and shares a son, Ben, with the Beast.[261]O'Hara returned to voice the character in the filmRalph Breaks the Internet(2018), in which Belle shares a scene with the other Disney Princesses.[262][263]Belle appears alongside hundreds of characters fromWalt Disney Animation Studiosin the short filmOnce Upon a Studio(2023).[61]

Belle has appeared in various video games. Belle is featured throughout theKingdom Heartsvideo game series as one of thePrincesses of Heart,seven female characters whose hearts lack any darkness or potential for corruption,[264]and thus pose a danger to the games' antagonists.[265]Belle appears as a playable character to unlock for a limited time in the video gameDisney Magic Kingdoms.[266]Analternate versionof Belle appears as a playable character in the video gameDisney Mirrorverse.[267]She is also featured as a character the player meets during their adventures in Disney Dreamlight Valley alongside Beast and Gaston. In thekart racing gameDisney Speedstorm(2023), Belle is a playable racer who can use her enchanted mirror to a variety of effects, including summoning obstacles in front of opponents.[268][269]Game Rantranked her one of the best characters in the game.[270]

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