Wikipedia

Boy band

For other uses, seeBoy band (disambiguation).

Aboy bandis avocal groupconsisting of young male singers, usually in theirteenage yearsor in their twenties at the time of formation.[1]Generally, boy bands performlove songsmarketed towards girls and young women. Many boy bands dance as well as sing, usually giving highly choreographed performances.South Korean boy bandsusually also have designated rappers. Most boy band members do not play musical instruments, either in recording sessions or on-stage. They are similar in concept to their counterparts known asgirl groups.

Some boy bands are formed on their own, but most are created bytalent managersor record producers who hold auditions. The popularity of boy bands has peaked three times: first in the 1960s to '70s, with e.g.the Jackson 5andthe Osmonds;the second time during the late 1980s, the 1990s and the 2000s, when acts such asNew Kids on the Block,Take That,Backstreet Boys,NSYNC,Boyzone,Five,A1,O-ZoneandWestlifedominatedglobal pop charts;and the latest time in the 2010s up to the present, with the emergence of groups such asBig Time Rush,the Wanted,One Direction,andK-popacts such asBTSandSeventeen.

History

The termboy bandwas not established until the late 1980s whenLou Pearlmandecided to form a record company to promote a new singing and dancing group after becoming fascinated with the success ofNew Kids on the Block.[2]

Although generally described as a rock band, the highest-selling band in history –the Beatles– have been described by several journalists as "the first" or "the original" boy band, "before anyone had thought of the term", exclusively due to the enthusiastic response they received from their young female audience.[3]

The Liverpool quartet known asthe Beatleswere not only the quintessential rock band, but many considered John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Star [sic] to be the original boy band – especially in the early 1960s when young girls would scream at the top of their lungs and pass out upon first sight of the "Fab Four".

— The Hollywood Reporter[4]

Other critics, however, have pointed out that this assessment of the Beatles as a "boy band" could be applied to all other bands of the 1960s, saying, "if they were a (boy band), so was everyone else"[5]and is countered by others, includingRingo Starr,[6]who point out that, from the beginning, the Beatles wrote and exercised creative control over their own music, played their own instruments, were not manufactured by a record label, and did not feature the choreographed dance moves that later came to be associated with boy bands.[5]The Beatles did, however, inspire the production of the 1966 television seriesThe Monkees,[7]which featureda music group of the same name,created for the show, that consisted of the four starring actors. The Monkees had a career as a rock and pop band after their songs from the TV series were released as successful records.[4]

Late 1960s and 1970s: The Jackson 5 and the Osmonds

The Osmonds

Although the term "boy band" was not commonly used then, the earliest predecessors of this format were groups such asthe Jackson 5andthe Osmondswhich helped form the template for boy bands.[8][7]The Jackson 5 were a sibling group that established many musical conventions that boy bands follow. For instance, their music featuredclose harmoniesfromsoul musicand catchy pop hooks influenced as much as they were byMotownand acts likethe Supremes.The group also incorporated choreographed dance moves to their performances. All members of the band sang, which is a common convention of a boy band, as opposed to having a front man and the rest on instruments; thus, no one person dominated the stage.[citation needed]Also a sibling group, The Osmonds first started singingbarbershop musicfor local audiences, before being hired to perform atDisneylandearly in their career. Their appearance in a televised Disney special earned them additional TV spots, such asThe Andy Williams ShowandThe Jerry Lewis Show.[4]

Late 1970s and 1980s: Menudo, New Edition, and New Kids on the Block

New Kids on the Blockin concert, November 2008

The Puerto Rican boy bandMenudo,appealing to youngLatinaaudiences, was founded in 1977. Menudo had a convention unique among boy bands: when a member turned 16, became too tall, or their voice changed, they were replaced. The members of Menudo were generally aged 12–16. Menudo had a large impact in Latin America and in Asia; Menudo fever there was compared to Beatlemania and it was nicknamed "Menudomania".

Boston groupNew Editionwas formed in 1978 and reached their height of popularity in the 1980s, meaning they are often credited for starting the boy-band trend, even though the term "boy band" did not exist until the 1990s.Maurice Starrwas influenced by New Edition and popularized it with hisprotégéNew Kids on the Block(NKOTB), the first commercially successful modern boy band, which formed in 1984 and found international success in 1988. Starr's idea was to take the traditional template from the R&B genre (in this case his teenage band New Edition) and apply it to a pop genre.

Bros(abbreviation of the word "brothers" ) were a British boy band active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, consisting of twin brothersMattandLuke Gossalong withCraig Logan.Formed in 1986, they scored multiple top 10 hits between 1987 and 1989 and in 1988 became the first modern era–style boy band to have a multiple platinum-selling album in the UK, withPush,still one of the most successful boy-band albums in the UK. Other big boy bands in Britain during the late 1980s wereBig FunandBrother Beyond.

1990s: Boyz II Men, Take That, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, Westlife, Seo Taiji and Boys and the birth of modern K-pop

The ongoing international success of New Kids on the Block inspired music managers in Europe to create their own acts, beginning withNigel Martin-Smith'sTake Thatin the UK (formed in 1990) and followed byTom Watkins,who had success withBrosin the late 1980s and formedEast 17in 1991. East 17 were marketed and pitted against Take That as "rivals" with a rougher or harsher attitude, style and sound. Take That reformed in 2006 after a decade-long hiatus and became one of the most successful groups in British music chart history, with renewed chart success internationally, especially in Europe. Irish music managerLouis Walsh,who had witnessed the impact of these British boy bands, put out an advert for an "Irish Take That", thereby creatingBoyzonein 1993.Let Loose(formed in 1993),MN8and911(formed in 1995), andDamage(formed in 1996) were also successful boy bands in Britain; however, by the late 1990s all these bands had split up.

All these artists were very successful on both the singles and albums charts domestically and internationally; however, with the emergence ofBritpopand the commercial co-option ofindie rock,many boy bands were ridiculed by the British music press as having no artistic credibility, although some, such as East 17 and Take That, did write most of their own material. The media attention was then placed on the "Battle of Britpop", and the bandsOasisandBlurreplaced the importance and rivalry of Take That and East 17 as the two new biggest bands in Britain. However, boy bands continued to find success in the late 1990s, such asFive,Another Level,Point BreakandWestlife.In 1995 successful German music managerFrank Farian,who had been manager ofBoney MandMilli Vanilli,put togetherLatin AmericanbandNo Mercywho scored a few worldwide hits during the mid-90s.

Although being American and the sons ofTito Jackson,a member ofthe Jackson 5,3Thad several hits singles across Europe in the mid-1990s, despite limited success in the US, and finished the second biggest selling act of 1996 in Europe behind theSpice Girls.[9]With the success of North American boy bands likeNew Kids on the Blockin East Asia, Japanese entertainment companyJohnny & AssociatesformedSMAPin 1992. The group enjoyed tremendous success, selling over 35 million records.[10]

In 1992, after the disbandment of the heavy metal bandSinawe,in which he had a brief stint,Seo Taijiformed the boy bandSeo Taiji and Boys(Korean: 서태지와 아이들) together with dancers Lee Juno andYang Hyun-suk,which went on to become highly successful and created a craze at the time. Seo Taiji and Boys is credited with changing the South Korean music industry by pioneering the incorporation ofrapandbreakdanceas well as the fusion of Korean music and various popular Western music genres in Korean popular music, and in turn creating the prototype for the modern hybridK-popgenre or "rap-dance", as it was called at the time, andK-popgroups. They also left a lasting impact by explicitly putting social criticism at the forefront of their music, as well as paving the way for artistic freedom in South Korea by challenging censorship laws and the television networks hegemony over the music market. In 1995 the Korean Broadband is not 6 ft to a particular location casting Ethics Committee demanded that Seo Taiji and Boys change the lyrics for "Regret of the Times". As a result, Seo decided to release the song as a purely instrumental track. This incited protests and resulted in the abolishment of music pre-censorship in Korea. Seo Taiji also did not have to rely on television networks due to the fact that he owned his own studio. This autonomy allowed Seo to bring subcultures in Korea, such as heavy metal, to the forefront of popular culture and challenge pervasive social norms. The band's independent success diminished the power of the television networks to dictate which artists appeared on shows, and gave rise to the influence of record labels and talent agencies.[11][12]In 1996, Seo Taiji and Boys disbanded. In April 1996, Billboard reported that the band's first three albums had each sold over 1.6 million copies, with the fourth nearing two million,[13]making all four some of thebest-selling albums of all time in South Koreato this day. Lee Juno became a record producer, and Yang Hyun-suk was successful in foundingYG Entertainment,one of the three biggest record companies in the country. Seo Taiji returned to music two years later with a successful solo career as a rock artist; he rose to become one of the most prominent and influential cultural icons in South Korea and was dubbed "the President of culture".[14]In 2017, Seo Taiji released a 25th Anniversary album with his greatest hits and remakes by prominent Korean artists, including the group BTS. He also held a joint celebratory concert with the latter, in which he acknowledged them as his spiritual successors in K-pop due to the socially conscious thematic similarities in their music as well their sharedhip hopleanings, and metaphorically passed the torch, saying "This is your generation now".[15]

Backstreet Boyssold over 100 million records.[16]

In the early 1990s in North America, with New Kids on the Block's continued success andColor Me Baddalso having success, boy bands became a continued staple of the Billboard charts. Continuing this success in the mid-1990s, most prominent boy bands were African American and had R&B and gospel elements, such as the groupsAll-4-One(formed in 1993) andBoyz II Men(formed in 1988). Boyz II Men are also the most successful boy band act on theU.S. Hot 100as well as theAustralian Singles Chart.Although they had success on the Billboard charts, they were not marketed towards youth but more towards adults. It was not until 1997 and the change to pop-oriented groups such asBackstreet Boys,98 Degrees,NSYNC,the Moffatts,andHansonthat boy bands exploded commercially and dominated the market in the United States. This late 1990s marked the height of boy band popularity in North America, which has not been seen since.

Arguably the most successful boy band manager from the U.S. wasLou Pearlman,who founded commercially successful acts such as theBackstreet Boysin 1993,NSYNCandLFOin 1995,O-Townin 2000, andUS5in 2005. Backstreet Boys and NSYNC became the two biggest boy bands in the late 1990s until the early 2000s, and Backstreet Boys went on to become the best-selling boy band in history with over 100 million records sold.[16]

In the late 1990s in the UK, producerSimon Cowell(noted in the U.S. for theAmerican Idol/The X Factorfranchise) is also known for having managed British boybandFive(formed in 1997) and Irish boybandWestlife(formed in 1998). Westlife was created by IrishmanLouis Walshas a replacement forBoyzone[17]and was initially managed by a former member of the bandRonan Keating.Westlife would eventually overtake Take That in number one's tally in the UK although Take That's overall UK sales are still higher. In 2012, theOfficial Charts Companyrevealed the biggest selling singles artists in British music chart history with Take That placed 15th overall and the highest selling boyband act (9.3 million), followed by Boyzone at 29 (7.1 million) and Westlife at 34 (6.8 million).[18][19][20]Even though Cowell is known to have managed several successful boy bands, he is also infamous for passing on signing two of the biggest boybands to emerge from the 1990s and 2000s, Take That andBusted.[21]

2000s: Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, Westlife and Jonas Brothers

Jonas Brothersare described as a pop boy band.

With the continued success ofBackstreet Boysand*NSYNC,American and British groups like98 Degrees,Westlife,O-Town,A1,Blue,andBustedgained quick popularity both domestically and internationally. International boy bands would also occasionally spring up, such as theMoldovanbandO-Zone(better known today as anInternet meme), andOverground.American Christian boy bandPlus Onealso enjoyed brief remarkable success during this time.

At the height of boy band popularity inNorth America,MTV created their own parody boyband,2gether.Likethe Monkeesin the 1960s, they were a manufactured act composed of actors. 2gether played off of the idea that every successful boy band must have five distinct personality types: the bad boy, the shy one, the young one, the older brother type, and a heart throb.

Since 2001, the dominance of traditional boy bands on pop charts began to fade in the western hemisphere, although Gil Kaufman ofMTVhas described "new boy bands" that are "more likely to resembleMy Chemical Romance,Sum 41,andSimple Plan.[22]

In 2001, Taiwanese boy bandF4(called JVKV since 2007)[23]blew up big as a result of the success of their TV dramaMeteor Garden.According toForbes,F4 has sold 3.5 million copies of their first two albums all over Asia as of July 2003.[24]

With their success, many other Taiwanese boy bands emerged around this time, such as5566andFahrenheit.In South Korea,Shinhwaalso spreadhallyuwave throughout Asia such asJapan,Thailand,Singapore,Taiwan,Hong KongandChina.Also in 2001, a new all-male pop band and dance group boyband hailing from Japan calledExiledebuted under Avex Group's labelRhythm Zonewith 14 members, putting them on par withSuper Junior,a South Korean boy band, who at the time, had had 13 members at its peak.[25]

Japanese boy bandArashihas sold over 30 million copies of their records since their first release in 1999.[26]They had theyearly best-selling single in Japanin 2008[27]and 2009.[28]In 2003SMAPreleased the single "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana"that has become thethird best-selling single ever in Japan,with over three million copies sold.[29]

In North America, theJonas Brothersrose to fame from promotion on theDisney Channelin 2008. Other boy bands likeJLSandMindless Behavioralso emerged and experienced remarkable success around this time. However, apart from them, boy bands have not seen the commercial boom experienced in the genre from the mid to late nineties in North America.

The mid 2000s, especially the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe, saw the continued longevity of nineties boy bands such asBackstreet BoysandWestlife(before they disbanded in 2012), and the successful comeback ofTake Thatin 2005,Boyzonein 2007, andNew Kids on the Blockin 2008. Some sections of the press have referred to these acts, particularly those who have reformed after a previous split, such as Take That, Boyzone, and98 Degrees,as 'man bands'.[30]

2010s and 2020s: Big Time Rush, One Direction and rise of K-pop

One Directionrose to fame in 2011.

In the early 2010s, there was somewhat of a resurgence of boy band popularity in countries where the trend had not maintained, with the emergence of new boy bands likeBig Time Rush,the Wanted,andOne Directionand the formation ofsupergroupNKOTBSBwhich comprised members of New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys.[31]NKOTBSB's success inspired boy bands who were fairly popular during the 1990s and 2000s to make a comeback, such as A1,Blue,98 Degrees,Five,911,and O-Town. Like2getherandthe Monkees,Big Time Rush was a manufactured act created for a television show. One Direction were often credited as sparking a resurgence in the popularity and interest boy bands alongside being credited with forming part of a new "British Invasion"in the United States.[32][33]TheirWhere We Are Tourwas the highest-grossing tour by a vocal group in history[34]and after the release of their fourth album,Four,they became the only group in the 58-year history of theBillboard200to have their first four albums debut at number one.[35]

In Southeast Asia, local boy bands also emerged as a result of the continued success of Korean and Japanese boy bands.[citation needed]After the debut of the Philippines supergroupSB19in 2018, the group appeared at number six onBillboard Year-EndSocial 50 chart, making them the first Southeast Asian act to reach the top 10 of the magazine's annual chart.[36]

In South Korea, boy bands have been commercially successful. On theCircle Chartyear-end albums chart of 2022, 7 of the top 10 and 13 of the top 20 albums are by boy bands or by subunits/members of boy bands.[37]Seventeen'sFMLis the best-selling album of all time in South Korea, with more than 6.2 million copies sold, and BTS'sLove Yourself: Herbecame the first album released since 2001 to sell more than 1 million copies.[38][39][40]

In 2013, Billboard started covering music releases in K-pop, though K-pop had been entering the charts as early as 2009.[41]By 2017, BTS crossed into the international music market, furthering theKorean Wavein the United States and becoming the first Korean group to receive a certification by theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA) with their single "Mic Drop".The band is the first Korean act to top the U.S.Billboard200 with their studio albumLove Yourself: Tear(2018) and have since hit the top of the U.S. charts with their albumsLove Yourself: Answer(2018),Map of the Soul: Persona(2019),Map of the Soul: 7(2020),Be(2020) andProof.[42][43]Love Yourself: Answeralso broke South Korea'sGaon Album Chart's all-time monthly record previously set byLove Yourself: Tearand became the first Korean album certified Gold in the United States.[44]SuperMlater became the first K-pop group to debut at No. 1 in the U.S.Billboard200.[45]In 2020, BTS "Dynamite"debuted atop theBillboardHot 100,making them the first all-South Korean act in Hot 100 history to debut at number one.[46]It garnered the band their firstGrammynomination, forBest Pop Duo/Group Performanceat63rd Annual Grammy Awards,making them the first K-pop act to be nominated for one.[47]

On 3 August 2024, South Korean boy groupStray Kidsbecome the first group ever to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with their first five charting albumsOddinary(2022),Maxident(2022),5-Star(2023),Rock-Star(2023) andAte(2024).[48][49]

In Japan,Arashiwas the best-selling music artist in Japan from 2013 through 2017[50]by value of sales and also having the yearly best-selling album in the country in 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2016.[51][52][53][54][55]Other successful Japanese boy bands in this decade includeSandaime J Soul Brothers,the second best-selling music artist of 2016 in the country andKanjani Eight,the fifth best-selling music artist of that year in Japan.[56]

In Norway, the boy bandBallinciagagained commercial success in 2022 with dance and party songs like "Dans På Bordet" and "Beklager (Guttaklubben)". The group is also known for keeping their identities anonymous by wearing pink-colored masks in the public.[57]Other Norwegian boy bands that gained commercial success in the country in 2020s areUndergrunnandTigergutt101in 2022 and 2024 respectively.[58][59]

Key factors of the concept

Seen as important to a "boy band" group's commercial success is the group'simage,carefully controlled by managing all aspects of the group's attire, promotional materials (which are frequently supplied toteen magazines), and music videos. The key factor of a boy band is being trendy. This means that the band conforms to the most recent fashion and musical trends in the popular music scene. Typically, each member of the group will have some distinguishing feature and be portrayed as having a particular personality stereotype, such as "the baby", "the bad boy", or "the shy one". While managing the portrayal of popular musicians is as old aspopular music,the particular pigeonholing of band members is a defining characteristic of boy and girl bands. In K-pop, officially designated positions within the group are common, such as "leader", "maknae" (Korean: 막내, English: "the youngest" ), "visual", "center" "vocalist", "rapper" and "dancer". The latter three are based on the members' specialized skills and are further divided into "main-", "lead-" and "sub-" (vocalist/rapper/dancer) positions, with the members occupying the "main" positions often being considered the most skilled and having the most parts in songs or being highlighted during solo dance parts. The "leader" is the spokesperson who represents the group in public, and is in charge of mediating between group members, as well as between the group and the label.[60]

In most cases, their music is written, arranged and produced by a producer who works with the band at all times and controls the group's sound – if necessary, to the point of hiringsession singersto record guide vocals for each member of the group to sing individually if the members cannot harmonize well together. However, for clarity of each voice, recording each voice individually is most commonly the norm with most modern vocal groups. In recent years,auto-tunehas become a popular tool in vocal producing, some boy bands have come under fire for that reason. Some have also come under fire forlip syncingin their performances as well, for exampleNew Kids on the Block.[61]

A typical boy band performance features elaborately choreographed dancing, with the members taking turns singing and/or rapping. Boy bands generally do not compose or produce their own material, unless the members lobby hard enough for creative control. However, some bands were created around the talent of a songwriter within the group likeGary BarlowofTake ThatorTony MortimerofEast 17.It is not uncommon to find extra songs on an album written by one or more of the band members; however, their producers rarely use these as singles.

Since the 21st century, however, boy bands have been expected to write or at least contribute in some part lyrically to songs. Apart from the groups mentioned above who all had at least one primary songwriter from their beginning, other groups soon caught up. At the close of the nineties, groups likeBackstreet Boysand*NSYNCwho had previously used writers likeMax Martinduring their early albums began writing their own songs.[62][63]Newer groups from late 2000s such asJLShave all made a point from early interviews that they write their own songs and hold their own image as this is an important part of marketing. Some bands likeThe Wantedhave even spent time learning the craft of songwriting.[64]There has also been a rising trend of so-called "songwriter-" or "producer idols" (Korean:Hangul작곡돌,rev. Rom.jakgok-dol) in K-pop since the early 2000s. Nowadays, it is not uncommon for groups to have at least one member who is heavily involved in the songwriting and producing of the groups' music.[65]In many cases, these members are the rappers in the group, who have often gained songwriting and producing experience while being active as amateur or underground rappers before joining the group. There is also a higher expectation for rappers to write their own lyrics due to self-expression being a core value of thehip-hopgenre.[66]There are cases of "producer idols" writing or producing for other artists outside of their solo or respective group work as well, such asBTS'RMandSuga.[67]

Individuals can also go on to achieve greater success as a solo artist coming out of a boy band having used the groups popularity to build on. Usually this signals the end of the group until potential future reunions. Examples of this includeJustin TimberlakefromNSYNC,andRobbie WilliamsfromTake That.[68]Some boy band members have gone on to successful careers elsewhere in the media. In K-pop, it is expected and common practice for members to embark on solo endeavors as musical artists or in other entertainment sectors, such as acting, or as variety personalities, alongside their group career after a few years. At the latest, this happens around the time the eldest member reaches the age of 28 (in exceptional cases 30) and is drafted formandatory military service,forcing the group into a temporary hiatus of at least 18 months. The other members then often go on to pursue solo endeavors and reconvene as a group while no member is serving, or after all members have completed their service.[69]

Music genres

Although most boy bands consist ofR&Bor pop influences, othermusic genres,most notablycountry musicandfolk music,are also represented.South 65andMarshall Dyllon,for example, were both country music boy bands.Il Divo,created bySimon Cowellin 2004, are a vocal group that performsoperatic popin several (mainly Italian) languages. Since then operatic/classical boy bands have become quite popular and common, especially in the UK. Since 2001, there has been some crossover withpower popandpop punkfrom bands that play live instruments. Just recently some boy bands decided to go back to their original doo-wop roots, most notably,The Overtones.

Controversy

Since the 2000s, groups such asBackstreet BoysandLFOhave disliked the term "boy band" and have preferred to be known as a "male vocal group".[70][71]Being categorized among boy bands was also the main reasonthe Moffattssplit up.[72]Boy bands have been accused by the music press of emphasizing the appearance and marketing of the group above the quality of music, deliberately trying to appeal to apreteenaudience and for conforming to trends instead of being original. Such criticisms can become extremely scathing. Boy bands are often seen as being short-lived,[73]although some acts such asthe Jackson 5,Backstreet Boys,Human Nature,New Edition,SMAP,Shinhwa,[74]Take ThatandWestlifehave sustained lasting careers.

See also

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Further reading

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