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Berezniki(Russian:Березники́) is thesecond-largestcityinPerm Krai,Russia.The city is located on the banks of theKama River,in theUral Mountainswith a population of 135,533 as of 2023.
Berezniki
Березники | |
|---|---|
 Berezniki City Administration building and central square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Berezniki  | |
  Berezniki Location of Berezniki  Berezniki Berezniki (Perm Krai) | |
| Coordinates:59°25′N56°47′E/ 59.417°N 56.783°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Perm Krai[1] |
| Founded | 1873[2] |
| City status since | 1932[2] |
| Government | |
| • Body | City Duma[3] |
| • Head | Alexey Kazachenko |
| Elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 156,466 |
| • Rank | 112thin 2010 |
| •Subordinated to | city of krai significanceof Berezniki[1] |
| •Capitalof | city of krai significance of Berezniki[1] |
| •Urban okrug | Berezniki Urban Okrug[5] |
| •Capitalof | Berezniki Urban Okrug[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+5(MSK+2 [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 618400-618426 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3424 |
| OKTMOID | 57708000001 |
| Website | admbrk |
Etymology
editThe name Berezniki is derived from abirchforest originally situated in the city's location.
History
editThe first Russian settlements in the city appeared in the 16th - 17th century on the basis of salt mines.
It was founded in 1873.[2]City status was granted to it in 1932[2]as itsindustrywas rapidly expanding underJoseph Stalin.
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin theframework of administrative divisions,it is incorporated as thecity of krai significanceof Berezniki—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[1]As amunicipal division,the city of krai significance of Berezniki is incorporated as Berezniki Urban Okrug.[5]
Economy
editAfter thedissolution of the Soviet Unionin 1991, the city's population dropped due to increased unemployment. Nevertheless, the city was able to keep its main industries on track. Largechemical plantssuch astitaniumandsodiumfactories as well as several hugepotassium,magnesiumandpotashmines are operational in Berezniki.
The potash mine, owned byUralkali,was the basis of the fortune ofDmitry Rybolovlevwho sold his interest in 2010 toSuleyman Kerimov.Mine supports in the huge underground mine, about 1,000 feet (~300 metres) beneath the city, consist of soluble salt which is being dissolved by water flooding into the mine. The city, a former Soviet-era labor camp, was built near the work site, over the mine. Severalsinkholes,some huge, have opened within the city. The situation requires round-the-clock monitoring. The problem is believed to be limited to a small part of the mine which was not filled properly and is limited in its future impact, but the relocation of the city is under consideration.[8]The largest sinkhole, locally dubbed, "The Grandfather" by 2012, was 340 yards (~310 metres) wide, 430 yards (~390 metres) long, and 780 feet (~240 metres) deep.[8]When it opened in 2007[9]the hole was initially 80 m long, 40 m wide and 200 m deep.[10]The sinkhole was expected to expand, and destroy part of the only rail line which leads to and from thepotashmines, and, being that Berezniki produces around 10% of the world's potash, this would lead global demand towardsCanada,potentially damaging the local economy. Nobody was injured when the sinkhole appeared.
Culture
editBerezniki has a theatre and a museum of regional history.
Every year from July 17 to the 20th the town celebrates itsmosquitoes.They have music, dancing and a "most delicious girl" competition. In the competition, the girls stand for 20 minutes in their shorts and vests, and the one who receives the most bites wins.[11]
Population
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1939 | 64,609 | — |
| 1959 | 106,119 | +64.2% |
| 1979 | 185,395 | +74.7% |
| 2000 | 181,900 | −1.9% |
| 2011 | 156,500 | −14.0% |
| 2015 | 148,955 | −4.8% |
| 2021 | 137,091 | −8.0% |
| Source:1939,1959,1979,2000,2011,2015,2021 | ||
The city was in 124th place out of 1115 cities of Russia in terms of population in 2019.
According to the 2010 census,Russiansformed a majority in the city with a 90.87%, whileTatars(3.16%) were the largest minority, followed byUkrainians(0.81%),Permian Komi(0.67%) andGermans(0.51%).[12]
Transportation
editBerezniki is served by theBerezniki Airport,which mainly serves helicopters. A railway station is closed since it is located in the sinkhole area and has been damaged beyond repair. In the city, public transport service is operated withtrolleybuses.
Notable people
edit- Vasily Pavlovich Boryagin,Hero of Socialist Labor
- Dmitry Rybolovlev,Russian billionaire, controlled the leading Berezniki potash mines from 2000 — 2011
- Boris Yeltsin,Russia's first president, attendedPushkin High Schoolin Berezniki
Gallery
edit
References
edit- ^abcdeLaw #416-67
- ^abcdЭнциклопедия Города России.Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 46.ISBN5-7107-7399-9.
- ^"Website of City Duma".Archived fromthe originalon 12 November 2017.Retrieved26 August2009.
- ^Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census](in Russian).Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^abcLaw #1983-434
- ^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации(in Russian). 3 June 2011.Retrieved19 January2019.
- ^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи(Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
- ^ab"A Russian City Always on the Watch Against Being Sucked Into the Earth"article by Andrew E. Kramer inThe New York TimesApril 10, 2012
- ^"A Giant Sinkhole".English Russia.29 October 2007.
- ^"2007-11-02 - Another sinkhole threatens Russia in Berezniki, Russian Federation".Virtual Globetrotting.17 December 2007.
- ^"Russia: Mosquitoes honoured at annual festival".BBC News.14 July 2015.
- ^"Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года".permstat.gks.ru.Archived fromthe originalon 1 September 2019.
Sources
edit- Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №416-67 от 28 февраля 1996 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края», в ред. Закона №504-ПК от 9 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Пермской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Пермского края" ». Вступил в силу с момента опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №38, 12 марта 1996 г.(Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #416-67 of February 28, 1996On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai,as amended by the Law #504-PK of July 9, 2015On Amending the Law of Perm Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Perm Krai".Effective as of the moment of publication.).
- Законодательное собрание Пермской области. Закон №1983-434 от 27 декабря 2004 г. «Об утверждении границ и о наделении статусом муниципального образования "Город Березники" Пермского края», в ред. Закона №499-ПК от 16 октября 2009 г «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Пермской области и Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Звезда", №217–218, 30 декабря 2004 г.(Legislative Assembly of Perm Oblast. Law #1983-434 of December 27, 2004On Establishing the Borders and on Granting the Status to the Municipal Formation of the "City of Berezniki" of Perm Krai,as amended by the Law #499-PK of October 16, 2009On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug.Effective as of the day which is ten days following the day of the official publication.).
Further reading
edit- "A Russian City Always on the Watch Against Being Sucked Into the Earth"article by Andrew E. Kramer inThe New York TimesApril 10, 2012
External links
edit- Official website of Berezniki(in Russian)
- Berezniki Business Directory(in Russian)
- Pictures of Berezniki