Wikipedia

Breed

(Redirected fromBreeds)
For other uses, seeBreed (disambiguation).

Abreedis a specific group of breedable domestic animals havinghomogeneousappearance (phenotype), homogeneousbehavior,and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the samespecies.In literature, there exist several slightly deviating definitions.[2]Breeds are formed throughgenetic isolationand either naturaladaptationto the environment orselective breeding,or a combination of the two. Despite the centrality of the idea of "breeds" to animal husbandry and agriculture, no single, scientifically accepted definition of the term exists.[3]: 340 A breed is therefore not an objective or biologically verifiable classification but is instead aterm of artamongst groups of breeders who share a consensus around what qualities make some members of a given species members of a nameable subset.[4]

Braunvieh,a dairy breed[1]with high milk production and littlemilk fat

Another point of view is that a breed is consistent enough in type to be logically grouped together and when mated within the group produce the same type.[5]When bred together, individuals of the same breed pass on these predictable traits to their offspring, and this ability – known as "breeding true"– is a requirement for a breed.Plantbreeds are more commonly known ascultivars.The offspring produced as a result of breeding animals of one breed with other animals of another breed are known ascrossbreedsor mixed breeds. Crosses between animal or plant variants above the level of breed/cultivar (i.e. between species,subspecies,botanicalvariety,even differentgenera) are referred to ashybrids.[6]

Breeding: selection by breeders

edit
Main article:Animal breeding
This example shows three different breeds of thedomestic pig,which all vary widely in appearance.

Thebreeder(or group of breeders) who initially establishes a breed does so byselectingindividual animals from within agene poolthat they see as having the necessary qualities needed to enhance the breed model they are aiming for. These animals are referred to asfoundation stock.Furthermore, the breeder mates the most desirable representatives of the breed from his or her point of view, aiming to pass such characteristics to theirprogeny.This process is known asselective breeding.A written description of desirable and undesirable breed representatives is referred to as abreed standard.

Breed characteristics

edit

Breed specific characteristics, also known as breed traits, are inherited, andpurebredanimals pass such traits fromgenerationto generation. Thus, all specimens of the same breed carry several genetic characteristics of the original foundation animal(s). In order to maintain the breed, a breeder would select those animals with the most desirable traits to achieve further maintenance and developing of such traits. At the same time, the breed would avoid animals carrying characteristics undesirable or not typical for the breed, including faults orgeneticdefects. Thepopulationwithin the same breed should consist of a sufficient number of animals to maintain the breed within the specified parameters without the necessity of forcedinbreeding.

Domestic animal breeds commonly differ from country to country, and from nation to nation. Breeds originating in a certain country are known as "native breeds" of that country.

Lists of breeds

edit
Main article:Lists of breeds

Mammals

edit

Insects

edit

Birds

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^"Breeds:German owl".The Cattle Sit.Retrieved22 February2021.
  2. ^Hall, S. J. G.; Bradley, D. G. (1995). "Conserving livestock breed biodiversity".Trends in Ecology & Evolution.10(7): 267–70.doi:10.1016/0169-5347(95)90005-5.PMID21237034.
  3. ^Rischkowsky, Barbara; Pilling, Dafydd, eds. (2007).The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture(PDF).Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.ISBN9789251057629– via FAO.org.
  4. ^Lush, Jay Laurence(1994). Chapman, A. B.; Shrode, Robert R.; Crow, James F. (eds.).The Genetics of Populations.Ames, Iowa:Iowa State College.p. 381.OCLC31073249.Cited in: Rischkowsky & Pilling (2007), p. 340.
  5. ^Clutton-Brock, Juliet. 1987A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals,Cambridge University Press and the Museum of Natural History, page 40.
  6. ^Banga, Surinder S. (1998).Hybrid Cultivar Development.Springer-Verlag. p. 119.ISBN3540635238.

Further reading

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breed&oldid=1255924708"