Black Mirroris a Britishanthologytelevision series created byCharlie Brooker.The series explores various genres, with most episodes set in near-futuredystopiascontainingsci-fitechnology—a type ofspeculative fiction.The series is inspired byThe Twilight Zoneand uses the themes of technology and media to comment on contemporary social issues. Most episodes are written by Brooker with involvement by the executive producerAnnabel Jones.
Black Mirror | |
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Genre | |
Created by | Charlie Brooker |
Country of origin | United Kingdom |
Original language | English |
No.of series | 6 |
No.of episodes | 27 (not includingBandersnatch)(list of episodes) |
Production | |
Executive producers |
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Running time | 40–89 minutes |
Production companies |
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Original release | |
Network | Channel 4 |
Release | 4 December 2011 16 December 2014 | –
Network | Netflix |
Release | 21 October 2016 present | –
There are 27 episodes in six series and one special, in addition to theinteractive filmBlack Mirror: Bandersnatch(2018). The first two series aired on the British networkChannel 4in 2011 and 2013, as did the 2014 special "White Christmas".The programme then moved toNetflix,where four further series aired in 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2023. A seventh series is set for release in 2025. Two relatedwebisodeseries were produced by Netflix, and a companion book to the first four series,Inside Black Mirror,was published in 2018. Soundtracks to many episodes have been released as albums.
Black Mirroris considered by many reviewers to be one of the best television series of the 2010s, while some critics have found the formulaic morality themes of the series obvious or cite declining quality. The programme won thePrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Moviethree times consecutively for "San Junipero","USS Callister"andBandersnatch.Black Mirror,along withAmerican Horror StoryandInside No. 9,has been credited with reviving the anthology television format and a number of episodes have been deemed prescient by the media.
Episodes
editThe series was originally commissioned byChannel 4in the United Kingdom and premiered in December 2011. A second series ran during February 2013. In September 2015,Netflixpurchased the programme, commissioning a series of 12 episodes later divided into two series of six episodes.[1]The first six episodes were released simultaneously on Netflix worldwide as the overall third series on 21 October 2016. The fourth series of six episodes was released on 29 December 2017.[2]A fifth series consisting of three episodes was released on 5 June 2019.[3]The first four series, as well as the special "White Christmas",have been released on DVD.[4]A sixth series was commissioned in 2022 and was released on 15 June 2023.[5][6][7]A seventh series was announced in November 2023 with filming expected to start by the end of the year.[8]
Premise
editGenre and themes
editAsBlack Mirroris ananthology series,each episode is standalone and can be watched in any order.[9]The programme is an instance ofspeculative fictionwithin science fiction: the majority of episodes are set indystopiannear-futures with novel technologies that exaggerate a trait from contemporary culture, often the internet.[10][11][12]An example is "Crocodile",where the Recaller device used to view a person's memories is the main difference from the modern world.[10]Many such technologies involve altering the human body orconsciousness,with little in-universe concern for the morality of these actions.[11]They provide convenience or freedom to the user, but exacerbate problematic personality traits.[11][12]Adrian Martin ofScreenwrote that many episodes depict "basic human emotions and desires" that "intersect with, and get twisted by, a technological system that invariably spins out of control and into catastrophe".[10]Retrofuturisticdesigns highlight the theme of each episode, often showing a lack of comfort, emotional connection or personalisation;[13]the settings are generallypatriarchalandcapitalist.[14]Recurring themes throughoutBlack Mirrorincludedata privacyandsurveillance,virtual reality,individualismandconsumerism.[10][11]Many episodes haveplot twists.[15][16]
However, individual episodes explore varying genres.[10]Crime fictionepisodes include thepolice procedurals"Hated in the Nation"and"Smithereens"and theNordic noir"Crocodile".[17][18][19]Horrorandpsychological horrorare features of "Black Museum"and"Playtest",respectively.[20][21]The first episode, "The National Anthem",containsblack comedyandpolitical satire.[22][23]Some episodes employ features of lighter-hearted genres, such as romance in "San Junipero"and"Striking Vipers",romantic comedyin "Hang the DJ",orspace operain "USS Callister".[24][25][26][27]Other genres include drama ( "Fifteen Million Merits"),psychological thriller(Black Mirror: Bandersnatch),post-apocalyptic fiction( "Metalhead"), andwar film( "Men Against Fire").[10][14][28][29]
Black Mirrorcan be seen to demonstrate a negative view of unending pursuit of scientific and technological advancement.[11]The majority of episodes end unhappily.[12]However, characters who carefully consider the risks of technology with which they engage are met with happy endings, as in "San Junipero".[11]Juliana Lopes ofVia Panorâmicaargued that the dystopian settings resemble the French MarxistGuy Debord's concept of thespectacle,wherein mass media createalienationand an unattainableutopiafor individuals to pursue. For instance, in "Nosedive", the protagonist Lacie strives for a utopian life through superficiality and performativity, in a society where social media success contributes to high socioeconomic status.[12]Academics writing inQuarterly Review of Film and Videofound thatBlack Mirrorepisodes fall into a genre of "mind-game films", wherein protagonists are disoriented and narratives are non-linear or fragmented. Films in this genre includeInception(2010) andEternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind(2004), and these works often show the unreliability of the state, technology or family.[11]
Some critics believed that episodes produced under Channel 4 had a more British tone or shared aesthetic qualities not found in later series.[10][11]In contrast, Netflix episodes including "Nosedive","San Junipero "," USS Callister "and" Hang the DJ "evidence pastel aesthetics, use of 1980s or 1990s nostalgia and lighter-hearted tones than Channel 4 episodes.[11]The frequency of happy endings and positive uses of technology increase in later series.[30][31][32]With the use of awerewolfin "Mazey Day"and ademonin "Demon 79",the sixth series introducedsupernatural horrorelements toBlack Mirror,and reduced the role of technology.[33][34][35]
Connections between episodes
editLater episodes includeEaster eggallusions—small references to other instalments. For example, the fictional news channel UKN recurs between episodes, and the company Fence's Pizza appears in both "USS Callister" and "Crocodile".[36][37]A large number of Easter eggs are found in news tickers and social media feeds shown in various episodes.[38][39]The main set of the final episode of the fourth series, "Black Museum", included references to every prior episode of the series.[40]The song "Anyone Who Knows What Love Is (Will Understand)"(1964) byIrma Thomasappears in six episodes: "Fifteen Million Merits", "White Christmas", "Men Against Fire", "Crocodile", "Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too",and" Joan Is Awful ".[41][42]A symbol designed by Brooker and first used in "White Bear" is a symbol of branching paths inBandersnatchand marked on atalismanin "Demon 79", among other uses.[43][44][45]: 84
Actors rarely appear in more than one episode; those who do have unrelated roles.Aaron Paulstarred in "Beyond the Sea",a space-themed episode, after agreeing to a cameo in" USS Callister "if it did not bar him from appearing in other episodes.[46][47]Hannah John-Kamenplayed the singer Selma ( "Fifteen Million Merits" ) and the journalist Sonja ( "Playtest" );Michaela Coelwas an airline check-in worker ( "Nosedive" ) and the space crew member Shania ( "USS Callister" );Monica Dolanacted as a police officer ( "Smithereens" ) and a protagonist's mother ( "Loch Henry");Daniel Lapaineplayed the minor character Max ( "The Entire History of You") and the doctor Daniel (" Black Museum ").[48][49][50][51]
Some writers believe thatBlack Mirrorepisodes are set in a shared universe, due to the abundance of Easter eggs, or tonal and thematic connections across the programme as a whole.[11]Fans and journalists have attempted to establish concrete chronologies between episodes.[52][53]The series creatorCharlie Brooker's comments on this topic changed over time. He initially described the programme's setting as an "artistic universe" or "psychologically shared universe".[39][52]After the release of the third series, he said that a line in "Hated in the Nation" that references the central crime in "White Bear"established a" canonical "connection between them.[38]Brooker said of "Black Museum" that it "does actually now seem to imply that it is all a shared universe".[52]
However, he described the Easter eggs in 2018 as "an extra bit of texture for fans" and not a consideration that limits the design of new episodes.[53]After the sixth series, Brooker commented that the viewer could consider each episode to be a Streamberry show—the Netflix parody featured in "Joan Is Awful" whose titles reference previous instalments.[43]
Production
editConception
editThe "black mirror" of the title is the one you'll find on every wall, on every desk, in the palm of every hand: the cold, shiny screen of a TV, a monitor, a smartphone.
The series was created by Brooker, who was previously known as a comedy writer.[55]He wrote video game reviews forPC Zonein the late 1990s and began writing television reviews forThe Guardianand working in television in the 2000s.[56]Brooker had completed production ofDead Set(2008), a zombie-based drama series, and while working onNewswipe(2009–2010) and other programmes, decided to make an anthology drama series. It was modelled in the style ofThe Twilight Zone(1959–1964),Tales of the Unexpected(1979–1988) andHammer House of Horror(1980).[54][57]The title was inspired by theArcade Firesongof the same name,with Booker using it to refer to the empty screen of an electronic device once it is turned off.[58]
Brooker recognised thatRod Serlinghad basedThe Twilight Zoneon contemporary issues, often controversial ones such as racism, but placed them in fictional settings to get around television censors at the time. Brooker realised he could comment similarly on modern issues, specifically focusing on technology, a topic he explored in producing the seriesHow TV Ruined Your Life(2011). He aimed to explore "the way we might be living in 10 minutes' time".[54]
Brooker wanted to keep the anthology approach, using new stories, settings, characters, and actors for each episode, as he felt this was a key element of enjoying series likeThe Twilight Zone.This approach would allowBlack Mirrorto contrast with current dramas and serials that had a standard recurring cast.[54]According to Brooker, the production team considered giving the series a linking theme or presenter, but ultimately decided not to.[59]
Writing process
editMost episodes are credited solely to Brooker. Many originate with him talking to the executive producerAnnabel Jonesor others about a "what-if idea", and considering if it could be the consequence of some new technology.[60]Brooker said that like his previous comedy writing, the premise is a "worst case scenario compounded"; the ideas often make him laugh.[60][61]Episodes generally have only one aspect at a time that requiressuspension of disbelief,and characters' actions are designed to feel authentic even if their predicaments are unusual.[55]Brooker avoided reacting to news events or topical subjects, as there was no guarantee of their continued relevance by the release date.[62]
In the first two series, Brooker would plan less and write the script as he went along, which led to more dropped subplots and several iterations of rewriting "White Bear" in particular.[55][63]He would write with advertisement breaks in mind, as motivation to reach the next break, and so that he could insert somecliffhangerto make the audience return.[64]: 1:21:25 After the first two series, Brooker wrote a full outline preceding each first draft, finding that picturing an ending made the process easier even if the ending later changed. The outline could vary substantially in length, from two to twenty-five pages.[64]: 13:00
"San Junipero" was the first episode written for Netflix and came from a conscious decision to experiment with the tone of aBlack Mirrorepisode. Following this, episodes became more tonally diverse.[62]Brooker would send a brieftreatmentto Netflix and receive feedback before beginning the first draft.[62]He wrote some material while standing up, as the slight discomfort discouraged time-wasting; he said that the first draft, the "vomit draft", was always terrible, but had to be written.[65]He tried to picture the finished episode while writing and sometimes ran while listening to music as a source of inspiration. Brooker said that emotional speeches were easier to write, while sequences with many parts were harder.[66]Feedback came from Jones and a director or cast member could have a large influence on the script.[62]Additionally, Brooker and Jones were involved in all aspects of production process, observing the filming and participating in the editing room where possible.[66][45]: 308 They pointed out logical inconsistencies and worked on the details of technologicaluser interfaces.[67]Brooker said that the final edit could allow aspects that were not working to be fixed, or for introduction of overlooked ideas.[55]
The episode "The Entire History of You" was written byJesse Armstrong.[45]: 50 William Bridges is co-credited on both "Shut Up and Dance"and" USS Callister "and Brooker's wifeKonnie Huqreceived a co-credit on "Fifteen Million Merits".[45]: 31, 161, 225 For these episodes, Brooker did not write in the same room as his colleagues. One person would write the first draft and they would then iterate between feedback and re-writing.[64]: 1:13:30 On "Nosedive",Michael Schurwrote the first half of the script andRashida Joneswrote the second half, based on ideas and a story outline from Brooker.[68]"Demon 79" was co-written by Brooker andBisha K. Ali.[69]
Series 1
editThe series's inception was in 2010. Brooker and Jones had begun to work together onCharlie Brooker's Screenwipe,a television review programme which aired from 2006 to 2008. The first pitch forBlack Mirror,to the head of comedy at Channel 4, was for eight half-hour episodes by different authors. Technology was a lesser focus, and the worlds were larger and more detailed, which Jones said was not possible to execute properly in the short runtime. The series was then commissioned for three hour-long episodes. The first script was "Fifteen Million Merits".[45]: 6–13 The second was "Inbound", an episode that was never produced: it was a science fiction adaptation of what was revealed at the end to be a true story about a boy in theIraq War.[64]: 1:01:00 Concepts from it were later repurposed for "Men Against Fire". The following script pitched became "The National Anthem", the first episode to air. The third episode is "The Entire History of You".[45]: 6–13
The programme was produced by Brooker's production company Zeppotron, for the Dutch media companyEndemol.Joel Collins served as production designer, with his company Painting Practice working on visual effects. In the early stages ofBlack Mirror,Jones was keen to avoid casting comedy actors, as Brooker was previously a comedy writer, and they wanted to distance the series from the genre.[45]: 16, 18 The production occurred concurrent to that ofA Touch of Cloth,a satirical police procedural series that Brooker wrote for.[64]: 0:23:00 The series aired weekly from 4 December 2011. "The National Anthem" featuresRory Kinnearas a British prime minister who must have sex with a pig for a kidnapped Princess to be released. In "Fifteen Million Merits",Daniel Kaluuyaplays Bing andJessica Brown Findlayplays Abi, two characters in a society where most people must cycle each day to earn currency. "The Entire History of You" follows the married couple Liam and Ffion, played byToby KebbellandJodie Whittaker,respectively, as Liam becomes suspicious of Ffion's relationship to a friend.[54]
Series 2
editThe first series was expensive for Channel 4, as the anthology format meant there were noeconomies of scale,butBlack Mirrorwas commissioned for a second series of three episodes. Brooker described it as "more epic in scale, but more intimate in scope": the episodes have more understated technologies. Brooker commented that the second series mirrors the first: the former has topics of (in order) "warped political satire", "dystopianhellscape",and" relationship torn apart by technology ", while the latter presents episodes of these forms in reverse. Each episode in the first series had a male protagonist, so Brooker deliberately wrote female protagonists for the first two episodes,"Be Right Back"and" White Bear ".[45]: 59–64
A trailer for the second series was made byMoving Picture Companyand featured a dream sequence, a factory and a large dust cloud, but no extracts of series two episodes.[70]The series aired weekly from 11 February 2013. "Be Right Back" follows Martha (Hayley Atwell) turning to artificial intelligence for emotional support while grieving over the death of her partner Ash (Domhnall Gleeson).Lenora Crichlowstars as Victoria Skillane, a woman in an apocalypse who has lost her memory, in "White Bear". "The Waldo Moment"is a political satire starringDaniel Rigbyas Jamie Salter, a man who contests a by-election as an animated bear.Black Mirrorwas first made available in the US from November 2013 viaDirecTV,where episodes aired onAudienceand were available online.[71]
"White Christmas"
editAccording to Brooker, the series was still taking its budget from the comedy department of Channel 4, and there was discussion of whether it should fall under the drama department instead. Shane Allen, head of comedy for Channel 4 at the time, stated in 2018 that someone had been taken aback by the budget forBlack Mirror,which was well above the standard for a comedy. The new head of comedy did not have an existing relationship with Brooker and Jones.[45]: 101–103
Brooker reported in 2018 that Channel 4 agreed on a third series of four episodes, but requested detailed synopses of the episodes in advance. Brooker came up with an episode "Angel of the Morning", which would later become a story in "White Christmas". He also conceived of an episode based on the earlier script "Inbound" which would have been similar to the later "Men Against Fire". Another episode was named "Crocodile", which overlapped in parts with the series four episode of the same name. After a lengthy wait, Brooker and Jones were told that the ideas "weren't veryBlack Mirror".Though Channel 4 may have suggested making a one-off special, Jones said that she felt a lack of clarity from them.[45]: 101–103
Jones and Brooker worked on other projects for the next year, such asA Touch of Cloth.[45]: 101–105 They set up House of Tomorrow, a division of Endemol under which laterBlack Mirrorcontent would be produced.[72]After bumping into a Channel 4 staff member, Brooker emailed the channel to ask how to continue withBlack Mirror.Channel 4 had the budget for an hour-long Christmas special, but Jones and Brooker pushed for a 90-minute episode. "White Christmas" was a portmanteau of three stories, inspired by works such as the 1983 science fiction filmTwilight Zone: The Movie.It starredJon Hammas Matt andRafe Spallas Joe throughout. Actors in the individual stories include:Rasmus Hardikeras Harry,Natalia Tenaas Jennifer,Oona Chaplinas Greta,Janet Montgomeryas Beth, and Ken Drury as Beth's father. The episode aired on 16 December 2014.[45]: 101–105
Move to Netflix
editOn the day of the press screening for "White Christmas", Brooker and Jones had a meeting with Channel 4 executives, who told them that they wanted to continue the series but due to budget constraints, it would need to be a co-production. The pair had travelled to Los Angeles a few months prior to try to secure co-production funding but were unsuccessful. The channel also suggested that Brooker could write an episode ofElectric Dreams(2017–2018), an adaptation of short stories byPhilip K. Dick.[45]: 123–124 They also considered a five-episode series with an overarching storyline, at the suggestion of a US network, nicknaming the planGame of Drones.[56]
On 1 December 2014, the first two series of the programme were released on Netflix in the United States after they bought exclusive streaming rights, leading to increased audience attention for the programme.[56][73]In a bidding war between channels, which included the American companiesAMC,SyfyandHBO,Netflix led with a commitment of two series of ten episodes each.[56][45]: 125–126 Brooker and Jones reported in 2018 that although they and Netflix were both keen to have Channel 4 as equal partners, Channel 4 were evasive. They eventually got a meeting without discussion of a co-production with Netflix, where the channel suggested a renewal for three episodes. The channel later offered six episodes if full treatments could be given in advance, but Brooker and Jones were concerned due to past rejection of ideas. They had a limited time to reply to US offers and chose to make a deal with Netflix.[45]: 125–126
In September 2015, Netflix commissioned 12 episodes ofBlack Mirror.[74]By this point, the series was available in around 80 territories.[56]In March 2016, it outbid Channel 4 for the rights to distributing the third series in the UK, with a bid ofUS$40 million.[75]Endemol released a statement saying that Channel 4 had "had the opportunity to recommission [Black Mirror] since 2013 and passed on this and subsequent co-production offers put to them. [...] Further efforts were made to try to reach a settlement regarding a UK window for Channel 4, but these were also sadly to no avail ". In a press release, Channel 4 stated that they" offered to recommissionBlack Mirror".This marked the first time that an online streaming service had gained the rights to a series when the original network had wished to renew it.[76]
Series 3
editIn developing the third series's stories, Brooker had looked at previous episodes and recognised that all of the stories were about characters becoming trapped in a situation from which they could not escape. With the third series, Brooker wanted to explore different formats, adding more conventional stories like a romance and a police procedural.[77]The producer Lucy Dyke commented that Netflix expected the series to become "bigger and better" and "more international", while production designer Joel Collins said that Netflix was happy to support ideas on the same scale or on a larger scale than previous episodes. The first episode that Brooker wrote for the series was "San Junipero", and it was an intentional departure from previous episodes as well as a "deliberate raspberry-blow" at fans who were concerned at the series's potential Americanisation.[45]: 126–127
The titles of the six episodes that make up series three were announced in July 2016, along with the release date.[78]A trailer was released in October 2016.[79]The series was released on Netflix worldwide on 21 October 2016.[80]"Nosedive" is an episode starringBryce Dallas Howardas Lacie, a woman pursuing social media popularity in a world where individuals assign ratings to every interaction with each other. "Playtest" is a horror story starringWyatt Russellas Cooper, aplaytesterfor a new virtual reality game. "Shut Up and Dance" is about a teenager blackmailed anonymously over the internet, starringAlex Lawtheras Kenny andJerome Flynnas Hector, and written by Brooker and William Bridges. "San Junipero" is a science fiction love story starringGugu Mbatha-Rawas Kelly andMackenzie Davisas Yorkie. "Men Against Fire" is a war story starringMalachi Kirbyas Stripe. "Hated in the Nation" is a police procedural, withKelly Macdonaldas Karin Parke andFaye Marsayas Blue Coulson exploring the role of robot bees in a series of deaths.[45]: 129–219
Series 4
editBrooker said that the fourth series of six episodes has more variety than the third.[81]He began writing in July 2016 and continued throughout the2016 United States presidential election;he toldDigital Spythat he did not know what demand there would be for "nothing but bleak nihilism" and thus included "more hope" than in previous series.[82]The first episode made was "Arkangel",which was filmed in Canada in November 2016.[45]: 221 [83]The Netflix budget allowed them to set and film "Crocodile" in Iceland and make the special effects-intensive episode "Metalhead".[45]: 221 Filming concluded in June 2017.[84]
In May 2017, aRedditpost unofficially announced the names and directors of the six episodes in series 4 ofBlack Mirror.[85]The first trailer debuted on 25 August 2017 and two promotional photos were released in September.[86][87]Beginning on 24 November, Netflix published a series of posters and trailers for each episode in the fourth series of the programme, referred to as the "13 Days ofBlack Mirror",concluding on 6 December with the announcement of the release date, 29 December 2017.[88][89]
"USS Callister" is a space epic based around a video game company, starringJesse PlemonsasCTORobert Daly andCristin Miliotias the new programmer Nanette Cole. "Arkangel" is an episode about a mother implanting an invasive technology in her daughter, starringRosemarie DeWittas Marie andBrenna Hardingas Sara, and directed byJodie Foster."Crocodile" is about the consequences of ahit-and-run,starringAndrea Riseboroughas Mia. "Hang the DJ"is a love story between Amy, played byGeorgina Campbell,and Frank, played byJoe Cole,centred around an artificial intelligence that selects people's partners for them. "Metalhead" is a black-and-white apocalypse episode starringMaxine Peakeas Bella, a woman trying to escape a robotic "dog", and directed byDavid Slade."Black Museum" is an anthology of three stories, one of which was written by the magicianPenn Jillette.Focused around a crime museum, the episode starsDouglas Hodgeas Rolo Haynes andLetitia Wrightas Nish.[45]: 225–309
According toEngadgetandGizmodo,as a means ofviral marketingNetflix sent private messages to users of the Turkish websiteEkşi Sözlük.The messages were sent from the account "iamwaldo" and read, "We know what you're up to. Watch and see what we will do." Although the advertising was met with positive reception from some users, others were concerned by distress that the messages may have caused.[90][91]
Bandersnatch
editAfter much media speculation sparked by social media reports of filming, a quickly-deleted Twitter announcement by Netflix and foreign film board certifications, Netflix announced on 27 December 2018 that the filmBlack Mirror: Bandersnatchwould be released the following day.[92][93][94][95]Set in 1984, the film follows Stefan, portrayed byFionn Whitehead,a young programmer who begins to question reality and experience deteriorating mental health as he adapts a sprawling fantasy novel into a video game.[96][97]Bandersnatchis aninteractive film,regularly prompting the viewer to select one of two choices on screen that affect how the storyline continues; there are over one trillion potential paths to view the work and five distinct endings. Other main cast includeWill Poulter,Craig Parkinson,Alice Lowe,andAsim Chaudhry.[98]
Series 5
editNetflix announced the fifth series on 5 March 2018.[99][100]The complexity ofBandersnatch,which was originally part of the fifth series, delayed production, although Netflix still committed to its release in 2019.[101][102]The first episode, "Striking Vipers", had been filmed prior toBandersnatch.[103]On 15 May 2019, a trailer for the fifth series was released, indicating it would comprise three episodes.[3]
On 5 June 2019, the series was released. "Striking Vipers" sees Danny (Anthony Mackie) and Karl (Yahya Abdul-Mateen II) exploring a virtual relationship despite Danny's marriage to Theo (Nicole Beharie). "Smithereens" followsAndrew Scottas Chris through his kidnapping of a social media company intern. "Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too" stars the two titular sisters (Angourie RiceandMadison Davenport) co-operating with a doll cloned from the pop star Ashley O (Miley Cyrus).[103]
Series 6
editAround January 2020, Brooker and Jones announced their departure from House of Tomorrow.Varietyreported that intellectual property issues were at the centre of this change, with the series's rights held by Endemol.[72]By February 2020, Brooker and Jones had established Broke and Bones, a new production company.[104]Netflix had arranged a long-term contract for series and other production rights with the Broke and Bones company by July 2020, although rights forBlack Mirrorstill remained with Endemol. According toVariety,this left Brooker and Jones unable to produce additional series unless new agreements were put in place.[105]In a May 2020 interview withRadio Times,Brooker questioned whether the public mood would suit a sixth series ofBlack Mirrorand said that he had been working on more comedic projects.[106]A sixth series was announced by Netflix in May 2022, to consist of more than three episodes. The series was produced by Broke and Bones, rather than House of Tomorrow. However, House of Tomorrow's new ownersBanijayretained ownership of the programme.[107]
Brooker started writing the sixth series with the idea to "refresh" or "reset" whatBlack Mirrorwas about. He stated that many new dystopian sci-fi programmes had emerged since its 2011 debut, and he now wished to focus on horror and settings in the past.[108]He said thatBlack Mirrorshould continually reinvent itself and display standalone stories; he began the series by "deliberately upending" his "core assumptions" about the programme. Some episodes contain elements he had "previously sworn blind" he would avoid.[5][6]The idea was to preventBlack Mirrorbeing "the show about consciousness being uploaded into a little disc". He began with "Demon 79", a horror story set in the past without technology as a theme.[109][108]
Filming took place in mid-2022.[110]The first teaser trailer was released on 26 April 2023, announcing a June release date;[5][6]the five episode titles followed in May.[111]The series was released on 15 June 2023.[112]"Joan Is Awful"followsAnnie Murphy's character Joan as a Streamberry programme is made about her life usingcomputer-generated imagery(CGI); "Loch Henry" explorestrue crime,as Samuel Blenkin's Davis and Myha'la Herrold's Pia make a documentary about aserial killerin Scotland.[34]Set in 1969, "Beyond the Sea" is about the isolation of the astronauts Cliff (Aaron Paul) and David (Josh Hartnett), despite their ability to inhabit artificial replicas on Earth.[113]"Mazey Day" follows a paparazza (Zazie Beetz) in 2006; the title character Mazey (Clara Rugaard) transforms into a werewolf.[33]"Demon 79" sees Nida (Anjana Vasan) unleashing a demon, Gaap (Paapa Essiedu), who encourages her to kill three humans.[34]
Series 7
editA seventh series was announced in November 2023. In March 2024, it was announced that one of its six episodes would be a sequel to "USS Callister" —marking the firstBlack Mirrorstory to receive a continuation.[114][115]Immediately following its release in 2017, the directorToby Hayneshad expressed interest in a television series spin-off and Brooker and Jones did not rule out a sequel.[116][117]On 19 September 2024,Awkwafina,Issa Rae,Paul Giamatti,Billy MagnussenandTracee Ellis Rosswere announced to have joined the cast of Series 7.[118]
Suggested spin-offs
editSeveral sequel episodes or spin-offs have been suggested. In 2013,Robert Downey Jr.optionedthe episode "The Entire History of You" to potentially be made into a film byWarner Bros.and his production companyTeam Downey;in 2018, the episode's writer Jesse Armstrong said that the project was in "development hell".[119][120][121]In 2016, Brooker said that he had ideas for sequels to both "White Bear" and "Be Right Back" that were unlikely to be made.[122]He said in 2017 that there were no plans for a sequel episode to "San Junipero".[123]Brooker has suggested that some characters in "Hated in the Nation" could potentially recur, as could Colin Ritman (Will Poulter), aBandersnatchcharacter with awareness of alternate timelines and realities.[122][124]Additionally, the sixth series episode "Demon 79" is introduced as aRed Mirrorfilm; Brooker said that, if successful, there could be further episodes under this label.[108]
Reception
editAt some periods of timeBlack Mirrorhas been one of the most-watched programmes worldwide. According to Víctor Cerdán Martínez ofVivat Academiain 2018,Black Mirrorwas one of China's five most-watched Western television series.[125]In 2023, Netflix reported that viewing of the sixth series totalled 60million hours in the week of its release.[126]Nielsen Media Researchreported it as the most-viewed programme on streaming platforms in the United States that week.[127]
Critical response
editSeason | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic |
---|---|---|
1 | 98% (69 reviews) | 89 (4 reviews) |
2 | 87% (59 reviews) | — |
3 | 86% (205 reviews) | 82 (23 reviews) |
4 | 85% (268 reviews) | 72 (27 reviews) |
5 | 66% (151 reviews) | 66 (13 reviews) |
6 | 78% (130 reviews) | 68 (25 reviews) |
Black Mirrorhas been met with critical acclaim.[12]OnRotten Tomatoes,the six series received ratings of 98%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 68% and 78%. "White Christmas" received an 89% rating andBandersnatchreceived a 73% rating.Metacritic,assigning scores from series three onwards, gave ratings of 82, 72, 65 and 68.Bandersnatchholds a 61 rating on Metacritic.[128]
Series one garnered praise. David Sims ofThe A.V. Clubgave the first episode— "The National Anthem" —an A rating, viewing each character decision and plot revelation as natural.[129]Jim Goodwin ofBleeding Coolcomplimented the acting.[130]Also, the episode received 145 complaints to the television regulatory bodyOfcom,the eighth-largest figure for the year.[131]Reviewing "Fifteen Million Merits", Ryan Lambie ofDen of Geekextolled the romance between Bing and Abi, as well as the production quality, music and acting.[28]Sam Richards ofThe Telegraphrated it four stars, praising the "acerbic humour".[132]Critical reaction to "The Entire History of You" was more mixed. Sims believed that Liam's actions escalated too quickly, but found the central premise of memory recording plausible.[133]Richards thought that the memory technology was not necessary to the story, butJames HibberdofEntertainment Weeklysaid that the episode's execution was "sophisticated and flawless".[134][135]
The series two opener, "Be Right Back", received critical acclaim. Morgan Jeffery ofDigital Spyrated it four stars, praising the characters and emotionality, but criticising the ending.[136]Flickering Myth's Luke Owen lauded the acting of Hayley Atwell as Martha and Domhnall Gleeson as Ash, as well as the directing.[137]"White Bear" was well-received, with Simon Cocks ofScreen Anarchyand Sims praising the plot twist andTuppence Middleton's role as Jem.[138][139]However, Lambie criticised the passiveness of the main character, Victoria.[140]"The Waldo Moment" was considered the worstBlack Mirrorepisode of the series by a number of reviewers, and criticised for poor writing and characterisation.[141][142][143]"White Christmas" garnered positive reception, including praise of the acting and the connections between narrative threads byThe A.V. Club's Zack Handlen andThe Independent's Ellen Jones.[144][145]
The third series received positive reception. Benjamin Lee ofThe GuardianandEmily St. JamesofVoxrated it four stars.[146][147]Writing inVulture,Jen Chaney analysed that it had an increased variety in setting and tone, as well as longer episodes. Chaney found that four episodes are "very good to great", while the other two are "merely decent".[148]Lee praised "Nosedive" and "San Junipero" for their cinematography, acting, increased budget and narrative ambition.[146]Richard Lawson ofVanity Fairreviewed the episodes as "all engrossing in their way", but thought "Men Against Fire" had the weakest premise and production quality.[149]St. James wrote that the series was, as with previous series, equal parts "brilliant,... pretty good, and... kinda stupid ", praising" San Junipero "but finding that other episodes should have been shorter and were" constrained "in their shared social media theme.[147]
The production and acting in series four were praised, as were some episodes. Writing inVariety,Sonia Saraiya commented that four of the six episodes explore human consciousness inside technology. She viewed "Black Museum" as a demonstration of the series's flaws, with its artificial consciousness technologies, use of violence and storylines that require characters to "be stupid and/or evil". However, Saraiya said that the production and acting was "beautiful" and praised "USS Callister" and "Metalhead" for diverging fromBlack Mirror's "typical austere futurism".[150]Sophie Gilbert ofThe Atlanticidentified the same theme and praised "USS Callister" and "Hang the DJ", but saw the writing as the biggest weakness of the series.[151]Similarly,The Sydney Morning Herald's Brad Newsome praised the series's casting, and highlighted "USS Callister" as well-directed and well-acted.[152]
Reception toBandersnatchand series five was more ambivalent. Linda Holmes ofNPRpraisedBandersnatch's technical design but criticised the narrative and the repetition of scenes. Holmes said that the audience are not given a reason to care about the main character, Stefan.[153]InThe Guardian,Lucy Mangan rated the fifth series four stars, finding that the episodes are disparate in content but share "a new air of calm authority" that could reflect "an increasing confidence" of the producers.[154]Lucy Pavia of theEvening Standardsaid that the episodes "still pack a punch", with "Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too" as the highlight.[155]However, Hugh Montgomery of theBBCsaid that the programme's "variable quality is more starkly evident than ever" with "one good episode to two middling-to-bad ones". Montgomery praised "Striking Vipers" as "among the finest and most soulful" episodes.[156]Additionally,Vulture's Kathryn VanArendonk reviewed that though they are well-produced and well-acted, the instalments lack suitable premises.[157]
The sixth series received mixed reactions, including for its historical settings and supernatural elements.Time's Judy Berman saw mixed success in the series's experimentation, but improvement over the fifth series.[158]The Guardian's Stuart Heritage lauded the humour of "Joan Is Awful", the "successful experiment" of "Demon 79" and the social commentary of "Loch Henry".[35]However, Leila Jordan ofPastecriticised that it lacked "visions for the future".[34]Vanity Fair's Richard Lawson saw it as "hurried and undercooked", repeating ideas from earlier series and lacking timely messages.[159]
Criticism ofBlack Mirrorhas depicted the show as self-righteous, with obvious morals in its stories, and excessively focused on paranoia and pessimism.[10][160][161][162]Norman WilnerofNowdescribed the first three series are "rigidly formulaic" in its presentation of a worst-case scenario and a "sardonic twist", with "San Junipero" as the exception.[163]Chris Taylor argued forMashablethat the show should be viewed more as satire than prophecy, as it employs "nightmare logic" and concepts that require suspension of disbelief.[164]In a satirical article forThe Toast,Daniel M. Laveryused the phrase "what if phones, but too much" to describe a parody episode plot. Some reviewers found thatBlack Mirrordecreased in quality over time.[160]Vulturesaid the show has had some "fantastically great" episodes but devolved with many "terrible" ones.[165]Rolling Stonefound the series's move to Netflix brought mixed results, with lessening impact from its overuse ofsimulated realityand transfer of consciousness.[166]LaToya Ferguson wrote inPastethat later series saw a "creative downfall" and increasing Americanisation, with their lengthier episodes, higher-profile actors and more "polished" style not compensating for a decline in quality.[167]
Critics' rankings
editA number of publications namedBlack Mirroron their lists of the best television programmes of the 2010s:
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Den of Geekincluded it as one of the 13 "Best Sci-Fi, Fantasy, and Horror Shows of the 2010s" and thoughVanity Fairdid not include it in their top 10, it listed the episode "White Bear" as one of 15 "honourable mentions".[176][177]At the end of 2019 and 2020, a number of publications also created lists of the best television shows of the 21st century to date: readers ofDigital Spyvoted thatBlack Mirrorwas 13th-best,The Guardianincluded it in 23rd place andDeadline Hollywoodreported that it was one of the 21 "most influential" programmes.[178][179][180]In December 2023,VarietyrankedBlack Mirror95th in its list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all time.[181]
Accolades
editIn November 2012,Black MirrorwonBest TV Movie/Miniseriesat theInternational Emmy Awards.[182]Bryce Dallas Howard received aScreen Actors Guild Awardnomination for her performance in the episode "Nosedive".[183]At the69th Primetime Emmy Awards,Black Mirrorreceived three nominations with two wins, includingOutstanding Television Moviefor "San Junipero".[184]"USS Callister" received three Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Television Movie, and four Emmy nominations in 2018.[185][186]Bandersnatchwon two Emmys in 2019, including Outstanding Television Movie, making it the third consecutive win forBlack Mirrorin that category.[187][188]
Cultural impact
editIn fiction
editAlong withAmerican Horror Story(2011–),Black Mirrorhas been credited with repopularising the anthology format, which was rarely used in the 1990s and 2000s.[189][190][191]This success has been attributed to changing profit incentives from increasedstreaming televisionconsumption.[192][193]A2019 rebootofThe Twilight Zone,the primary show to inspireBlack Mirror,can be seen as an example of this.[194][195][196]It was described by the creatorJordan Peeleas broader thanBlack Mirrorin that its themes do not have to be technological, and Sophie Gilbert ofThe Atlanticsuggested that it may have avoided darker themes or explorations into human nature to avoid overlap.[197][198]Other anthology series that were part of this phenomenon includeRoom 104(2017–2020) andSolos(2021).[199][200]Additionally, Adam White ofThe Independentstated thatBlack Mirrorand Brooker's other works spawned an era of horror and fantasy that explores modern technology.[194]Science-fiction television that critics have compared toBlack MirrorincludesHumans(2015–2018) andUpload(2020–).[201][202]
The anthologyElectric Dreamswas widely compared toBlack Mirror.[194]Reviewers foundElectric Dreamsto be less violent and more understated thanBlack Mirror,but contain some similar plots. For instance, the episode "Real Life" is a story about virtual reality.[189][203]The settings are further in the future and more allegorical.[203]Another example isInside No. 9(2014–), a British anthology series that critics saw as more comedic thanBlack Mirror,and known for intricate plot twists.[204][205]The creatorsReece ShearsmithandSteve Pembertonhave a larger role in the show than Brooker does inBlack Mirror,as they star in most episodes and direct some in addition to writing them.[206]The serialised British dystopiaYears and Years(2019) follows a family from 2019 to 2034, and drew many comparisons toBlack Mirrorin themes and its near-future technology.[194][207]The Verge'sLiz Shannon Miller called it "Black Mirror,but with a full and beating heart ".[208]Simon Cellan Jones,who directed the first four of six episodes, saw it as less dystopian thanBlack Mirror,and with less emphasis on technology.[209]The science fiction filmFriend of the World(2020) was arranged like aBlack Mirrorepisode. The creatorBrian Patrick Butlersaid he wanted a sequence of stories with escalating tension, to create a "creepy and thought-provoking experience".[210]
There was critical consensus that the anthology seriesSoulmates(2020–) is inferior toBlack Mirrordue to its overly ambitious nature and repetitiveness.[211][212]Its central conceit—that a company can determine its customers' perfect partner—is similar to the series four episode "Hang the DJ".Soulmateswas created by William Bridges, a writer for twoBlack Mirrorepisodes, and Georgina Campbell—who has a starring role in "Hang the DJ" —is a main character in one episode.[213]The One,a science-fiction programme with the same premise, was also seen as lesser thanBlack Mirrorby critics, who cited its poor dialogue, storylines and pacing.[214][215]The romantic comedyMade for Love(2021) stars Cristin Milioti of series four episode "USS Callister" and its technological premise of a woman whose ex-husband implanted a monitoring device in her body was compared toBlack Mirror.[216][217]Milioti saw both stories as about "a woman trying to find herself".[218]
Comparisons to reality
editBrooker has often been described by commentators as prescient in his scripts forBlack Mirror.[194]In 2015, G. Clay Whitaker ofThe Daily Beastcalled the show aMagic 8 Ball.[219]The first episode, "The National Anthem", features the UK prime minister blackmailed into having sexual intercourse with a pig. Four years later, theDaily Mailpublishedallegationsthat the then-prime ministerDavid Cameronhad placed a "private part of his anatomy" into the mouth of a dead pig as an initiation rite at university.[220][221]Brooker later said that after hearing the news, he "did genuinely for a moment wonder if reality was a simulation, whether it exists only to trick me".[220]In "The Waldo Moment", a 2013 episode, the animated cartoon Waldo places second in a UK by-election. The 2017–2021 USpresidency of the media personality Donald Trumpand the Ukrainian presidency of the comedianVolodymyr Zelenskyyfrom 2019 onwards were compared by journalists to the platform of Waldo.[222][223][224]Brooker described Trump as "an anti-politics candidate who's raucous and defensive" and "offers nothing", like Waldo.[225]Adrian Karatnycky ofPoliticostated that as with Waldo, Zelenskyy had few clear policy positions prior to his election.[226]
The 2016 episode "Nosedive" presents a society in which citizens rate interactions with each other from one to five stars and receive an overall rating that largely determines theirsocioeconomic status.This has been compared to China'sSocial Credit System,where local governments collect data on citizens to assign them an overall score.[227]Example data points include publicly criticising the government, defaulting on a loan or having high-rated friends.[228][229]Like the system in "Nosedive", a low score can limit a person's access to transport.[230][231]"Be Right Back" shows anartificial intelligencetechnology designed to mimic a deceased loved one.Chatbotswith similar functionality and personalisation have been compared to this premise, as has a 2022 announcement that a futureAmazon Alexafeature will imitate voices of dead loved ones.[232]"Shut Up and Dance" is about a man who is blackmailed after footage of him masturbating is recorded through hiswebcam.Computer virusescan allow for covert recording through an unsuspecting person's webcam, and similar real-life blackmail has been reported.[227]
More minor facets of episodes have also been seen as prescient. Ten days after "Crocodile" depicted a self-driving pizza delivery van,ToyotaandPizza Hutpresented plans for a driverless pizza delivery vehicle at the 2018Consumer Electronics Show.[233][234]"Fifteen Million Merits" features a talent show with a virtual animated audience based onBritain's Got Talent.In 2020, due to theCOVID-19 pandemic,Britain's Got Talenthad a virtual audience, which had an aesthetic resembling that of "Fifteen Million Merits".[235][236]Other real-life technologies have been described as progress towards those seen inBlack Mirror,such as themotion captureanimation of Waldo in "The Waldo Moment", theaugmented realitymilitary system from "Men Against Fire" and the artificial bees in "Hated in the Nation".[221][227]
Spin-off media
editA number ofBlack Mirrortie-in products have been released. ANosediveboard gamebased on the episode of the same name was produced byAsmodee.Released on 25 November 2018, the game requires between three and six players and is designed to last for roughly 45 minutes.[237]The fictional gameNohzdyve,which is featured inBandersnatchand named after the episode "Nosedive", was created by Netflix for aZX Spectrumemulator and released on aBandersnatchtie-in website.[238]A 2017 museum exhibit at theBarbican Centre,entitledInto the Unknown: A Journey Through Science Fiction,included an installation based on "Fifteen Million Merits".[239]A number of mock "Tucker's Newsagent and Games" storefronts, designed after the fictionalBandersnatchshop of the same name, were erected in Birmingham and London shortly after the film's release in 2018.[240][241]
Soundtracks
editSoundtracks to 12 of the 23 instalments have been released on online streaming services: "Be Right Back", "White Bear", "White Christmas", "Nosedive", "San Junipero", "Men Against Fire", "Hated in the Nation", "USS Callister", "Arkangel", "Hang the DJ", "Black Museum" and "Smithereens".[242]Brooker also released a 42-trackSpotifyplaylist of songs that were either featured in "San Junipero" or planned for inclusion at some stage.[243]The "Hang the DJ" soundtrack, credited toAlex Somersand featuringSigur Rós,was additionally released onvinyl.[244]The song "On a Roll"from" Rachel, Jack and Ashley Too "is based on theNine Inch Nailssong "Head Like a Hole".It was released by the performer, Miley Cyrus, under her character's name Ashley O and went on to chart in multiple countries. The B-side" Right Where I Belong "was another Nine Inch Nails adaptation featured in the episode.[245][246]
Webisodes
editExternal videos | |
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Czarne Lusterko | |
1% | |
69.90 | |
The Breakup | |
The Sum of Happiness |
A series of webisodes, titledLittle Black Mirror(Polish:Czarne Lusterko), was produced for Netflix Polska by Jacek Ambrosiewicz, in collaboration with PolishYouTubers.Released on 19 January 2018, the four shorts vary between eight and twenty-one minutes in length.69.90explores "loneliness and gaming", according to the creators Huyen Pham and Marcin Nguyen; they discussed 20 different ideas before deciding on a computer simulation which is indistinguishable from real life.The BreakupfeaturesKrzysztof Gonciarzand Kasia Mecinski: it used realism and ordinary technology, such as aPanasonic Lumix DC-GH5that emulatesvlogaesthetics.The Sum of Happinesswas posted on Martin Stankiewicz's YouTube channel and focuses on a neurological implant and a relationship app, previously exploredBlack Mirrortopics.1%,filmed by Groupa Filmowa Darwin, and is about a violent piece ofobstetricstechnology.[247]
External videos | |
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Stories From Our Future | |
Cure for Loneliness | |
Getting to Know You | |
The Healthy Alternative |
A second series of webisodes, initially announced asLittle Black Mirrorbut eventually renamedStories From Our Future,was directed for Netflix América Latina by American YouTuberRudy Mancuso.[248][249]Initially planned for release on Netflix América Latina's YouTube channel, as part of promotion for the programme's fifth series, the original trailer for the project was removed by Netflix. The shorts were released on 10 June 2019 on YouTube channels of those involved.[250]Cure for Lonelinesswas released on Mancuso's channel;Getting to Know Youwas released onLele Pons' channel;The Healthy Alternativewas released onJuanpa Zurita's channel.[251]Also featured in the series is Australian actorMaia Mitchell.[250]
Literature
editIn June 2018, the oral history companion bookInside Black Mirrorwas announced. Brooker, Jones andJason Arnoppare the credited writers. The book features sections on the 19 episodes in the first four series, each consisting of conversational interviews from cast and crew along with stills and behind-the-scenes images.[252][45]The book was released in the UK on 1 November 2018 and in the US on 20 November 2018 fromPenguin Random House.[253][254]Starburstrated the book ten out of ten stars, praising its "wonderfully-comprehensive format" and summarising it as "blunt, brittle, often killingly funny and lavishly-illustrated".[255]
In June 2017, Brooker announced a series of prose stories based onBlack Mirror.The first volume was to be published on 20 February 2018 and scheduled to be edited by Brooker; two further volumes were planned for later in 2018 and in 2019.[256][257]Planned writers included the science fiction authorsCory Doctorow,Sylvain NeuvelandCatherine Webb,under the pseudonym Claire North.[258]The project was postponed indefinitely in 2018 as Brooker and Jones could not dedicate enough time to it, with Brooker saying "I'm not sure when or if [the series] will appear. Probably not".[252]
Black Mirror Labyrinth
editIn mid-2019,Thorpe Park ResortinChertsey,United Kingdom, announced that it was to open a walkthrough maze, the "Black Mirror Labyrinth".[259]The maze was scheduled to open in March 2020,[260][261]but this was delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[262]It opened on 21 May 2021 and is themed around artificial intelligence. The subject's name and a photo taken of them are used to personalise the maze.[263]It closed at the end of 2023.[264]
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