Biqulzaralso spelled asBaqulzarorBequl zarwas a historical region located in easternEthiopia.[1][2][3]According toTaddesse Tamrat,the state was positioned east of theAwash Riverhowever historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east ofAmhara regionin the fourteenth century.[4][5]
Etymology
editBiqulzar originates from theHarari languagemeaning “verdure along a stream.”[6]According to British historianGeorge Huntingford,sixteenth century Adalite writerArab Faqīhin his text Conquest of Abyssinia describes Biqulzar as"a river full of water."[7]
History
editAccording to fourteenth centuryArabhistorianIbn Fadlallah al-Umari,Biqulzar was one ofIfat's ancient metropolises or regions alongsifeddeKwelgora,Hubat,Gidaya,Hargaya andFedis.[8][9][10][11][12][13]
In the fourteenth century, Ethiopian emperorAmda Seyonfought theWargarorWarjih peoplein Biqulzar.[14][15][16]According to Salvatore Tsdeschi, in 1332 Amda Seyon had summoned his vassal ruler ofIfat,Jamal ad-Din Iin Biqulzar however Manfred Kropp believes Amda Seyon met with a distinct ruler of Biqulzar.[17][18]
References
edit- ^Cerulli, Enrico (1941)."Il Sultanato Dello Scioa Nel Secolo Xiii Secondo Un Nuovo Documento Storico".Rassegna di Studi Etiopici.1(1). Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 39.JSTOR41460159.
- ^Gelgelo, Surafel.HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN(PDF).Ministry of Science and Higher education. p. 49.
- ^Feto, Jemal.A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000(PDF).Haramaya University. p. 11.
- ^Tamrat, Taddesse.Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon.Cambridge University Press. p. 513.JSTOR180118.
- ^Ahmed, Hussein (October 2021).Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction.Brill. p. 6.ISBN9789004492288.
- ^Gidaya.Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
- ^Huntingford ·, George (1989).The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704.British Academy. p. 89.ISBN978-0-19-726055-5.
- ^TUFFA, TSEGAYE.THE DYNAMICS OF TULAMA OROMO IN THE HISTORY OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE, CA. 1700-1880S(PDF).University of Toronto. p. 43.
- ^Braukamper, Ulrich (1977)."Islamic Principalities in Southeast Ethiopia Between the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Centuries (Part 1)".Ethiopianist Notes.1(1). Michigan State University Press: 23.JSTOR42731359.
- ^Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013).Islam in Ethiopia.Taylor & Francis. p. 75.ISBN9781136970221.
- ^Fauvelle, François-Xavier (22 November 2017)."The Sultanate of Awfāt, its capital and the necropolis of the Walasmaʿ".Annales Islamologiques(51). Institut français d'archéologie orientale: 239–295.doi:10.4000/anisl.4054.
- ^Hirsch, Bertrand (2020)."The account of the wars of King ʿAmda Ṣeyon against the Islamic sultanates, epic fiction of the fifteenth century".Médiévales.79(2). Presses universitaires de Vincennes: 91–116.doi:10.4000/medievales.11072.
- ^Kwelgora.Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
- ^Trimingham, J. (13 September 2013).Islam in Ethiopia.Taylor & Francis. p. 72.ISBN9781136970221.
- ^Tamrat, Taddesse.Church and state(PDF).University of London. p. 156.
- ^Pankhurst, Richard (1997).Ethiopian borderlands.Red Sea Press. p. 41.ISBN9780932415196.
- ^TEDESCHI, SALVATORE (1978)."LE GESTA DI 'AMDA-ṢEYON NELLA CRONOLOGIA E NELLA STORIA".Rassegna di Studi Etiopici.27.Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino: 144.JSTOR41299651.
- ^Jamal Ad-din Mansur.Encyclopedia Aethiopica.